基于新型多间隙谐振腔的W波段高次模式扩展互作用速调管设计.pdf
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1、第 42 卷第 4 期2023 年 8 月红 外 与 毫 米 波 学 报J.Infrared Millim.WavesVol.42,No.4August,2023文章编号:1001-9014(2023)04-0504-06DOI:10.11972/j.issn.1001-9014.2023.04.012Design of W-band high-order mode extended interaction klystron based on novel multi-gap cavityXIE Bing-Chuan1,2,ZHANG Rui1*,WANG Huan-Huan3,WANG Yon
2、g1,2,GENG Zhi-Hui1,LIAO Yun-Feng1,YANG Xiu-Dong1(1.Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High Power Microwave Sources and Technologies,Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;2.School of Electronic,Electrical and Communication Engineering,Unive
3、rsity of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;3.Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering,School of Optoelectronics,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)Abstract:A novel resonator has been proposed for the klystron that operates at TM310 mode.T
4、he electric fields of both the middle cavity and the side cavity are effectively enhanced by discretizing the field in the side cavity.The novel resonator demonstrates a higher characteristic impedance than the traditional barbell shape cavity when both cavities operate at TM310 mode.Sensitivity ana
5、lysis has been performed on these two kinds of cavities.Moreover,an RF circuit in the W-band has been designed based on the proposed novel cavity.The RF circuit can achieve a high gain of 52.4 dB and a peak output power of 7.8 kW when 45 mW input power is injected.The circuit is driven by a 25 kV an
6、d 2 A pencil beam.The electronic efficiency and 3-dB bandwidth are 15.6%and 120 MHz,respectively.Key words:extended interaction klystron(EIK),high-order mode cavity,field discretizing,barbell shaped cavity,sensitivity analysis基于新型多间隙谐振腔的W波段高次模式扩展互作用速调管设计谢冰川1,2,张瑞1*,王欢欢3,王勇1,2,耿志辉1,廖云峰1,杨修东1(1.中国科学院
7、空天信息创新研究院 高功率微波源与技术重点实验室,北京100190;2.中国科学院大学 电子电气与通信工程学院,北京 100049;3.中国科学院大学 材料科学与光电技术学院,北京 100049)摘要:提出了一种工作在TM310模式下的用于高次模式速调管的新型谐振腔。通过对侧腔电场的离散化,可以有效地增强中间腔和侧腔的电场。当两腔均工作在TM310模式时,新型谐振腔的特性阻抗均高于传统的哑铃型腔。对两种腔体进行了尺寸敏感性分析。在此基础上,设计了一个W频段的射频电路。当向射频电路注入45 mW的输入功率时,获得了52.4 dB的高增益和7.8 kW的峰值输出功率。互作用电路由25 kV、2 A
8、的圆形电子注驱动。该互作用电路的电子效率和3-dB带宽分别为15.6%和120 MHz。关键词:扩展互作用速调管;高次模腔;场离散化;哑铃型腔;敏感性分析中图分类号:TN122 文献标识码:AReceived date:2022 12 01,revised date:2023 03 21 收稿日期:2022 12 01,修回日期:2023 03 21Foundation items:Supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion(MCF)Energy Research and Development Program(2018YFE03
9、05100),and the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(YJKYYQ20180005)Biography:XIE Bing-Chuan(1997-),male,Henan,doctor.Research area involves high peak power microwave devices.E-mail:*Corresponding author:E-mail:4 期 XIE Bing-Chuan et al:Design of W-band high-orde
10、r mode extended interaction klystron based on novel multi-gap cavityIntroductionKlystron is a kind of high-power microwave device that plays a critical role in remote sensing,imaging,high-power radar,and other applications.The extended interaction klystron(EIK)has high output power,high gain,tolerab
11、le bandwidth,and most importantly,excellent spectrum purity.EIK was first proposed by Chodorow and Kulke,et al1.The EIK combines the advantages of klystrons and traveling wave tubes(TWT).The multi-gap cavity used in the EIK has a high characteristic impedance,which can effectively shorten the length
12、 of the interaction circuit.Therefore,it has received extensive attention in high frequency bands.In 30-300 GHz,the EIK has shown great power potential.In 2007,CPI(Communications&Power Industries Canada Inc)revealed a variety of EIKs that could operate at frequencies up to 280 GHz2.In the W-band,CPI
13、 has demonstrated an EIK that could generate an output power of 3 kW.However,as the frequency increases,the device becomes incredibly small.The power capacity decreases rapidly.The klystron using a sheet beam has been proposed to increase the total current that can be transmitted at a given voltage3
