2023年世界贸易统计报告.pdf
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1、World Trade Statistical Review 2023World TradeStatisticalReview2023About the WTOThe World Trade Organization deals with the global rules of trade between nations.Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly,predictably and freely as possible.About this publicationWorld Trade Statistic
2、al Review provides a detailed analysis of the latest developments in world trade.It is the WTOs flagship statistical publication and is produced on an annual basis.For more informationAll data used in this report,as well as additional charts and tables not included,can be downloaded from the WTO web
3、 site at www.wto.org/statisticsI.Introduction 4Acknowledgements 6A message from Director-General Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala 7II.Highlights of world trade in 2022 8World trade overview 10Merchandise trade 12Commercial services 20Leading traders 26Least-developed countries 27III.World trade and economic grow
4、th,2022-23 28Trade and GDP growth in 2022 and the first half of 2023 30Merchandise trade volume 31Commodity prices 33Exchange rates 34 Merchandise and commercial services trade values 35Other trade-related indicators 40IV.Composition,definitions&methodology 42Composition of geographical and economic
5、 groupings 44Definitions and methodology 44Specific notes for selected economies 51Statistical sources 52Abbreviations and symbols 53V.Statistical tables 543World Trade Statistical Review 2023Acknowledgements6A message from Director-General Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala7Introduction 4Chapter I5Acknowledgement
6、sThis publication has been prepared under the supervision of Ralph Ossa,WTO Chief Economist and Director of the Economic Research andStatistics Division.The coordination of the report was undertaken by Christophe Degain and Florian Eberth.Statistical research,data compilation and the preparation of
7、estimates were conducted by Barbara DAndrea Adrian,Shradha Bhatia,Lori Chang,Christophe Degain,Florian Eberth,Coleman Nee and Ying Yan.Contributions to this publication were also provided bythe Research Group of the Economic Research andStatistics Division.The International Trade Statistics Section
8、also wishes to thank colleagues from the Information and External Relations Division(IERD)and the Language and Documentation Services Division(LDSD)whose collaboration is vital in the production of this report.In particular,recognition is due to Anthony Martin,Serge Marin-Pache and Steve Cooper in I
9、ERD and to the French and Spanish translators in LDSD.Finally,we wish to thank the users of WTO statistics fortheir constructive suggestions on how to improve ourstatistical output.This regular feedback allows us toconstantly refine the data we provide.World Trade Statistical Review 2023 6A message
10、from Director-General Ngozi Okonjo-IwealaNgozi Okonjo-IwealaDirector-GeneralAs a succession of crises buffet the global economy,with the COVID-19 pandemic giving way to the war in Ukraine,inflation,monetary tightening,and widespread debt distress,world trade has lost momentum,with trade growth slowi
11、ng in 2022 and remaining weak into early 2023.That said,global trade growth has remained positive,underscoring how trade has been a force for economic recovery and resilience.Nevertheless,numerous downside risks,from geopolitical tensions to potential financial instability,are clouding the medium-te
12、rm outlook for both trade and overall output.This report reviews world trade patterns in 2022,with insights into the outlook for trade in 2023,in light of the wider international context.In volume terms,world merchandise trade rose by 2.7%in 2022.The volume figure was well below the 12.4%growth in v
13、alue terms,reflecting the effect of high global commodity prices.In the manufacturing sector,one notable development was that China increased the value of its exports of automotive products in Q1 2022 by 30%year on year,using its strong position in the production of lithium-ion batteries to become t
14、he worlds second-biggest exporter of electric motor vehicles after the European Union.Services trade fared better than merchandise trade,growing 15%in 2022.International travel continued to rebound strongly,rising 70%year-on-year after many regions lifted pandemic-related mobility restrictions.Looki
15、ng back through the entire pandemic period,computer services were the most dynamic sector in services trade,with global exports in 2022 worth 44%more than their value in 2019.Digitally delivered services that is,services provided via computer networks,from streaming games to remote consulting servic
16、es are an emerging source of growth,accounting for 54%of global services exports in 2022,and 12%of total global trade in goods and services.Within Europe and Asia,intra-regional flows accounted for a large share of trade in digitally delivered services,respectively accounting for 62%and 43%in 2021.I
17、n contrast,the intra-regional shares in South&Central America and the Caribbean as well as in Africa were only 8%and 3%respectively,suggesting potential for growth.Exports of goods and services from least-developed countries(LDCs)increased by 31%between 2019 and 2022,with goods exports up 41%in valu
18、e terms over that period,once again reflecting higher commodity prices.LDCs exports of commercial services remained depressed,at 14%below their pre-pandemic levels.A major factor in the decline is the weak recovery of tourism,particularly tourism within Asia to Asian LDCs,due in part to continuing p
19、andemic-related measures within the region.Asian LDC travel exports in 2022 remained 74%below their value in 2019.In contrast,travel exports of African LDCs performed relatively well,coming in at only 9%below pre-COVID-19 levels in 2022.In turbulent times marked by geopolitical frictions,rapid techn
20、ological change,and ever-more-frequent climate and other shocks,multilateral trade cooperation and the WTO are more necessary than ever.By working together,governments can update the regulatory and policy frameworks needed to harness the full potential-and minimize the risks-of new digital technolog
21、ies.Open and predictable global trade,anchored in the multilateral trading system,offers businesses and households the outside options needed to cope with unexpected supply shortages.The need to deepen,deconcentrate,and diversify international supply networks so as to increase this“flexicurity”offer
22、s significant commercial opportunities for developing economies.Policymakers need reliable statistics to monitor how trade is evolving,assess the impact of macro-economic and geopolitical shocks,and formulate responses to benefit the people they serve.I would like to thank everyone who contributed t
23、o this report.We hope it provides useful insights for WTO members and all those involved in trade analysis.7Chapter I:IntroductionWorld trade overview10Merchandise trade12Commercial services20Leading traders26Least-developed countries27Highlights of world trade in 2022 Chapter II 8910010202030201220
24、13201420152016201720182019202020212022Annual percentage change(%)World trade overviewServices trade recovered in 2022 rising by 15%year-on-year,slightly more than goods trade.Chart 2.1World trade in goods and commercial services,2012-22(Annual percentage change)Source:WTO-UNCTAD estimates.Note:Trade
25、 as average of exports and imports.Commercial servicesGoodsServices trade rebounded from-18%in 2020,during the COVID-19 pandemic,to+15%in 2022.World Trade Statistical Review 2023 1081012146162018201920202021202212.713.114.715.014.48.58.68.17.98.38.07.87.87.36.6ChinaUnited StatesGermanyShare in world
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