海南长臂猿现有天然林栖息地与松树林潜在栖息地的植物物种多样性比较.pdf
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1、doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220331海南长臂猿现有天然林栖息地与松树林潜在栖息地的植物物种多样性比较*柳帅1张德旭2张安安2李哲2龙文兴1,2,3臧润国4张志东5陈远2冯广2陈玉凯6(1.海南大学生态与环境学院海口 570228;2.海南大学林学院海口 570228;3.海南国家公园研究院海口 570228;4.中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所国家林业和草原局森林生态环境重点实验室北京 100091;5.河北农业大学林学院保定 071001;6.海南师范大学生命科学学院海口 571158)摘要:【目的】比较相同海拔海南长臂猿现有天然林栖息地与
2、松树林潜在栖息地的林分结构、植物物种组成及多样性,探究二者生境质量差异,科学评估松树人工林恢复状况,为海南长臂猿种群生态空间扩展奠定基础。【方法】以海南热带雨林国家公园霸王岭片区海拔 400800 m 区域长臂猿现有天然林栖息地和松树林潜在栖息地为对象,参照CTFS 规范在 2 种生境分别建立 59 个 400 m2样方,调查并分析 2 种类型生境内林分结构、森林植物及长臂猿食源植物的多样性特征及其差异。【结果】共调查到天然林栖息地植物 93 科 259 属 450 种,其中食源植物 43 科 70 属 86 种,茜草科植物占优势;松树林潜在栖息地植物 74 科 186 属 301 种,其中食
3、源植物 29 科 46 属 60 种,山茶科植物占优势。天然林栖息地森林的树木平均胸径 6.305.90 cm、平均树高 6.024.92 m、平均冠幅5.2112.52 m2、平均冠层厚度 2.101.65 m 和植株密度 6 1361 930 株hm2,这些林分结构因子均高于松树林潜在栖息地(平均胸径 5.194.19 cm,平均树高5.043.38 m,平均冠幅 2.877.75 m2,平均冠层厚度 1.991.62 m,植株密度 5 5171 901 株hm2);随着径级和树高增大,松树林潜在栖息地森林的树木密度相较天然林栖息地明显减少。在整体尺度上,天然林栖息地内森林群落植物物种的S
4、hannon-Wiener 指数与丰富度指数最高(H=4.37,S=452);松树林潜在栖息地内大型食源植物物种 Shannon-Wiener 指数与丰富度指数最低(H=4.37,S=452),但均匀度指数最高(E=0.83)。在 20 m20 m 样方尺度上,天然林栖息地不同类型植物的物种丰富度均显著高于松树林潜在栖息地(森林群落植物:t=4.72,P=0.02;食源植物:t=4.61,P=0.01;小型食源植物:t=2.03,P=0.02),大型食源植物 Shannon-Wiener 指数及物种丰富度指数均极显著高于松树林潜在栖息地(Shannon-Wiener 指数:t=5.03,P0.
5、001;物种丰富度:t=4.58,P0.001)。2 种生境间的森林群落植物相似性在科水平上最高(CJ=0.76);在物种水平上以小型食源植物最高(CJ=0.67),大型食源植物最低(CJ=0.31);植物物种 多样性差异为大型食源植物(F=1.64,P森林群落植物(F=48.10,P食源植物(F=7.72,P=0.01)小型食源植物(F=7.72,P=0.01)。【结论】与天然林栖息地相比,松树林潜在栖息地缺乏适合海南长臂猿夜宿的大型阔叶乔木和大型食源植物,森林群落植物和大型食源植物的物种多样性显著低于天然林栖息地,目前不能满足海南长臂猿种群的生存需求;但松树林内小型食源植物的物种组成与天然
6、林栖息地相近,具有发展成为长臂猿栖息地的潜力;大型食源植物是当前松树林潜在栖息地恢复所需的生态关键种。关键词:海南长臂猿;松树林;林分结构;植物物种多样性;食源植物;栖息地中图分类号:S718.54文献标识码:A文章编号:10017488(2023)07011513Comparison of Plant Species Diversity between the Existing Natural Forest Habitat of HainanGibbons and the Potential Habitat in Pine ForestLiu Shuai1Zhang Dexu2Zhang A
7、nan2Li Zhe2Long Wenxing1,2,3Zang Runguo4Zhang Zhidong5Chen Yuan2Feng Guang2Chen Yukai6(1.College of Ecology and Environment,Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228;2.College of Forestry,Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228;3.Hainan NationalPark Research InstituteHaikou 570228;4.Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and
8、 Environment of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationForestEcology and Nature Conservation Institute,Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091;5.College of Forestry,Agriculture University of HebeiBaoding071001;6.College of Life Sciences,Hainan Normal UniversityHaikou 571158)Abstract:【Object
9、ive】Understanding of the habitat quality of Hainan gibbons (Nomascus hainanus)is crucial to its 收稿日期:20220514;修回日期:20230308。基金项目:国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金重点项目(U22A20503);海南国家公园研究院资助项目(HD-KYH-2021001)。*龙文兴为通讯作者。第 59 卷 第 7 期林业科学 Vol.59,No.72 0 2 3 年 7 月SCIENTIA SILVAE SINICAEJul.,2 0 2 3population conservati
10、on.Therefore,this study aims to compare the differences in stand structure,plant species composition anddiversity between the current habitat of Hainan gibbons in the natural forest and the potential habitat in the pine forest at the samealtitude,and to explore the differences in habitat quality bet
11、ween the two types of habitats,which could help to scientificallyevaluate the restoration status of pine forest and finally lay a theoretical foundation for the ecological space expansion of Hainangibbons.【Method】The existing natural forest habitat of gibbons and the potential habitat of pine forest
12、 in the Bawangling area ofHainan tropical rainforest national park at an altitude of 400-800 m were targeted.Based on the CTFS(center for tropical forestscience)plot construction standard,a total of 59 plots with each area of 400 m2 were set in the two habitats.The diversitycharacteristics and diffe