14、.In the W band,two sheet beam klystrons have been successfully developed.The NRL(The Naval Research Laboratory)reported a W-band extended interaction klystron,which used a strong uniform magnetic field to focus sheet beam in 20144.The total current in the beam tunnel was 3.6 A and the beam voltage w
15、as 20 kV.The peak output power was 7.5 kW with an electronic efficiency of 10.4%.In addition,researchers from the University of California at Davis(UC Davis)have also demonstrated a high-power W-band klystron,which can generate a peak output power of 56.3 kW5,6.The klystron is driven by a 74 kV and
16、3.6 A sheet beam.The electronic efficiency is 21%.The sheet beam klystron exhibits great power potential.However,the optical design of the sheet beam is complex,and the focusing of the sheet beam is difficult7,8.Most importantly,the efficiency of the sheet beam klystron is unsatisfactory.Moreover,si
17、multaneously arranging multiple pencil beams in the klystron can increase the output power and reduce the beam voltage9-11.However,in the W band,the device becomes very small,and the circular ring cavity used in the multi-beam klystron becomes difficult to fabricate.To accommodate modern high-precis
18、ion planar machining techniques such as UV LIGA and WEDM,a klystron using a planar arrangement of multiple electron beams has been proposed12.However,the opticcal design of a planar multi-beam klystron is also a problem,and such a planar multi-beam design requires extremely high cathode loading(50-1
19、0 A/cm2)because of its extremely narrow electron beam spacing.Designing a klystron with a single pencil beam and planar resonators is more practical in high-frequency bands.In the high-frequency band,high-precision processing mainly relies on WEDM,X-Ray Lithography,and UV LIGA.These machining techni
20、ques can maintain precision machining up to 1.1 THz13.An extended interaction klystron with resonators operating in a high-order mode has been proposed to increase the total current in the klystron that operates at high-frequency bands14.In Ref.14,the designed 0.34 THz klystron can accommodate a tot
21、al current of 0.3 A.However,the gain of the klystron is only 43 dB due to the various losses and the low characteristic impedance of the high-order mode cavity used.In this paper,a novel resonator has been proposed for the klystron that operates in a high-order mode.The resonator can operate in the
22、true TM310-2 mode to generate a stronger field in interaction gaps.Therefore,the proposed resonator has a higher characteristic impedance.As a result,efficiency and gain are improved.An interaction circuit with 52.4 dB gain and 15.6%electronic efficiency has been designed.The novel cavity remains a
23、planar structure,which is suitable for modern high-precision planar machining techniques.1 Study of novel cavity The conventional ladder type cavity used in high-order mode klystron is shown in Fig.1(a).In Fig.1,the drift tube radius is represented as dr and the period of the gap is represented as p
24、.The gap axial length is represented as g.The TM310 mode distribution of the ladder type cavity is shown in Fig.2(a).The reverse field in the side cavity is joined together,which is a waste of energy in the cavity.In order to use the field in the cavity efficiently,we proposed a novel cavity see Fig
25、.1(b).The special structure designed in the novel cavity is to realize the real TM310 mode distribution.The TM310 mode distribution of the novel cavity is shown in Fig.2(b).The reverse fields in both side cavities have been split into three peaks.The field becomes more concentrated.The two reverse f
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