基于碳效的绿色普惠金融产品研发及示范项目结题报告.pdf
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1、 基于碳效的绿色普惠金融产品研发基于碳效的绿色普惠金融产品研发 及示范项目及示范项目 结题报告结题报告 浙江省经济信息中心(浙江省价格研究所)2022 年 5 月 I 执行摘要 随着我国碳达峰碳中和目标的提出,绿色转型成为助推经济高质量发展的强大引擎。2022 年 4 月,人行召开电视会议明确提出,要以支持绿色低碳发展为主线,深化转型金融研究,实现绿色金融与转型金融的有效衔接,注重绿色金融、普惠金融融合发展。浙江省民营经济占比大、小微企业数量众多,且大都分布于传统制造行业,在提质增效、转型发展的过程中,面临着更大的挑战,绿色融资需求也更为迫切。在“双碳”背景下,用金融手段助力小微企业绿色低碳转
2、型,减少企业绿色融资成本,增加绿色资金的获得性,将成为全省绿色低碳发展的重要突破口。基于小微企业绿色融资难、转型压力大的现状,本报告旨在建立以碳效为核心的绿色普惠金融量化评估工具,在综合考量企业碳排放状况、经济效益、环境效益、绿色管理机制等因素的基础上,通过绿色信息评估模型和碳效评价模型,将企业的碳效表现纳入银行等金融机构评估体系,使金融机构能够使用标准化的工具,识别企业碳排放水平,将信贷资源向这些企业倾斜,实现银行资产投资的低碳化转型。同时,让绿色金融惠及小微经济体,积极引导中小型制造业开展低碳生产,在产业低碳转型上形成市场化的推动机制。本项目的主要研究成果如下:II 1.本研究构建了一套模
3、型,来验证小微企业的财务真实本研究构建了一套模型,来验证小微企业的财务真实性和企业绿色性。性和企业绿色性。本研究经统计分析、数据验证、实测对比,构建了可靠且具有实际意义的模型。以单位产量能耗、单位产量排污等行业特征值为切入点,通过分析小微企业用能情况、排污情况与生产经营情况的关联性,形成企业绿色信息评估模型,可为银行提供核额参考;利用企业用能情况、行业特征、绿色运营、绿色管理等指标形成碳效评估模型,经验证,企业绿色等级结果与工业碳效码分档情况相符,可为银行提供企业分类参考和利率参考。2.研究形成了一套标准统一的支持工具,用于辅助金融研究形成了一套标准统一的支持工具,用于辅助金融机构开展绿色普惠
4、金融工作。机构开展绿色普惠金融工作。为了研究成果可以更高效、便捷地支持金融机构实际操作,研究将涉及的数据与材料进行指标化梳理,结合银行业金融机构和小微企业实际情况制作了企业绿色信息尽调指南,为银行工作人员采集、验证相关数据和信息提供简明易行的操作指引。同时,形成了便于操作的数字化产品,只需录入通过尽职调查获取的企业数据,就能直接得到绿色信息评估模型和碳效评价模型的评级结果。3.研究设计了一套适用于小微企业的绿色普惠金融产研究设计了一套适用于小微企业的绿色普惠金融产品,以便更好地调动金融要素配置。品,以便更好地调动金融要素配置。本项目结合浙江省工业碳效码应用实际和碳效评价模 III 型评价结果,
5、设计了三类面向小微企业的绿色普惠信贷产品,即:面向低碳高效企业的绿色企业普惠贷款、面向高碳行业亟需低碳转型企业的低碳转型贷款、面向拥有碳效提升空间企业的低碳发展贷款,并通过绿色信息评估模型,为数据有效性和真实性提供保障,对浙江省开展绿色金融普惠相关工作有重要参考意义。同时,研究提出的绿色信息评估模型、碳效评价模型配合相关支持工具,在贷前准入授信核额场景以及贷后日常检查的风险预警场景进行运用,可为银行监测、核算、评估信贷资金的环境效益和风险提供技术支持。I Executive Summary Green transformation has become a powerful engine fo
6、r high-quality economic development with the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutralization.In April 2022,the Peoples Bank of China held a video conference and clearly stated that it is necessary to focus on supporting green and low-carbon development,deepen the research on transforming finance,reali
7、ze the effective connection between green finance and transforming finance,and focus on the integrated development of green finance and inclusive finance.Zhejiang Province has a large proportion of the private economy and a large number of micro and small enterprises(MSE).And most of MSE belong to t
8、he traditional manufacturing industry.They are facing grate challenges and the need for green financing is urgent in the process of improving quality,efficiency,transformation and development.Under the background of carbon peak and carbon neutralization,using financial means to help MSE in green and
9、 low-carbon transformation,reducing the cost of green financing for enterprises,and increasing the availability of green funds will become an important breakthrough for green and low-carbon development in Zhejiang Province.II The report is based on the current situation of difficult green financing
10、and great transformation pressure for MSE.And it aims to establish a quantitative evaluation tool for green inclusive finance with carbon efficiency as the core,and comprehensively consider the carbon emission status,economic benefits,environmental benefits,and green management mechanisms of enterpr
11、ises.On the basis of above factors,through the green information evaluation model and carbon efficiency evaluation model,the carbon efficiency performance of enterprises is included in the evaluation system of financial institutions such as banks.So that financial institutions can use standardized t
12、ools to identify the carbon emission level of enterprises,and transfer credit resources to the evaluation system.These enterprises are inclined to realize the low-carbon transformation of bank asset investment.At the same time,the project enables green finance to benefit MSE,actively guides MSE to c
