阳光玫瑰葡萄叶片黄化原因及矫正效果研究.pdf
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1、DOI:10.13925/ki.gsxb.20220595阳光玫瑰葡萄叶片黄化原因及矫正效果研究王绍祖1,樊秀彩1,张颖1,孙磊1,王冉2,姜建福1*,刘崇怀1*(1中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州 450009;2河南农业职业学院,河南中牟 451450)摘要:【目的】探寻阳光玫瑰葡萄叶片大面积普遍黄化的原因以及行之有效的矫正方案,为切实解决葡萄叶片黄化问题提供参考依据。【方法】以出现黄化症状的阳光玫瑰葡萄植株为材料,调查郑州地区24个黄化葡萄园,测定其理化指标以及土壤不同形态铁含量。分析土壤和叶片元素含量、FCR酶活性、根系铁含量以及根系活力的差异,初步确定叶片黄化的原因。以盆栽试验的方
2、法,用NaHCO3和NaOH处理后观察黄化情况,测定并分析叶片铁含量、FCR酶活性及根系铁含量的差异,进一步确定黄化的原因。设计3种矫正方案对黄化植株进行处理,通过观察复绿情况和叶片营养元素变化,验证叶片黄化的发生原因,探索可行的矫正方案。【结果】调查结果表明,所有园区土壤均呈碱性,且大部分黄化园区土壤有效铁并不缺乏,植株黄化程度与土壤pH值、EC值、有机质含量以及全铁和有效铁含量相关性均不显著。在大田试验中,黄化植株与正常植株的土壤均偏碱性,土壤中氮以硝态氮为主。黄化植株根际土壤中速效元素氮、磷、铁、铜、锌含量均显著低于正常植株的土壤,速效钾含量显著高于正常植株的土壤,二者土壤全铁含量差异不
3、显著。不同程度黄化叶片中氮、磷、钾、有效铁以及铜、锌的含量均显著低于正常植株。黄化植株根系中全铁含量显著高于正常植株。正常叶片全铁含量显著高于黄化叶片,不同程度的黄化叶片全铁含量随黄化程度增大而增加。黄化和正常植株根系活性无显著差异,黄化叶片FCR酶活性受到显著抑制。在盆栽试验中,NaHCO3溶液处理的植株叶片发生黄化,而用pH值为9的NaOH溶液处理的植株并未发生黄化现象。NaHCO3诱导发生黄化的植株根系铁含量、叶片铁以及FCR酶活性与大田试验结果相似,黄化植株根系铁大量积累,且显著高于正常植株,叶片FCR酶活性受到抑制,黄化叶片全铁含量显著高于正常叶片。矫正试验的3种方案处理后有不同程度
4、复绿,其中以根施铵肥配柠檬酸复绿效果最好,叶面喷施铁肥配柠檬酸次之,单纯叶面喷施柠檬酸较差。各处理复绿叶片中氮、磷、钾、锌、铜元素含量相较于黄化对照均有下降,但叶面喷施柠檬酸处理叶片中总铁含量依然高于根施铵肥配柠檬酸处理。【结论】由于土壤高pH值诱导,HCO3-和NO3-在土壤中大量积累,使根和叶中铁还原酶活性降低,植株对铁元素吸收和转运受到抑制,积累在根系和叶片质外体的铁元素不能顺利被还原转运到根细胞和叶肉细胞,最终导致阳光玫瑰叶片缺铁黄化。黄化矫正方案以根施铵肥和酸性物质、解除根系铁还原受到的抑制作用复绿效果最佳。关键词:阳光玫瑰葡萄;黄化原因;矫正;盆栽试验中图分类号:S663.1文献标
5、志码:A文章编号:1009-9980(2023)08-1703-14果树学报2023,40(8):1703-1716Journal of Fruit Science收稿日期:2022-10-30接受日期:2023-03-07基金项目:郑州市重大科技创新专项(ZGS202104);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-29-yc-1)作者简介:王绍祖,男,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为葡萄种质资源。Tel:15765962116,E-mail:*通信作者Author for correspondence.Tel:15824868197,E-mail:;Tel:13703939601,E-mai
6、l:Causes and correction efficacy of leaf chlorosis of Shine Muscat grapevineWANG Shaozu1,FAN Xiucai1,ZHANG Ying1,SUN Lei1,WANG Ran2,JIANG Jianfu1*,LIU Chong-huai1*(1Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China;2Henan VocationalCollege of Ag
7、riculture,Zhongmou 451450,Henan,China)Abstract:【Objective】The experiment was undertaken to explore the reasons for the widespread chloro-sis of Shine Muscat grape leaves and the effective correction scheme,so as to provide a reference basisfor solving the problem of grape leaf chlorosis.【Methods】Shi
8、ne Muscat grapevines with chloroticsymptoms were chosen as the materials,24 chlorotic vineyards in Zhengzhou were investigated,andtheir soil pH value,EC value,soil organic matter,soil iron and available iron contents were determined.Aiming at the same vineyard,the differences in soil and leaf elemen
9、t contents,FCR enzyme activityand root iron contents between chlorosis and normal grapevines were analyzed to explore the causes of果树学报第40卷leaf chlorosis.Pot experiment was used to treat potted seedlings with NaHCO3solution and NaOH solu-tion,respectively.The chlorosis was observed,and the leaf iron
10、 content,FCR enzyme activity and rootiron content of chlorotic plants were determined.The differences in above indexes between chloroticand normal grapevines were analyzed and compared with the conclusions in field experiments.Accord-ing to the conclusions of field and potted experiments,three corre
11、ction schemes were designed to dealwith etiolated plants.The causes of leaf chlorosis were verified and a feasible correction scheme wassuggested by observing the situation of green restoration and the changes of nutrient elements in leaves.【Results】The results of chlorosis investigation of Shine Mu
12、scat showed that the content of availableiron in most of the chlorosis vineyards was not low,and the degree of chlorosis was not significantlycorrelated with soil pH value,EC value,organic matter content,and total iron and available iron con-tents.In the field,the soils of chlorotic and normal grape
13、vines were alkaline,and the nitrogen elementsin the soil were mainly nitrate nitrogen.The contents of available nitrogen,phosphorus,iron,copperand zinc in soil of chlorosis grapevines were significantly lower than those of normal grapevines,whileavailable potassium was significantly higher than that
