负载平衡对龙眼结果母枝生长、结果和果实品质的影响.pdf
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1、果树学报2023,40(8):1615-1627Journal of Fruit ScienceDOI:10.13925/ki.gsxb.20220635负载平衡对龙眼结果母枝生长、结果和果实品质的影响韩冬梅1,黄石连1,李建光1,郭栋梁1,吴振先2,罗焘2,吕新民1,王静1(1广东省农业科学院果树研究所/农业农村部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/广东省热带亚热带果树研究重点实验室,广州 510640;2华南农业大学园艺学院/广东省果蔬保鲜重点实验室/南方园艺产品保鲜教育部工程中心,广州 510642)摘要:【目的】探明龙眼单株挂果率与初始单穗果数之间的交互作用,确定龙眼疏花疏果时
2、的合理挂果量,以及其对龙眼结果母枝生长、结果和果实品质的影响。【方法】以石硖龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour Shixia)为试材,以不同挂果率单株为区组(3个水平),以初始单穗果数为处理(3个水平),设计了一个单因素随机区组试验,共9个区组处理组合(H11H13、H21H23、H31H33);分析了区组和处理对成熟时单穗余果数、落果率和单果质量等指标的影响。【结果】(1)果实发育期间,植株树势逐渐下降,单果质量和落果率逐渐升高,而成熟时各组合在结果母枝生长、结果和品质方面均表现出显著或极显著差异。(2)相关分析表明,区组水平与树势及成熟期结果母枝叶片生长状态呈显著相关,而处
3、理水平主要影响了单穗余果数和小叶果比;成熟树势与果穗盲节粗度、叶光泽度等呈极显著正相关,与叶片色度指标l_L*、l_b*和l_C*呈极显著负相关。(3)回归与方差分析表明,区组与处理之间不存在交互作用,协变量中的小叶果比、有叶枝长比等对区组和处理水平间的结果特性或果实品质产生了显著影响;结果性状与果实内在品质主要受单株挂果率的影响,而外观色度品质还受到结果母枝叶片长势的影响。边际均值估算结果表明,果实内在品质随区组和处理水平的提高而下降,但落果率变化趋势彼此相反。【结论】以中等偏壮树势保留60%的单株挂果率、以6080个初始单穗果数为基础,依据实际树势、盲节粗度和结果母枝叶片数量进行相应调整,
4、是石硖龙眼疏花疏果较为科学的做法,可以较好地平衡结果母枝生长、结果与品质的关系。关键词:龙眼;合理负载;生长结果;果实品质;协方差分析中图分类号:S667.2文献标志码:A文章编号:1009-9980(2023)08-1615-13收稿日期:2022-11-21接受日期:2023-03-29基金项目:广东省现代农业产业技术体系龙眼创新团队建设项目(2019KJ123);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-32-15)作者简介:韩冬梅,女,研究员,硕士,主要从事龙眼果实品质调控与采后保持技术研究。Tel:020-38765541,E-mail:Effects of load balanc
5、e on the fruiting-branch growth,fruit bearing andfruit quality of longanHAN Dongmei1,HUANG Shilian1,LI Jianguang1,GUO Dongliang1,WU Zhenxian2,LUO Tao2,LXinmin1,WANG Jing1(1Institute of Fruit Tree Research,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology an
6、dGenetic Resource Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropi-cal Fruit Tree Research,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China;2College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University/Guang-dong Provincial Key Lab for Postharvest Sci
7、ence of Fruit and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology ofHorticultural Crops in South China,Ministry of Education,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong,China)Abstract:【Objective】This paper aims to verify whether there is an interaction between the FBRT(fruiting-branch rate per tree
8、)and the INFC(initial number of fruits per cluster),and determine the rea-sonable fruit-loading of longan plant when flower or fruit thinning is applied,as well as estimate the in-fluence of fruit-loading on leaflet growth,fruit-bearing and quality of fruiting branches(FB).【Meth-ods】Using Shixia lon
9、gan as the material,a one-factor randomized block trial was designed with FBRTas the block(3 levels)and INFC as the treatment(3 levels),and 9 combinations of block treatment果树学报第40卷were obtained.The effects of block and treatment were studied on the NRFC(number of remainingfruits in single cluster),
10、FSR(fruit-shedding rate),MSF(mass of single fruit),EPRF(edible portionsrate in a single fruit),TSS(total soluble solids)content and CFS(chromaticity of the fruit surface).Be-sides,the growth covariates affecting FBC(fruit-bearing characteristics)and fruit quality were screenedout by multiple stepwis
11、e regression analysis.Using the two-factor univariate analysis in the general lin-ear model,the univariate covariance analysis for the FBC and fruit quality was conducted,and the influ-ences of uncontrollable growth factors other than block and treatment based on the analytic results wereexcluded,an
12、d the significance of the difference between block and treatment levels and the estimatedmarginal means were all obtained.【Results】(1)During the fruit development,the tree vigor graduallydecreased,with the leaflets on the FB turning from dark green to yellow green or grey green,and theMSF and FSR gr
