桃抗再植病障碍砧木中桃抗砧1号的选育.pdf
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1、DOI:10.13925/ki.gsxb.20230282桃抗再植病障碍砧木中桃抗砧1号的选育王力荣,王新卫,朱更瑞,方伟超,陈昌文,曹珂,李勇,吴金龙,王玲玲,牛棚(中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州 450009)摘要:中桃抗砧1号是中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所经过40 a(年)优异种质发掘、杂交育种和多区多点试验等研究,育成的桃多抗砧木新品种,亲本为96-7-6(红寿星乐园)与红根甘肃桃1号。中桃抗砧1号树势健壮,树姿半开张,具有抗桃树再植障碍、抗土壤南方根结线虫、耐旱、耐贫瘠等特点,与各种桃品种嫁接亲和性好,苗木整齐、健壮,建立了其无性繁殖技术体系,在桃产业可持续发展方面有广阔应用前景
2、。关键词:桃;多抗砧木;中桃抗砧1号;抗再植障碍;抗南方根结线虫中图分类号:S662.1文献标志码:A文章编号:1009-9980(2023)08-1766-05A replantation disease resistant new peach rootstock cultivar Zhong TaoKang Zhen No.1WANG Lirong,WANG Xinwei,ZHU Gengrui,FANG Weichao,CHEN Changwen,CAO Ke,LI Yong,WU Jinlong,WANG Lingling,NIU Peng(Zhengzhou Fruit Resear
3、ch Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China)Abstract:Due to the short economic life of peach trees,most peach orchards require annual renewal.Thus,we need to overcome the obstacles of peach tree replanting disease.At the same time,we alsolack of asexual resista
4、nt rootstocks for standardized orchard establishment in the peach industry.Westarted the breeding program of multi-resistance rootstock since the 1980s.Through multi-generationhybridizations,a replantation disease and Meloidogyne incognita resistant rootstock was released.Zhong Tao Kang Zhen No.1 is
5、 a multi-resistance rootstock cultivar,selected from the population be-tween 96-7-6 and Hong Gen Gan Su Tao 1 that were crossed in 1999.The female parent 96-7-6 comesfrom the population Beijing 2-7 Le Yuan crossed in 1996,and Hong Gen Gan Su Tao 1 was selectedfrom wild resources of Prunus kansuensis
6、 in 1981.The female parent Beijing 2-7 were selected fromthe seedlings of the cross population of Hakuho Hong Shou Xing.The Zhong Tao Kang Zhen No.1has 34.23%long bearing branches,27.93%medium bearing branches,30.63%short bearing branches,0.90%bouquet bearing branches,and 6.31%apprentice bearing bra
7、nches;annual flowering brancheshave medium anthocyanin color development,6.07 mm flowering branch thickness,60.5 flower budsper m,and 2.20 cm internode length.The chilling requirement is about 400 h.In Zhengzhou,floweringstarts around 12 March,with an early flowering period that lasts 10 days.The fl
8、owers are showy,withorange-red anthers and lots of pollen,and are self-compatibility.The fruit matures at mid to late Julyand the shape is round with little color,acidic flavor and free stone.Zhong Tao Kang Zhen No.1 hasgood grafting compatibility with various peach varieties,high root resistance to
9、 replanting disorders andsouthern root knot nematodes,and is drought and infertile tolerant.It has strong resistance to replantingobstacles in both sandy and clayey heavy crops and is characterized by fast growth,vigorous growth,收稿日期:2023-07-13接受日期:2023-08-06基金项目:河南省重大公益专项(201300110500);中国农业科学院科技创新工
10、程(CAAS-ASTIP-2023-ZFRI-01);国家桃产业技术体系(CARS-30-1-04)作者简介:王力荣,女,研究员,博士,从事桃种质资源与遗传育种研究。Tel:0371-55906989,E-mail:果树学报2023,40(8):1766-1770Journal of Fruit Science,等:桃抗再植病障碍砧木中桃抗砧1号的选育第8期non-yellowing leaves and a well-developed root system,with no significant effects on fruit,shape ap-pearance and flavor.
