全球太空对抗能力报告(英).pdf
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1、 G L O B A LC O U N TE R S P A C E C A P A BI L I T I E S An Open Source Assessment04 2024iGLOBAL COUNTERSPACE CAPABILITIES A B O U TS E C U R E W O R L DF O U N D AT I O NSecure World Foundation(SWF)is a private operating foundation that promotes cooperative solutions for space sustainability and t
2、he peaceful uses of outer space.The mission of the Secure World Foundation is to work with governments,industry,international organizations,and civil society to develop and promote ideas and actions to achieve the secure,sustainable,and peaceful uses of outer space benefiting Earth and all its peopl
3、es.Global Counterspace Capabilities 2024 by Secure World Foundation is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International.To view a copy of this license,visit http:/creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0iiSECURE WORLD FOUNDATION 04/2024Dr.Brian Weeden is the Chief Program Officer for Secure
4、World Foundation and has more than two decades of professional experience in space operations and policy.Dr.Weeden directs strategic planning for future-year projects to meet the Foundations goals and objectives,and conducts research on space debris,global space situational awareness,space traffic m
5、anagement,protectionof space assets,and space governance.Dr.Weeden also organizes national and international workshops to increase awareness of and facilitate dialogue on space security,stability,and sustainability topics.He is a member and former Chair of the World Economic Forums Global Future Cou
6、ncil on Space Technologies,a former member of the Advisory Committee on Commercial Remote Sensing(ACCRES)to the National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration(NOAA),and the Executive Director of the Consortium forExecution of Rendezvous and Servicing Operations(CONFERS).Prior to joining SWF,Dr.Weede
7、n served nine years on active duty as an officer in the United States Air Force working in space and intercontinental ballistic missile(ICBM)operations.As part of US Strategic Commands Joint Space Operations Center(JSpOC),Dr.Weeden directed the orbital analyst training program and developed tactics,
8、techniques and procedures for improving space situational awareness.Respected and recognized as an international expert,Dr.Weedens research and analysis have been featured in The New York Times,The Washington Post,National Public Radio,USA Today,The BBC,Fox News,China Radio International,The Economi
9、st,The World Economic Forums Annual Meeting in Davos,academic journals,presentations to the United Nations,and testimony before the US Congress.A BO U T T H EE DI T O RSDr.Brian Weeden Chief Program OfficeriiiGLOBAL COUNTERSPACE CAPABILITIES Ms.Victoria Samson is the Chief Director,Space Security an
10、d Stability forSecure World Foundation and has over 25 years of experience in military space and security issues.Before joining SWF,Ms.Samson served as a Senior Analyst for the Center for Defense Information(CDI),where she leveraged her expertise in missile defense,nuclear reductions,and space secur
11、ity issues to conduct in-depth analysis and media commentary.Prior to her time at CDI,Ms.Samson wasthe Senior Policy Associate at the Coalition to Reduce Nuclear Dangers,a consortium of arms control groups in the Washington,D.C.area,where she worked with Congressional staffers,members of the media,e
12、mbassy officials,citizens,and think-tanks on issues surrounding dealing with national missile defense and nuclear weapons reductions.Before that,she was a researcher at Riverside Research Institute,where she worked on war-gaming scenarios for the Missile Defense Agencys Directorate of Intelligence.K
13、nown throughout the space and security arena as a thought leader on policy and budgetary issues,Ms.Samson is often interviewed by multinational media outlets,including The New York Times,Space News,The BBC,and NPR.She is also a prolific author of numerous op-eds,analytical pieces,journal articles,an
