荔枝成花、坐果与现“白点”期和末次秋梢期成熟期的关系研究.pdf
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1、果树学报2023,40(8):1628-1639Journal of Fruit ScienceDOI:10.13925/ki.gsxb.20220499荔枝成花、坐果与现“白点”期和末次秋梢期成熟期的关系研究苏钻贤1,2,杨胜男1,黄悦1,万志远1,申济源1,2,陈厚彬1,2*(1华南农业大学园艺学院,广州 510642;2岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室茂名分中心,广东茂名 525000)摘要:【目的】探讨妃子笑、怀枝、桂味和糯米糍的最适宜末次秋梢成熟期和现“白点”期,为荔枝控梢促花管理提供生物学指引。【方法】于20092021年跟踪调查妃子笑、怀枝、桂味和糯米糍品种的关键物候期、成花枝
2、率和坐果量,利用箱线图、小提琴图、T检验、Pearson相关等方法对数据的分布、差异显著性和相关性进行分析,并研究荔枝秋梢期、现“白点”期与成花和坐果之间的关系。【结果】4个品种共获得522组数据。桂味等4个品种在10月1631日末次秋梢成熟、1月15日前现“白点”的植株,成花枝率约90%,成熟期坐果量等级最高;在11月1日后末次秋梢成熟、1月16日后现“白点”的植株,成花枝率多下降到60%以下,且数据波动较大,坐果量等级下降为最低。坐果量与现“白点”期和成花枝率均存在极显著相关性,相关系数分别为-0.51和0.54;成花枝率与现“白点”期以及末次秋梢成熟期均存在极显著负相关性,相关系数分别为
3、-0.59和-0.20。【结论】在广州地区,调控妃子笑、怀枝、桂味和糯米糍4个品种末次秋梢在10月1631日成熟,在1月15日前现“白点”,是在复杂农业气象条件下获得高成花和高产量的最可靠策略。关键词:荔枝;末次秋梢成熟期;现“白点”期;成花枝率;坐果量中图分类号:S667.1文献标志码:A文章编号:1009-9980(2023)08-1628-12收稿日期:2022-09-26接受日期:2023-03-04基金项目:粤西特色亚热带水果种质创新与新品种培育技术研究与应用(2021B0707010004);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(荔枝龙眼CARS-32);乡村振兴战略专项资
4、金(农业科技能力提升)项目(403-2018-XMZC-0002-90;乡村振兴战略专项资金(农业科技能力提升)项目(2023TS-2-2)作者简介:苏钻贤,男,助理研究员,博士,研究方向:荔枝等花果调控技术。Tel:020-85280231,E-mail:*通信作者Author for correspondence.Tel:020-85280231,E-mail:Relationship between flowering rate and fruit set,and the dates of“whitemillete”appearance and last autumn shoot flu
5、sh maturation in litchiSU Zuanxian1,2,YANG Shengnan1,HUANG Yue1,WAN Zhiyuan1,SHEN Jiyuan1,2,CHEN Houbin1,2*(1College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong,China;2Maoming Branch,GuangdongLaboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture,Maoming 525000,Guangdong,China)A
6、bstract:【Objective】Litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)is an important tropical fruit crop cultivated inmore than 20 countries where it plays a crucial role in local economies.The low yielding and the bienni-al bearing are problems worldwide in litchi production.Shoot control can influence the phenology o
7、flast autumn flush maturation and“white millete”appearance,and thereby it is an effective managementto improve blossoming and fruit setting in litchi.However there has no consensus on the applicationtime of shoot control.To explore the optimum last autumn flush maturation date and the“white mil-lete
8、”appearance date in Feizixiao,Huaizhi,Guiwei and Nuomici litchi,the experiment was carried outto provide biological guidance for the management of shoot control and flower promotion in litchi.【Methods】A total of 522 sets of data including phenology,flowering rate and fruit production of Gui-wei and
9、other varieties were obtained from 2009 to 2021 in the SCAU Main Campus Teaching&Re-search Base.The last autumn flush maturation date was split into three periods:before October 15,fromOctober 16 to October 31 and after November 1.The“white millete”appearance date was split intothree periods:before
10、January 15,from January 16 to January 31,and after February 1.The flowering,等:秋梢期成熟期的关系研究第8期荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)是重要的亚热带常绿果树,原产于我国西南部,主产于南北纬1732之间1。成花不稳定导致荔枝“大小年”结果现象突出,严重影响产业健康发展。影响荔枝成花诱导的因素很多,通常认为冬季低温2-4、干旱5、枝梢状态6等因素最为重要。重测序分析表明,荔枝一对COL基因中的一段3.7 kb区域不同程度缺失,导致不同品种对低温的需求量和开花期差异1。不同品种之间对低温的需求存在共
11、性规律,即日最高温20 以下或日最低温 10 以下,低温持续时间需要 68rate was split into:High rank(flowering rate75%),Medium rank(25%flowering rate75%)andLow rank(flowering rate25%)to analyze the relationship between flowering rate and the date whenlate autumn flush matured.The number of fruit was split into:High rank(number of fr
12、uitupper quar-tile),Medium rank(mediannumber of fruitupper quartile)and Low rank(number of fruitmedian)to analyze the relationship between fruit production and the date of“white millete”appearance.Thebox plots were applied to determine the outliers of the survey data.Data distribution was analyzed u
13、s-ing the violin plot.T-test was used to determine whether there were differences between the datagroups.The changes in the number of litchi plants from last autumn flush maturation,“white millete”appearance,and flowering to fruit ripening was tracked with Sankey diagram.Significant differenceanalys
14、is and Pearson correlation were performed using R-project(V3.6.1).【Results】A total of 522 data-sets were obtained from four varieties,including 81 sets from Feizixiao,116 sets from Huaizhi,202 setsfrom Guiwei,and 123 sets from Nuomici.The average value of the last autumn flush maturation date,the“wh
15、ite millete”appearance date,the flowering rate and the number of fruit for four varieties wereOctober 22 to October 27,January 13 to January 20,57%to 75%and 93 to 372,respectively.Amongthe four varieties,the flowering rate and fruit production were the highest when the last autumn flushmatured betwe
16、en October 16 and October 31andthe“white millete”appearance before January 15.Theflowering rate was over 75%,and concentrated at around 90%.The flowering rate decreased to lessthan 60%and the data were highly volatile when the late autumn flush matured after November 1 andinitialed after January 16.
