如何阅读案例.ppt
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1、Case Reading1.Case Reading Skills“PreviewDoReview”is your basic learning strategy.After creating a positive learning environment,you are ready to read cases.Preview each case.Instead of plunging into a case,preview it.Get a feel for the case without bogging down in specifics.Try these three strategi
2、es for getting a preview and use the one that works best for you.(1)First and last paragraphs:Read the beginning and end of the case,just enough to get a taste for the parties,the dispute,and the holding.(2)First sentence of each paragraph:Read the first paragraph,first sentence of each succeeding p
3、aragraph,and the last paragraph.In addition to getting the basic plot,you will be introduced to the courts reasoning.(3)Story line reading:Skim the case quickly for the basic story line.Connect the story to the subject you are studying.2.Ask questions.Based on your preview,ask yourself questions.Wha
4、t is this case about?Why did the winning party prevail?What were the key facts?How does the case relate to the casebook topic?Read each case.After your preview,read through the case carefully and actively,try to answer the questions that you posed to yourself.Take notes in the margins if this helps
5、you.3.Review.You will have two stages of review.1)Briefing the case.What are the facts the court found most important in reaching their decision?What rule of law should you understand from the case?What types of legal reasoning did the court rely on in coming to a decision?2)Reviewing after briefing
6、.After you brief all your cases,spend two minutes thinking about how each case you read relates to the subject matter of the class.Does one case illustrate a majority and the other a minority rule?Traditional rule and modern rule?Rule and exception?This review will help you remember the cases and al
7、so acts as a preview for the class.4.案例的组成部分1、Case Name(案例名称)eg:Smith v.John,v.is short for versus.(诉)2、Court rendering the opinion(判决法院)eg:New Jersey Supreme Court(新泽西最高法院)3、Citation(卷宗号、案号)eg:93 N.J.324,461 A.2d 138(1983),这说明该案出自新西汇编第93卷,第324页,以及大西洋汇编第二辑第138页,该案件判决于1983年。像这种指明两个或两个以上出处的卷宗号叫做parall
8、el citation(an additional reference to a case that has been reported in more than more reporter平行卷宗号)5.Citation Citation is a reference to a legal authority布莱克法律词典中的定义:A reference to a legal precedent or authority,such as a case,statute,or treaties,that either substantiates or contradicts a given po
9、sition.6.案例之中的卷宗号通常包括以下几个部分:A)the names of the parties involved in the lawsuitB)the volume number of the reporter containing the full text of the caseC)the abbreviated name of that case reporterD)the page number on which the case beginsE)the year the case was decided F)the name of the court deciding
10、 the case7.案例之中的卷宗号通常包括以下几个部分:A)the names of the parties involved in the lawsuit(案件双方当事人姓名)B)the volume number of the reporter containing the full text of the case(案件全文的汇编卷号)C)the abbreviated name of that case reporter(案例汇编的缩写名称)D)the page number on which the case begins(案例开始的页码数)E)the year the case
11、 was decided(案例判决年份)F)the name of the court deciding the case(案例判决法院)8.卷宗号之中的缩略码A.Atlantic Reporter 大西洋汇编A.2d.Atlantic Reporter,2nd Series大西洋汇编第二辑Cal.Rep.California Reporter加利福尼亚州汇编F.Federal Reporter联邦汇编F.2d.Federal Reporter,2nd Series联邦汇编第二辑F.3d.Federal Reporter,3rd Series联邦汇编第三辑F.Supp.Federal Supp
12、lement联邦补充案例L.Ed.U.S.U.S.Supreme Court Decisions,Lawyers Edition 美国最高法院案例汇编,律师版L.Ed.2d.U.S.U.S.Supreme Court Decisions,Lawyers Edition,2nd Series美国最高法院案例汇编,律师版第二辑N.E.Northeastern Reporter东北汇编 N.E.2d.Northeastern Repoter,2nd Series东北汇编第二辑9.卷宗号之中的缩略码N.W.Northwestern Reporter西北汇编N.W.2dNorthwestern Repo
13、rter,2nd Series西北汇编第二辑N.Y.S.New York Supplement纽约补充案例 N.Y.S.2dNew York Supplement,2nd Series纽约补充案例第二辑S.Ct.Supreme Court Reporter最高法院案例汇编S.E.Southeastern Reporter东南汇编S.E.2d Southeastern Reporter,2nd Series东南汇编第二辑So.Southern Reporter南方汇编So.2d.Southern Reporter,2nd Series南方汇编第二辑S.W.Southwestern Reporte
14、r西南汇编S.W.2d.Southwestern Reporter,2nd Series西南汇编第二辑U.S.United States Reports美国案例汇编10.案例的组成部分4、Justice wrote the opinion(主审法官姓名)5、Opinion(stating the issue raised,describing the parties and facts,discussing the relevant law,and rendering judgment判决书)判决书是整个案例的主体部分,其中包括法律争议(Issue)、双方当事人情况、事实经过、判决采用的相关法
15、律以及判决结果。注意:在阅读判决书的过程中,要注意的几点有(1)时态方面:主审法官的意见用现在时态,前审法院的意见用过去时态。(2)主审法官的意见是法院意见。(3)除了法院外还有两种意见,它们被称为dissenting opinion or dissent(反对意见是指opinion offered by a judge disagreeing with the majority panel of judges conclusion)和concurring opinion(配合意见是指opinion written by a judge agreeing with the majoritys
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