14、d updates on space security matters.She is also the head of the International Astronautical Federations task force on security and a member of the Space Security Working Group of the National Academies of Sciences,Engineering,and Medicines Committee on International Security and Arms Control.Ms.Vict
15、oria SamsonChief Director,Space Security and StabilityivSECURE WORLD FOUNDATION 04/2024T A B L E O FC O N T E N T SSECTION 1 COUNTRIES THAT HAVE CONDUCTED DESTRUCTIVE ASAT TESTS01.The United States.01-01 02.Russia.02-01 03.China.03-01 04.India.04-01 05.Orbital Debris Created by Destructive ASAT Test
16、ing.05-01 SECTION 2 COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTERSPACE TECHNOLOGIES06.Australia.06-01 07.France.07-01 08.Iran.08-01 09.Israel.09-01 10.Japan.10-01 11.North Korea.11-01 12.South Korea.12-01 13.The United Kingdom.13-01 SECTION 3 CYBER COUNTERSPACE CAPABILITIES14.Global Cyber Counterspace Capabilities.1
17、4-01 APPENDIX I HISTORICAL ANTI-SATELLITE TESTS IN SPACE.15-01APPENDIX II IMAGERY OF COUNTERSPACE RELATED FACILITIES.16-01 vGLOBAL COUNTERSPACE CAPABILITIES LIS TO F FIG U R ESFIGURE 1-1 MINOTAUR UPPER STAGE.01-03FIGURE 1-2 ORBITAL EXPRESS MISSION PLAN.01-04 FIGURE 1-3 X-37B OTV 7 HIGHLY ELLIPTICAL
18、ORBIT.01-06FIGURE 1-4 GSSAP SATELLITES.01-08 FIGURE 1-5 SATELLITE INTERCEPTOR PROGRAM GROUND TEST.01-13FIGURE 1-6 ASM-135 FLIGHT PROFILE.01-14 FIGURE 1-7 UPLINK VS.DOWNLINK JAMMING.01-19FIGURE 1-8 SPACE FORCE GUARDIAN IN FRONT OF A PAIR OF COUNTER COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM ANTENNAS.01-20FIGURE 2-1 MiG-3
19、1BM CARRYING A BUREVESTNIK LAUNCHER.02-08FIGURE 2-2 LUCH(OLYMP)ORBITAL HISTORY.02-13FIGURE 2-3 LUCH 2 ORBITAL HISTORY.02-14FIGURE 2-4 TEL-MOUNTED NUDOL.02-18 FIGURE 2-5 RUSSIAN COUNTERSPACE EW SYSTEMS.02-24FIGURE 2-6 KRASUKHA-4 .02-28 FIGURE 2-7 THE PERESVET LASER SYSTEM.02-31FIGURE 3-1 RPO/ROBOTIC
20、ARM DEMONSTRATOR SY-7.03-03FIGURE 3-2 LONGITUDINAL HISTORY OF THE SJ-17.03-07FIGURE 3-3 LONGITUDINAL HISTORY OF THE TJS-3.03-08 FIGURE 3-4 DF-21 MRBM.03-13FIGURE 3-5 XICHANG SPACE LAUNCH COMPLEX ON APRIL 3,2013.03-14FIGURE 4-1 MISSION SHAKTI ASAT.04-03 FIGURE 8-1 IRANIAN BALLISTIC MISSILES.08-04viSE
21、CURE WORLD FOUNDATION 04/2024FIGURE 11-1 KWANGMYONGSONG-4.11-03FIGURE 16-1 FORT GREELY GBI FIELD.16-01FIGURE 16-2 VANDENBERG SPACE LAUNCH COMPLEX 6.16-02FIGURE 16-3 CAPE CANAVERAL X-37B HANGAR.16-03FIGURE 16-4 KAPUSTIN YAR MOBILE MISSILE LAUNCH SITE.16-04FIGURE 16-5 PLESETSK SPACE LAUNCH CENTER MOBI
22、LE MISSILE LAUNCH COMPLEX.16-05FIGURE 16-6 PLESETSK SPACE LAUNCH CENTER SITE 133.16-06FIGURE 16-7 PLESETSK SPACE LAUNCH CENTER SITE 43.16-07FIGURE 16-8 PLESETSK AREA 141 BUREVESTNIK FACILITIES.16-08FIGURE 16-9 SARY SHAGAN ABM SILOS.16-09FIGURE 16-10 BAIKONUR COSMODROME SITE 90.16-10 FIGURE 16-11 JIU
23、QUAN SUBORBITAL LAUNCH COMPLEX.16-11FIGURE 16-12 KORLA WEST TEST COMPLEX.16-12 FIGURE 16-13 KORLA WEST LAUNCH PAD.16-13FIGURE 16-14 TAIYUAN SPACE LAUNCH CENTER MOBILE PAD.16-14FIGURE 16-15 WENCHANG SPACE LAUNCH CENTER.16-15FIGURE 16-16 XICHANG SPACE LAUNCH CENTER NORTH ASAT PAD.16-16FIGURE 16-17 XIC
24、HANG SPACE LAUNCH CENTER SOUTH ASAT PAD.16-17FIGURE 16-18 SATISH DHAWAN SPACE CENTRE.16-18FIGURE 16-19 ABDUL KALAM ISLAND LAUNCH COMPLEX.16-19FIGURE 16-20 SEMNAN SPACE CENTER.16-20FIGURE 16-21 SHAHRUD LAUNCH SITE.16-21FIGURE 16-22 TANEGASHIMA SPACE CENTER.16-22viiGLOBAL COUNTERSPACE CAPABILITIES FIG
25、URE 16-23 TONGHAE SATELLITE LAUNCHING GROUND.16-23FIGURE 16-24 SOHAE SATELLITE LAUNCHING STATION.16-24 FIGURE 16-25 MIRACL LASER.16-25 FIGURE 16-26 PERESVET DEPLOYMENT SITE NEAR BARNAUL.16-26FIGURE 16-27 KALINA LASER COMPLEX NEAR ZELENCHUKSKAYA.16-27FIGURE 16-28 TOBOL ELECTRONIC WARFARE COMPLEX NEAR
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