17、For Feizixiao,the distribution of flowering rate was dispersed and lower than20%when it matured before October 15 or after November 1.For Huaizhi and Guiwei,the floweringrate was about 50%when it matured after November 1.The fruit production also showed a similar pat-tern.The last autumn flush of pl
18、ants with high rank of flowering rate matured between October 16 andOctober 31 with proportion of 45%.The“white millete”of plants with high rank of number of fruit ap-peared before January 15 with proportion of 74%.The correlation between the number of fruit and flow-ering rate was 0.54(p0.001).The
19、correlation between the number of fruit and the date of“white mil-lete”appearance was-0.51(p0.001).The correlation between the flowering rate and the date of“white millete”appearance was-0.59(p0.001).The correlation between the flowering rate and thedate of last autumn flush maturation was-0.20(p0.0
20、01).These results indicated that there was signif-icant correlation between the fruit production,flowering rate and the last autumn flush maturation dateand the“white millete”appearance date.【Conclusion】Overall,in Guangzhou,the best phenology forFeizixiao,Huaizhi,Guiwei and Nuomici varieties would b
21、e mature from October 16 to October 31 forthe last autumn shoots,and initial before January 15 for the“white millete”appearance.The regulationsuch as girdling,precise control with growth regulator,timely irrigation,and spraying with foliar fertil-izer in these phonological stages to improve flowerin
22、g was a foundation for high and stable yield of li-tchi.This study provided a reference for shoot control and flower promotion in litchi.Key words:Litchi;Date of last autumn flush maturation;Date of“white millete”appearance;Flower-ing rate;Fruit production苏钻贤,等:荔枝成花、坐果与现“白点”期和末次秋梢期成熟期的关系研究1629果树学报第4
23、0卷周。花穗发育期理想的天气特点是:昼间日均气温回升(可达20 以上)、夜间冷凉(可低至10 以下)。根据成花“阶段性假说”7,荔枝在秋末枝梢生长成熟、在冬季低温期间经历花诱导,而后在冬末春初气温回升时完成花分化和开花。叶片转绿、顶芽处于停止生长状态的荔枝末端秋梢才能对冬季低温诱导作出响应8。顶芽出现花穗原基(即“白点”)是荔枝完成成花诱导的标志。随着全球气候变化加剧,秋冬季低温来临时间、强度和持续时间在年际间不确定性越来越大,而秋梢状态是荔枝栽培管理中可调控的因素之一,因此明确各地区、不同品种荔枝品种末次秋梢达到成熟状态和“白点”显现的适宜时间十分重要。物候学是研究植物或动物周期性重复的生长
24、发育模式的科学,从最初观察和记录少数几个物种的几个关键年度自然事件时间的经验学科发展到当今融合观测网络9、实验和建模10的综合科学。近年来,卫星遥感通过检测与绿色相关的植被指数11、叶绿素荧光12或高频采集图像13等手段拓宽了传统植物物候观测的视野,但这些方法仍存在空间分辨率和图像解释准确率低等缺陷,而地面观测获得物候期数据仍然是常绿果树物候研究最可靠的手段14。数据分析与挖掘被应用于物联网、电子商务、金融、健康医疗、舆情分析、生物技术等各个领域。其中相关性分析目的在于探寻数据集里所隐藏的相关关系网15,在机器学习、生物信息、医学、信息检索、社会统计学、经济学等众多领域和学科都有广泛应用。笔者
25、在本研究中对华南农业大学荔枝园的关键物候进行连续观测记载,结合成花坐果数据,分析成花率、坐果量、现“白点”期与末次秋梢成熟期之间的关系,探讨妃子笑、怀枝、桂味和糯米糍最适宜的末次秋梢成熟时间和现“白点”时间,挖掘荔枝物候期、成花与坐果的共性规律,为荔枝控梢促花管理提供生物学依据。1材料和方法1.1试验地点与材料试验地点为广州五山华南农业大学校本部教学科研基地荔枝园(113.366 E,23.164 N)。基地分两个地块,地块一于2003年种植,密度为6 m5 m;地块二于2013年种植,密度为6.0 m2.5 m。试验材料为妃子笑、怀枝、桂味和糯米糍4个荔枝品种的圈枝苗。20092015年,在
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- 荔枝 坐果 白点 末次秋梢期 成熟期 关系 研究
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