557.7 nm波段地基探测风场的多普勒非对称空间外差干涉仪研制.pdf
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1、557.7 nm 波段地基探测风场的多普勒非对称空间外差干涉仪研制刘欢1,江伦1,2,3*,张晓菲1,付芸1,宋延嵩1,2,3,佟首峰1,2,3,刘显著1,2,3(1.长春理工大学光电工程学院,吉林长春130022;2.深圳鹏城实验室,广东深圳 518000;3.长春理工大学航空与地面激光通信技术国防基础科学重点实验室,吉林长春130022)摘要:为探测中层大气风场信息,研制了一台具有热补偿特性的大集光率(A)、高信噪比(Signal-to-NoiseRatio,SNR)的地基多普勒非对称空间外差(DopplerAsymmetricSpatialHeterodyne,DASH)干涉仪。针对 5
2、57.7nm 的氧原子气辉谱线,制定了 DASH 干涉仪的详细参数和指标。系统采用扩视场和消热差设计,半视场角达到 2.815,集光率为0.09525cm2sr,系统信噪比在 113.75 左右,经过热补偿设计后,最终光程差随温度变化(dd0/dT)的数值仅为 2.224107mm/C。根据相应参数设计优化了光学系统,前置光学系统和探测器光学系统分别采用像方远心和双远心结构,各项指标均满足探测要求。为验证设计结果,搭建了地基 DASH 干涉仪实验平台,进行室内以及地基室外实验,最终得到了明显的干涉条纹。上述结果证明 DASH 干涉仪的系统设计是合理的,系统的信噪比和集光率满足检测要求。关 键
3、词:地基 DASH 干涉仪;557.7nm 氧原子气辉谱线;光学设计;信噪比中图分类号:TH.744文献标志码:Adoi:10.37188/CO.EN-2022-00181IntroductionThewindfieldinthemiddleandupperatmo-sphereaffectsclimatechange,theflighttrajectoryparametersofspacecraft,andthepreciseguidanceofmilitarymissiles.Therefore,itisnecessarytore-searchtheaccurateandefficient
4、detectionofwind-fieldinformation.Overthelastcentury,theFabry-Perotinterferometerhasbeenregardedasatypicalpassive wind-measuring device owing to its highsensitivityandsmalltemperatureinfluenceontheopticalpathdifferenceoftheinterferometer.How-ever,theFabry-Perottalonhashighaccuracyre-quirements and a
5、difficult manufacturing process.Additionally,itsFieldOfView(FOV)isnoteasilybroadened(usuallylessthan2)1,resultinginalowSignal-to-NoiseRatio(SNR).TheMichelsoninter-ferometer is another device commonly used forpassivewindmeasurementsandittrackstheDop-plerfrequencyshiftbymonitoringthephaseshiftofmultip
6、leinterferencefringes.FOVbroadeningtech-nologycanbeusedtoexpandtheFOV.However,dynamicmeasurementmethodsreducethemeasure-mentaccuracyofthewindspeed2.DopplerAsymmetricSpatialHeterodyne(DA-SH)technologyhasbothgratingdiffractionandspa-tialinterferencecapabilities.Intheopticalpath,anFOVprismcanbeusedtoin
7、creasetheFOVofthesystemtoobtainalargeetendueandSNR.More-over,DASHtechnologyhasaseriesofadvantages,such as high spectral resolution and simultaneousmulti-spectral line static detection.Since 2006,DASHhasbeenusedtodetectmiddleandupperat-mosphericwindfields3.TheDASHinterferometertakestheairglowspectral
8、lineinthemiddleandup-peratmosphereasthelightsource,invertsthewind-fieldparametersviatheDopplereffectofthespec-tralline,andfinallyobtainsthewindspeedusingtheinterferenceabsolutephasedifference.Owingtoitshighresolutionandsimplestructure,theDASHsystemhasclearadvantagesindetectingatmospher-icspectralDop
9、plershifts,whichhasattractedtheat-tentionofmanyresearchteams.Englert3proposedtheconceptofDASHtech-nologytodetectthewindfieldinthemiddleandup-第5期LIUHuan,et al.:Developmentofadopplerasymmetricspatialheterodyne.1227peratmospherein2006.Theyusedabreadboardtodetect two lasers that simultaneously changed t
10、hevoltageandfoundthattheycausedthesametrendininterferencephasechanges.ThefeasibilityofDASHtechnology for multispectral line observation andreal-timephasetrackingwassubsequentlyverified3.Thefollowingyear,withthesupportoftheUSNav-al Laboratory,the first breadboard structure of aDASH interferometer wit
11、hout an expanded FOVwas constructed4.In 2010,a ground-based(Red-lineDASHDemonstration,REDDI)5andairborne(RedlineInterferometer for Doppler Winds,AR-ROW)6 principleprototype was successfully de-velopedfortheoxygenredlinewithawavelengthof 630nm in the atmosphere,and a spectral linewithawavelengthof630
12、.48nmemittedbyanNelampwasusedforcalibrationandreal-timephasecalibration.Launched on the Ionospheric Connec-tionExplorer(ICON)satelliteinOctober2019,theMichelson Interferometer for Global High-resolu-tionThermosphericImaging(MIGHTI)developedbytheteamcanremotelymeasureatmosphericwindandtemperaturefiel