13、rences of stand structure,forest plants and gibbons edible plants in the two types of habitats wereinvestigated and analyzed.【Result】A total of 450 plant species in 93 families and 259 genera were found in the current naturalforest habitats,including 86 edible plant species of 43 families and 70 gen
14、era which were mainly composed of Rubiaceae taxa.Whereas a total of 301 plant species in 74 families,and 186 genera were found in the pine forest,including 60 species of edibleplants in 29 families,and 46 genera,with Camellia species being dominant.The stand structure factors of forest community pla
15、ntsin the natural forest habitats,such as the mean DBH(6.30 cm5.90 cm),the mean tree height(6.024.92 m),mean crown area(5.2112.52 m),mean crown thickness(2.101.65 m),and plant density(6 1361 930 plantshm2),were all greater than those inthe pine forest potential habitats(mean DBH 5.194.19 cm,mean tre
16、e height 5.043.38 m,mean crown area 2.877.75 m,meancanopy thickness 1.991.62 m,and plant density 5 5171 901 plantshm2).With the increase in diameter class and tree height,thetree density in the pine forest reduced more significantly than that in the natural forest.At the overall scale,the Shannon-Wi
17、enerindex and richness index of forest community plant species in the natural forest habitat were the highest(H=4.37,S=452).TheShannon-Wiener index and richness index of large edible plant species in the pine forest potential habitat was the lowest(H=4.37,S=452),while the evenness index was the high
18、est(E=0.83).At the scale of 20 m20 m plot,the plant species richness index ofnatural forest habitat was significantly higher than that of the pine forest potential habitat(Forest community plants:t=4.72,P=0.02;Edible plants:t=4.61,P=0.01;Small edible plants:t=2.03,P=0.02),while the Shannon-Wiener in
19、dex and richness indexof large edible plants of the pine forest potential habitats were extremely significantly lower than those of the natural forest habitats(Shannon-Wiener index:t=5.03,P 0.001;richness index:t=4.58,P 0.001).The similarity of the community plants between thetwo habitats was the hi
20、ghest at the family level(CJ=0.76).At the species level,the similarity of small edible plants was the highest(CJ=0.67),while that of large edible plants was the lowest(CJ=0.31).The order of the difference in plant beta diversity betweenthe two habitats was large edible plants(F=1.64,P forest communi
21、ty plants(F=48.10,P edible plants(F=7.72,P=0.01)small edible plants(F=7.72,P=0.01).【Conclusion】Compared with the natural forest habitat,the pine forest potentialhabitat does not only lack large broad-leaved trees and also large edible plants which are suitable for Hainan gibbons to inhabit,butthe pl
22、ant species diversity is also significantly lower than the natural forest habitats.Thus,the survival needs of Hainan gibbonscould not be met in the pine forest habitats for the time being.Nevertheless,the species composition and diversity of small edibleplants in the pine forest potential habitats a
23、re similar to that of the natural forest habitats,which shows that there is potential for thepine forest potential habitats to be developed into Hainan gibbons habitat.While large edible plants are the key ecological speciesfor the current restoration of the pine forests potential habitats.Key words
24、:Nomascus hainanus;pine forest;stand structure;plant species diversity;edible plant;habitat 全球范围内长臂猿分 4 属 20 种,其中 5 种为“极度濒危”、14 种为“濒危”(IUCN,2022),相比其他大型猿类,对长臂猿的研究和保护远远不够(Estrada etal.,2017;Fan et al.,2017)。长臂猿主要栖息在东南亚天然热带雨林(Estrada et al.,2017),热带雨林丰富的生物多样性、强大的生态系统功能为长臂猿提供了良好的生态供给(Deng et al.,2017;臧
25、润国等,2019)。20 世纪以来,广泛的人类活动和全球气候变化导致热带雨林遭受严重破坏和破碎化(Laurance et al.,2011;Zhang et al.,2010),大面积原始林栖息地退化为质量低下的栖息地,是灵长类(Primates)动物种群数量下降的重要原因(Arroyo-Rodriguez et al.,2010;Rodeet al.,2006)。这些退化栖息地主要为人工林和退化次生林(Arroyo-Rodriguez et al.,2006),其植物物种组成和群落结构对长臂猿的生态供给远不如原始林栖息地(Zhang et al.,2018),一方面栖息地内长臂猿可利用的植物
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- 海南 长臂猿 现有 天然林 栖息 松树 潜在 植物 物种 多样性 比较
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