同在屋檐下——彭州小石村整村改造建筑设计系列.pdf
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1、同在屋檐下彭州小石村整村改造建筑设计系列UNDER ONE ROOF:SERIES ARCHITECTURE DESIGN PROJECTS OF XIAOSHI VILLAGE IN PENGZHOU设计:时地建筑工作室地点:四川省彭州市Design:Studio Dali Architects Location:Pengzhou,Sichuan Province84特辑:文旅为媒,城乡共生 CulturalTourismasaCatalystforUrban-RuralSymbiosis小石村整体鸟瞰 Aerial view of Xiaoshi Village 存在建筑 Arch-Exi
2、st852022.12 建筑实践ArchitecturalPractice小石村距离成都市区 60km,处于四川盆地边缘、成都平原北侧龙门山脉上。这里平均气温比成都市区要低 35,湿度又远低于西边的青城山地区,非常适合夏季度假。自 20 世纪 60 年代开发煤矿后,此处一度成为区域经济的中心。20 世纪 90 年代后,小石村日渐萧条。2008 年汶川地震,整个村子基本被震毁,煤矿也坍塌了,经济失去支柱。震后重建后,村子里的年轻人和中年人大多选择外出务工,乡村逐渐空心化。此外,土地资源利用也是小石村乡村社区发展中常见的问题。一方面,集体土地指标有限,难以大量用于可运营的项目;另一方面,乡村由于空
3、心化,村民的房屋常面临使用不足或者空置的问题,而土地流转和重新安置又需要大量的成本。如何盘活乡村的闲置资源?如何利用好当地的旅游度假资源,从而增加村民和村集体的收入?共享民宿项目是以共享方式解决此类问题的一个微型样本。项目的发起是村集体提出对 4 户独栋民宅做出改造。这 4 户独栋 2 层小楼中每户只有一两位老人生活,二层的空间长期闲置。具体的改造方式是,村集体出面将二层空间整体租下并投资进行民宿改造,引进第三方民宿品牌进驻统一运营,村民以空间入股,运营业主彭州市金城社区主持设计师李烨设计团队张寻、杨丽君社区治理顾问岳付飞基地面积716 m2建筑面积室内改造面积:330 m2设计周期2019.
4、62019.7建造周期2019.102020.12小石记山宿(共享民宿)The Shared Homestay 公司、村集体和原住户三方以 4:3:3 的比例对收益进行分成。共享民宿的建筑设计从空间入手,解决村民与外来住客的矛盾,同时创造出共享共用的空间。首先利用场地原本的高差,增加楼梯、围墙和植物,将 4 户围合,形成一个长条形的院子,为游客提供相对安全的环境,同时营造出微型共享空间的氛围。院子中每两户之间的通道单独架设一个楼梯,使村民和住客的流线分开,保证彼此不受干扰,提升空间私密性。同时,在每栋楼的一层增加一个连续的瓦屋檐,为楼下村民增加了日常生活的灰空间,也减轻上下楼的干扰,保证双方视
5、觉的独立性。在这个空间下原住民可以和外来客沟通交流,也可通过为住客提供餐食创造额外的收益。共享民宿延续了“同在屋檐下”生产生活的文化记忆传承,同时解决了劳动力闲置和土地资源共享的问题。建筑师希望这种空间、生活和情感的多重共享模式可以带来真正的民宿体验,并将“乡村家”的体验从私人领域向公共领域延伸。这种上下楼特有的“人情味”通过空间潜入人心,同时也创造了生人社会与熟人社会的交流场所,为城乡文化互通提供了一个机会。小石记山宿 The Shared Homestay 存在建筑 Arch-Exist86特辑:文旅为媒,城乡共生 CulturalTourismasaCatalystforUrban-Ru
6、ralSymbiosis改造前一层平面图 First floor plan before renovation改造后一层平面图 First floor plan after renovation改造前二层平面图 Second floor plan before renovation改造后二层平面图 Second floor plan after renovation1114555444622221112211111113331111333351 卧室2 客厅3 卫生间4 厨房5 储藏间6 餐厅7 书房8 阳台1 Bedroom2 Living room3 Washroom4 Kitchen5
7、Storage6 Dining room7 Study8 Balcony11122221111111118881333333373211134555544463330125mN872022.12 建筑实践ArchitecturalPracticeCLIENTJinchengCommunity,PengzhouCHIEF ARCHITECTLIYeDESIGN TEAMZHANGXun,YANGLijunCONSULTANT OF COMMUNITY GOVERNANCEYUEFufeiSITE AREA716m2GROSS FLOOR AREAIndoorrenovationarea:330m
8、2DESIGN PERIOD2019.62019.7CONSTRUCTION PERIOD2019.102020.12Xiaoshi Village is 60 km away from the urban area of Chengdu,located at the edge of the Sichuan Basin,on the Longmen Mountain in the north of Chengdu Plain.Its average temperature is 35 lower than Chengdu urban area,and the humidity is much
9、lower than the Qingcheng Mountain area in the west,which is very suitable for summer vaca-tion.Since the development of coal mines in the 1960s,this village has become the center of the regional economy.After the 1990s,Xiaoshi Village began to become increasingly depressed.In the 2008 Wenchuan earth
10、quake,the entire village was basically destroyed,the coal mine collapsed,and the economy lost its mainstay.After the reconstruc-tion,most of the young and middle-aged in the village chose to go out to work.Moreover,the use of land resources is a common problem in the development of rural communities
11、.On the one hand,the collective land quota is limit-ed.There is insufficient land for development.On the other hand,there is often lack of use and even vacancy of villagers houses due to labor hollow-ing of the community,while the land transfer and resettlement of villagers require significant costs
12、.How to revitalize idle rural assets and how to make good use of local tourism resources to increase villagers and villages collective income?The Shared Homestay project is a miniature example of a shared approach to solving this kind of problems.The project was initiated when the village collec-tiv
13、e proposed to renovate 4 single-family houses,each of which had only 1 or 2 elderly person(s)living in the small 2-storey buildings,with the space on the second floor left unused for a long time.The specific renovation method is that the village collective will rent out the entire second floor and i
14、nvest in the renovation of the homestay,introduce a third-party B&B brand to move in and operate it,and the villagers will take a stake in the space,with the 3 parties sharing the proceeds in a 4:3:3 ratio.The design of the Shared Homestay is a spa-tial solution to the conflict between villagers and
15、 foreign residents,while creating a shared space.Firstly,the original height difference of the site is used to add stairs,fences and plants to form a long courtyard for the 4 households,providing a rela-tively safe environment for visitors while creating an atmosphere of a miniature shared community
16、.A separate staircase is erected in the courtyard between each 2 households to separate the circu-lation of villagers and residents and to ensure their privacy.Meanwhile,a continuous tiled eave is added to the ground floor of each building to increase the gray space for the villagers in their daily
17、lives and to reduce the interference of going up and downstairs,ensuring the visual privacy of both parties.This space allows the indigenous people to communi-cate with newcomers,and also creates a additional income for the residents by providing meals.The Shared Homestay project continues the cultu
18、ral memory of living and working under one roof,while solving the problem of idle labor and shared land resources.Architects hope that this multiple sharing of space,life and emotion will lead to a true homestay-ish experience and extend the“country home”experience from the private to the public sph
19、ere.The unique“human touch”of the up-and-downstairs is embedded in peoples hearts and minds through the space,while creating a place of exchange between the society of the stranger and the acquaintance,providing a chance for cultural interchange between urban and rural areas.屋檐下的生活空间 Living space un
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