13、dswithinarangeof90300kmfromEarthbydetectingthenaturallyoccurringred(630.0nm)and green(557.7nm)lines of oxygenatomsandoxygenmolecules(762nm)nearairglowspectrallines7-8.BybuildingtheDASHinterferometerplatform,NewYorkUniversityconductedawind-fieldsimu-lationexperimentwitha630nmNelaserandob-tainedwindsp
14、eeddatabypreliminaryinversion9.Usingthis,theSWIFTDASHprincipleprototypeforstratosphericwind-fieldandinfraredozonede-tectionwasdeveloped,whichopenedanewavenueforexpandinginfraredozonedetection10.TheAnhuiInstituteofOpticsandFineMech-anicsdevelopedalarge-offsetDASHinterferomet-er(LODI)basedonsimulation
15、sandmanualsystemdesign.Thecharacteristicemissionlinesemittedbya potassium lamp with wavelengths of 769.90nmand766.49nmwereusedforindoorsimulationex-periments11.Another DASH system was used toperformground-basedmeasurementexperimentsontheDopplershiftofthesolarabsorptionline12.From2011,theXianInstitut
16、eofOpticsandPrecisionMechanics,ChineseAcademyofSciences,startedusingDASHtechnologytodetecttheatmo-spheric wind field including the single-arm-typestructureoftheDualFieldOfView(DFOV)Dop-plerheterodyneinterferometeropticalsystemsimu-lationdesign.Two-FOV-directionsinterferencefig-ureatdifferentlevelsca
17、nbeobtainedwithoutafieldscanningdevice13.ADopplerdifferentialinterfero-metermeasuring630nmoxygenredlinewasde-signed14.Forthedetectionofmiddleatmospherewind-fieldinformation,thereisaneedformiddleatmo-sphere consensus for global network observation.Ground-baseddetectiontechnologyhasgoodlocaltimecoverf
18、eatures,andtheDASHsystemisarelat-ively cheap and sophisticated example of passivewindequipment.Theestablishmentofground-basedDASHinterferometerswillcertainlylaythefounda-tion for spaceborne exploration and space-physicsresearchonaglobalscale.Inthispaper,aground-basedDASHinterfero-meterbasedonthe557.
19、7nmoxygenairglowispro-posedtomeasurethewindfieldinthemiddleatmo-sphere.OwingtothehighsensitivityoftheDASHinterferometer,cloudsandairbetweentheairglowandthegroundcansignificantlyaffectitsdetectionaccuracy.Therefore,the system requires a highSNR.In Section 2,the structural principle of theground-based
20、 DASH interferometer is introduced.Asthecorecomponentofthesystem,theinterfer-encemodulewasdesignedindetailforitsoptimalopticalpathdifference,FOVextension,andthermalcompensation,andtheSNRofthesystemwascal-culated.Next,thedesignprocessoftheentranceop-ticsandexitopticsisdescribed.InSection3,thein-doora
21、ndoutdoorground-basedexperimentsandtheexperimentalresultsproducedbytheDASHsystemaredescribed.Finally,inSection4,theDASHsys-temandexperimentalresultsaresummarized.1228中国光学(中英文)第16卷2Overallparameterdesign2.1StructuralprincipleThe DASH interferometer is based on thestructureoftheMichelsoninterferometer
22、,wherethemirrorsattheendsofthetwoopticalpathsarere-placedbygratingsplacedatLittrowangles(L)totheorthogonalplaneoftheopticalaxis.Afterreach-ingtheinterferometer,lightexperiencesgratingdif-fractionandreturnswithdifferentfrequenciesandtheopticalaxistoformdifferentangles,whichsep-arates different freque
23、ncies of light in space.ThespectrallinewithaspecifiedfrequencyisextractedusingaFouriertransform,thephaseiscalculated,and the wind speed is retrieved.The two opticalpathsoftheDASHinterferometerareasymmetric-allydesigned,andthelightpassesthroughthetwoopticalpathstoformanopticalpathdifferenceof2dtoincr
24、easeinterferencephasesensitivity.As shown in Figure 1,the airglow-emissionlightwithagivenDopplershiftiscollimatedintotheinterferometerbytheentranceoptics.Theincid-entwavefrontisdividedintotwoopticalpathsofequal intensity by the beam splitter,and the lightreachesthegratingthroughtheextendedfieldprism
25、ofthetwoopticalpaths.Afterdiffractionoccursonthe grating surface,the light returns to the beamsplitterontheoriginalpathandformsinterferencefringesattheinterferometerexit.Theinterferencefringesarescaledusingthedetectorimagingsys-tem and imaged on the detector.The asymmetriclengthtofthebeamsplitter,th
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