14、 of normal grapevines,but there was no signifi-cant difference in soil total iron content between them.The contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassi-um,available iron,copper and zinc in chlorotic leaves were significantly lower than those in normalgrapevines.The content of total iron in the roots of c
15、hlorotic grapevines was significantly higher thanthat of normal grapevines.The total iron content in normal leaves was significantly higher than that inchlorotic leaves,and the total iron content in chlorotic leaves increased with the increase of chlorosis,indicating that there was no iron deficienc
16、y in chlorotic grapevines.The upward transport of iron fromthe root and from the apoplast to the mesophyll cell was blocked,and iron accumulated in the apoplastof the root and leaf.There was no significant difference in root activity between chlorotic and normalgrapevines,but the activity of FCR enz
17、yme in chlorotic leaves was inhibited compared with normalleaves.In the pot experiment,chlorosis occurred in the grapevines treated with 90 mmolL-1NaHCO3solution,but not in the grapevines treated with NaOH solution with pH 9,indicating that the high pHvalue of soil is not the direct cause of chloros
18、is.The root iron content,leaf iron and FCR enzyme activi-ty of chlorotic grapevines induced by NaHCO3were similar to those in field experiments.Iron accumu-lation in chlorotic grapevine roots was significantly higher than that of normal grapevines,and the FCRenzyme activity of leaves was inhibited,a
19、nd the total iron content in chlorotic leaves was significantlyhigher than that in normal leaves.There were different degrees of green recovery after the treatments in-cluding three schemes in the correction experiment,which further verified that leaf chlorosis was relat-ed to HCO3-and NO3-.In the s
20、cheme,ammonium fertilizer combined with citric acid was the best,foliarspraying with iron fertilizer plus citric acid was second,and foliar spraying with citric acid was theworst.The contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,zinc and copper in the green leaves of eachtreatment were lower than those
21、of the chlorosis control,but the total iron content in leaves sprayedwith citric acid was still higher than that of ammonium fertilizer combined with citric acid.【Conclu-sion】Due to the induction of high pH value in soil,a large amount of HCO3-and NO3-accumulated inthe soil,which decreased the activ
22、ity of iron reductase in roots and leaves and inhibited the absorptionand transport of iron in grapevines,and the iron accumulated in the apoplast of roots and leaves couldnot be successfully reduced and transported to root cells and mesophyll cells,resulting in iron deficien-cy chlorosis in the lea
23、ves of Shine Muscat.The scheme of chlorosis correction by applying ammoniumfertilizer and acid to relieve the inhibition of iron reductase in roots has the best efficacyKey words:Shine-Muscat grapes;Cause of chlorosis;Correct;Pot experiment1704,等:阳光玫瑰葡萄叶片黄化原因及矫正效果研究第8期阳光玫瑰(Shine Muscat)葡萄属于二倍体欧美杂种(V
24、itis vinifera V.labrusca),果实具有外观美、香味浓、糖度高等优点,种植面积发展迅速。近年来,中国北方地区阳光玫瑰生理性黄化现象普遍发生,其症状主要表现为上部叶肉细胞失绿,而叶脉正常,严重时整株叶片黄化,甚至造成树体死亡1。目前叶片黄化已成为限制北方地区阳光玫瑰葡萄优质生产的重要因素之一。叶片黄化的原因有多种,环境因素、土壤条件、栽培管理、嫁接砧木、树体营养以及遗传背景等因素都可能导致叶片发生黄化。为了解决葡萄叶片黄化问题,前人对该现象发生机制做过一些探索,目前关注更多的是土壤环境因素引起有效铁含量降低以及冻害等因素造成根系发育不良等因素引起的叶片黄化2-3。露地百合叶片
25、黄化是植株缺乏氮、镁、铁、锌元素所致4,而核桃叶片黄化主要原因是缺乏氮、铁元素,且发生叶片黄化的植株产量下降50%70%5。葡萄叶片黄化现象多发生在中国北方地区,发生时间集中在花序生长期和开花期,中、轻度黄化植株在5月下旬到6月初开始逐渐复绿。随着阳光玫瑰种植面积不断扩大,叶片黄化现象对产业造成的影响日益凸显。目前,有关葡萄叶片黄化的研究多停留在土壤、叶片营养元素分析,并以此阐明黄化原因,对于更深层次的生理生化复杂过程的研究甚少。此外对黄化现象的矫正措施仍以施用硫酸亚铁为主,但由于碱性土壤中Fe2+很快会被氧化固定,效果并不理想。本研究在土壤和叶片营养元素分析的基础上,对阳光玫瑰黄化植株生理特
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- 阳光 玫瑰 葡萄 叶片 黄化 原因 矫正 效果 研究
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