13、adually increased,while the treated clusters of each combination showed significant orextremely significant differences in LGFB(leaflet growth of the FB),fruit-bearing and quality at ma-ture stage.Within the same block,the NRFC varied significantly among the three levels of treatment,but was similar
14、 at the same treatment level among 3 block levels.There was extremely significant differ-ence in MSF between blocks,but not between treatments within the same block.(2)Correlation analy-sis showed that the block level was significantly related to the LGMB and TVM(tree vigor at maturestage),while the
15、 treatment level mainly affected the NRFC and RSLF(ratio of small leaflet to fruit inthe single cluster),and TVM was significantly and positively correlated with the DBC(diameter at thebase of fruit cluster),LGS(leaf glossiness),numbers of total leaflet and compound leaf,etc.,and nega-tively with le
16、aflet chromaticity index l_ L*,l_ b*and l_ C*.Furthermore,the NRFC and DBC,TVMand FSR were all positively correlated(r=0.357*,0.329*),respectively.As the covariates,the growthfactors such as RSLF,DBC,DBFB(diameter at the base of FB),NCLF(number of compound leaves ofsingle FB)and TNLF(total number of
17、 leaflets of single FB)were all significantly and linearly re-gressed with the FBC and fruit quality of treated clusters.Specifically,the main covariates affecting thefruit-bearing were RSLF,TNLF,DBC and leaf color,and those affecting fruit quality were l_L*,l_h,l_C*,Rchl,DBFB,RLTB(ratio of the leng
18、th with leaflets to the total length of FB),and so on.(3)There was no interaction between block and treatment.Among the covariates,the RSLF,RLTB,leafletl_C*and so on had significant effects on the FBC or fruit quality between the block and treatment lev-els.The results of ANOVA(analysis of variance)
19、showed that the combined effects of fixed variables(block and treatment)and covariates contributed 40.1%-82.9%(R2100%)to the total differences be-tween the combinations,and all the covariates resulted from the main effect test had a significant im-pact on the concerned indexes,which meant there was
20、a statistical significance.The NRFC and FSRwere mainly affected by block(FBRT),and the FSR was also affected by treatment(INFC);MSF,EPRF and TSS contents were mainly affected by FBRT,and the appearance quality was also significant-ly affected by the LGMB.In addition,the estimated marginal means show
21、ed that as the FBRT and IN-FC increased,the MSF,EPRF and TSS content decreased,but the changes of FSR between the blockand treatment levels showed an opposite trend.Moreover,chromaticity quality of fruit under mediumlevel of FBRT and INFC was the best,showing bright yellow-green.【Conclusion】On the b
22、asis of 60-80 of INFC and 60%of FBRT with medium-strong tree vigor,it is a more scientific practice to adjustthe FBRT and INFC according to the actual tree vigor,DBC and TNLF,which can better balance the re-lationship between LGFB,fruit-bearing and quality of longan.In the aspect of field management
23、 duringthe flowering and fruiting period,especially for the high FBRT of trees,more attention in the aspect ofstrengthening fertilizer and irrigation management and controlling disease and insect pest should be1616,等:结果和果实品质的影响第8期疏花疏果是众多果树实现合理负载和提高果实品质的重要技术措施,也是克服果树大小年的重要栽培方法,因其效果显著而被广泛应用和研究1-4。龙眼(D
24、imocarpus longan Lour.)是典型的热带亚热带常绿果树,植株营养生长旺盛,坐果能力强,但大小年结果属性明显,具有“惜果不惜身”的结果特性。龙眼结果母枝顶芽成花,为圆锥状聚伞花序,花果量大,养分需求高;叶片为羽状复叶,小叶多,光合制造养分能力强,结果枝组与整株长势既相互影响,又相对独立。因此,构成龙眼单株挂果量的要素主要包括单株挂果(枝)率和单穗余果数,是疏花疏果时的2个重要参考指标。通过合理的疏花疏果,确定适应树势的单株挂果率和初始单穗果数,结合充足的肥水供应,可以使龙眼结果母枝营养生长与结果负载之间保持平衡,这对解决龙眼植株的高坐果率和大小年问题、提高果实品质和控制树势具有
25、重要意义5-6。龙眼春季花果期耐修剪,适度修剪后的新梢生长对果实发育影响较小,为通过疏花疏果调节植株负载提供了有利条件。目前,疏花疏果已经成为龙眼生产中的常规技术,合适的留花留果量不仅保证产量,更能显著增加单果质量和大小7-9,提高果实品质与耐贮性,提升商品价值10。许奇志等11研究了不同单株挂果率对水涨龙眼枝梢生长及产量的影响,给出了适宜单株挂果率和初始单穗果数的参考建议。刘淑仪等12研究了疏花保果对龙眼生长发育和果实品质的影响,认为疏花可以减少营养消耗,有效促进果实膨大发育,增进果肉中糖物质积累。韩冬梅等13在2016年以果期修剪、单株挂果率和初始单穗果数为试验因素,研究了其对龙眼生长和结
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- 负载 平衡 龙眼 结果 生长 果实 品质 影响
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