13、arry out low-carbon production,and forms a market-oriented promotion mechanism for low-carbon industrial transformation.The main research results of this project are as follows:1.The research has built a set of models to verify the financial authenticity and corporate greenness of MSE.Through statis
14、tical analysis,data verification and actual III measurement comparison,the research has constructed a reliable and practical model.We took industry characteristics such as energy consumption per unit output and pollutant discharge per unit output as the breakthrough point,analyzed the correlation be
15、tween energy consumption,pollutant discharge and production and operation of MSE.Then formed an enterprise green information evaluation model,which can provide a reference for banks to verify the amount.We formed a carbon efficiency evaluation model by using enterprise energy consumption,industry ch
16、aracteristics,green operation,green management and other indicators.It has been verified that the green grade results of enterprises were consistent with the classification of industrial carbon efficiency codes.And the results of carbon efficiency evaluation model could provide banks with enterprise
17、 classification reference and interest rates reference.2.The research has formed a set of standard and unified support tools to assist financial institutions in carrying out green inclusive finance work.In order to make the research results more efficient and convenient to support the actual operati
18、on of financial institutions,the data and materials involved in the research are sorted out and indexed.And the Guidelines for Corporate Green Information IV Due Diligence were produced in combination with the actual conditions of banking financial institutions and MSE.Bank staff collect and verify
19、relevant data and information to provide simple and easy operation guidelines.At the same time,the research formed a digital product that is easy to operate.The rating results of the green information evaluation model and the carbon efficiency evaluation model could be directly obtained by simply en
20、tering the enterprise data obtained through due diligence.3.The research has designed a set of green inclusive financial products suitable for MSE in order to better mobilize the allocation of financial factors.Based on the actual application of industrial carbon efficiency codes in Zhejiang Provinc
21、e and the evaluation results of the carbon efficiency evaluation model,this project designed three types of green inclusive credit products for MSE.The three green loans are:green enterprise inclusive loans for low-carbon and high-efficiency enterprises,low-carbon transformation loans for high-carbo
22、n industries urgently need low-carbon transformation enterprises,and low-carbon development loans for enterprises with carbon efficiency improvement space.The research provided guarantee for the validity and authenticity of data through the green information evaluation model.It had V important refer
23、ence significance for the development of green financial inclusion in Zhejiang Province.At the same time,the green information evaluation model and carbon efficiency evaluation model proposed in the study together with relevant support tools,could be used in the scenario of pre-loan access credit ap
24、proval and the risk early warning scenarios of post-loan daily inspection.It can provide technical support for banks to monitor,calculate and evaluate the environmental benefits and risks of credit funds.I 目录 一、项目背景与研究思路.1(一)“双碳”背景下的绿色金融发展与需求.1(二)研究目的与思路.4 二、构建绿色信息评估模型与碳效模型.8(一)特征分析.8(二)绿色信息评估模型.9(三
25、)碳效评价模型.25 三、开发标准化的绿色普惠金融支持工具.34(一)构建一体化指标体系.34(二)形成规范化工作流程.36(三)打造数字化工具产品.37 四、设计基于碳效的绿色普惠金融产品.41(一)评价模型和工具应用特点.41(二)基于碳效的绿色普惠金融产品设计.42(三)实践落地与预期成效.48 五、总结与展望.52(一)总结.52(二)展望.54 附件:.56 1 一、项目背景与研究思路(一)“双碳”背景下的绿色金融发展与需求 金融是现代经济的血液,是提振经济的关键变量,对推进经济发展具有乘数效应。绿色金融最初源起于传统金融业务的绿色化转型,早在 20 世纪 70 年代,西方发达经济体
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