11、From 2010 to 2016,Zhong Tao Kang Zhen No.1 was used as rootstock to graftZhong Nong Jin Hui,Zhong You Jin Ming,Zhong Pan 11,Zhong You Pan 7 and Zhong Tao Jin Kui.The grafted parts are smooth,with good affinity.And 2019 to 2020,Zhong Tao Kang Zhen No.1 wasused to graft more than 900 germplasm(includi
12、ng peach,plum and apricot)preserved in the Nationalfruit germplasm repository in Zhengzhou,all of which showed good grafting compatibility and smoothhealing at the grafting site.In the spring of 2010,Zhong Nong Jin Hui was grafted by rootstocks ofZhong Tao Kang Zhen No.1,Xinjiang Mao Tao and GF677.I
13、n the second year after planting,ZhongTao Kang Zhen No.1 was able to bear fruit,and in the third year it was productive,with a yield of 1760kg per 666.7 square meters,while Xinjiang Mao Tao rootstock only have a maximum yield of 830 kgper 666.7 square meters in the third year.Zhong Tao Kang Zhen No.
14、1 and seedlings of Xinjiang MaoTao rootstocks were used to identify resistance to nematodes for two consecutive years in 2019 and2020.The results show that Zhong Tao Kang Zhen No.1 was not damaged by nematodes.Zhong TaoKang Zhen No.1 is an interspecific hybrid needs to be propagated asexually by cut
15、tings and tissue cul-ture.The results of comparative rootstocks and regional trials show that Zhong Tao Kang Zhen No.1 isa rootstock that is resistant to both peach replanting disease.It has good grafting compatibility with vari-ous peach varieties and can be used for replanting old peach orchards.H
16、owever,attention should bepaid to controlling the vigorous growth of grafted cultivars to achieve early and abundant yield.Key words:Peach;Multi-resistance rootstock;Zhong Tao Kang Zhen No.1;Replantation disease resis-tance;Meloidogyne incognita resistance桃树经济寿命1518 a(年),原址更新再植障碍病严重,主要表现为树体生长缓慢,叶片黄化
17、,根癌病、根结线虫病较为严重。我国桃栽培面积89.0 万 hm2,每年都有相当面积的老桃园需要更新1。通过选育抗再植病桃砧木品种,克服桃树再植障碍,助力老桃园更新,支撑桃产业可持续发展。同时,通过无性繁殖的桃抗性砧木应用,解决桃产业标准化建园的无性系砧木缺乏问题,实现果园管理的标准化、机械化和省力化,提高桃产业市场竞争力。1选育过程中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所1980年从甘肃庆阳收集了一批野生种质资源,1981年开始在抗性鉴定圃开始抗性鉴定,1985年开始进行盆栽控制性试验2-3;其后一系列的研究发现红根甘肃桃1号对南方根结线虫免疫,并呈现主效基因控制的显性遗传特点4;红寿星桃对南方根结线虫高
18、抗且对桃蚜高抗5。后期研究表明,红根甘肃桃1号对根癌病具有一定抗性6-8。1996年利用红寿星桃的后代北京2-7与乐园杂交,获得优株96-7-6;1999年以96-7-6为母本,以红根甘肃桃1号为父本杂交,获得其后代实生苗33株;2000年定植在郑州果树研究所白桃园(重茬2次),同时种植的还有1999年杂交实生苗1500多株。当年冬天发现有1株长势健壮,较同期其他植株明显粗壮,暂命名为旺株2号。2010年挖取旺株2号进行根接试验,同时选取新疆毛桃、红花山桃、红根甘肃桃1号等实生砧木为对照,统一嫁接早熟油桃品种中农金辉,并栽植在沙壤重茬地,进行12 a砧木比较试验;数据分析结果表明旺株2号在重茬
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