【癌症的里程碑】Milestones in Cancer 2000-2020.pdf
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1、Produced by:Nature Genetics and NatureMedicineWith support from:C 2020微信扫码,免费报告轻松领微信扫码,工作轻松无忧行业资源微信群1.进群即领取群利报告与资源合编领取群利报告与资源合编,内有近百行业、上万份行研、管理及其他学习资源;2.每日学习分享最新6+份精选报告;3.群友信息交流,群主免费解答并提供相关行业报告。扫一扫二维码,添加客服微信(微信号:Teamkon3);添加好友请备注:姓名姓名+单位单位+业务领域业务领域知识星球 行业与管理资源社群1.无限制下载行业研究报告、咨询公司管理方案,企业运营制度、科技方案与大咖报
2、告等。2.每月同步更新3000+份最新行业资源;涵盖科技、金融、教育、互联网、房地产、生物制药、医疗健康等行研报告、科技动态、管理方案;海量资源在手 工作轻松无忧报告收集整理于网络,只用于群友学习,请勿他用Credit:S.Fenwick/Springer Nature LimitedCancerMILESTONES S2 Foreword S3 Timeline S4 Routes to resistance S5 Tracking cancer in liquid biopsies S6 When cancer prevention went viral S7 A licence to k
3、ill S8 Sitting on the fence S9 Not a simple switch S10 Sequencing the secrets of the cancer genome S11 Unleashing the immune system against cancer S12 Engineering armed T cells for the fight S13 Oncohistones:epigenetic drivers of cancer S14 Tumour evolution:from linear paths to branchedtrees S15 Und
4、ruggable?Inconceivable S16 Good bacteria make for good cancer therapy S17 The AI revolution in cancerCITING THE MILESTONESNature Milestones in Cancer includes Milestone articles written by our editors and an online Collection of previously published material.To cite the full project,please use Natur
5、e Milestones:Cancer https:/ you wish to cite any of the individual Milestones,please list Author,A.Title.Nature Milestones:Cancer (2020).For example,Milestone 1 is Valtierra,I.Routes to resistance.Nature Milestones:Cancer https:/ cite articles from the Collection,please use the original citation,whi
6、ch can be found online.VISIT THE SUPPLEMENT ONLINEThe Nature Milestones in Cancer supplement can be found at JOURNALSBMC Cancer,Nature,Nature Cancer,Nature Communications,Nature Genetics,Nature Medicine,Nature Reviews Cancer,NatureReviews Clinical Oncology,Nature Reviews Drug Discovery,Nature Review
7、s Gastroenterology&Hepatology,Nature Reviews Genetics,Nature Reviews Nephrology.SUBSCRIPTIONS AND CUSTOMER SERVICESSpringer Nature,Subscriptions,Cromwell Place,Hampshire International Business Park,Lime Tree Way,Basingstoke,Hampshire RG24 8YJ,UKTel:+44(0)1256 Customer serviCes: 2020 Springer Nature
8、Limited.All rights reserved.NATURE MILESTONES|CANCER DECEMBER 2020|S1With little regard for borders,age,wealth or ethnicity,cancer has swept through human history and remains one of our biggest killers.In curating this Milestone collection,our aim was to pick up where our last Milestone project(http
9、s:/ off and to showcase major advances in the understanding of cancer and the development of novel therapies that are improving patient survival.Although we have done our best to be comprehensive,we recognize that our list is by no means exhaustive.In recent decades,understanding of the disease has
10、developed at an astonishing pace.Our catalogues of the genetic(MILESTONES 7,11)and epigenetic(MILESTONE 10)aberrations underpinning tumour development are crystallizing.The adaptations used by tumour cells to breach cell-intrinsic(MILESTONES 5,6)and tissue-specific proliferative barriers,and establi
11、sh malignant diaspora at secondary sites are better understood than ever before.Cancer cells can be profiled at unprecedented scale and resolution,increasingly in the context of their tissue and microbial(MILESTONE 13)microenvironments.These discoveries have propelled the development of new treatmen
12、ts,most notably immunotherapies(MILESTONES 8,9),which are now a crucial part of the treatment armoury,alongside surgery,chemotherapy,radiotherapy and an expanding repertoire of targeted treatments(MILESTONES 4,12).We hope that these Milestones will inspire optimism about the future of cancer researc
13、h.We look forward to new approaches to tackle cancer types for which progress to date has been modest.We anticipate further improvements in the understanding of treatment resistance(MILESTONE 1)and metastasis,the process responsible for most cancer deaths.We also hope that technological innovations
14、will drive powerful new strategies to detect and monitor cancer(MILESTONES 2,14).As treatments become more sophisticated,so too must the strategies to ensure that the benefits of research are available to everyone.The socioeconomic disparities that disproportionately limit access to care must be ove
15、rcome.From prevention(MILESTONE 3)to diagnosis and treatmentwe must ensure that no patient is left behind.This project was made possible by the support of our colleagues in the Nature Editorial Cancer Community.We thank Javier Carmona and Ian Green for preparing the original proposal.In addition to
16、the many editors who wrote these milestones,we extend our gratitude to Javier Carmona,AnnaDart,Iain Dickson,Linda Gummlich,Ulrike Harjes,Barbara Marte and Sarah Seton-Rogers for managing and editing individual milestones.We appreciate the support we have received from Rebecca Jones,Simon Fenwick,Chr
17、isRyan and Maya Shani.Finally,we would like to thank our expert advisors and to acknowledge support from our sponsors and grant funders(AstraZeneca,Boehringer Ingelheim,Illumina,Johnson&Johnson and MSD).As always,Springer Nature takes complete responsibility for the editorial content.Safia Danovi,Se
18、nior Editor,Nature Genetics Saheli Sadanand,Senior Editor,Nature MedicineEDITORIAL OFFICESLondonSpringer NatureThe Campus,4 Crinan Street,London N1 9XW,UK Tel:+44(0)20 7833 4000Coordinating editors:Safia Danovi,Saheli SadanandCopy editor:Maya ShaniproduCtion:Simon Fenwick,Susan Gray,Nick Brunidesign
19、&Web deveLopment:Chris Ryanmarketing:Helen Burgess,Nicole JacksonpubLishing:Rebecca Jonesvp,pubLishing:Richard Hugheseditor-in-Chief,nature pubLiCations:Magdalena Skippersponsorship:David Bagshaw,Stephen Brown,Natasha Boyd Springer Nature Limited.All rights reserved.MILESTONES ADVISORSDavid J.AdamsC
20、atherine Alix-PanabiresRen BernardsTrever G.BivonaNavdeep S.ChandelRyan B.CorcoranSarah-Jane DawsonJulian DownwardKristian HelinJakob N.KatherChristopher A.KlebanoffCrystal L.MackallIgnacio MeleroNarges RazavianJohn T.SchillerClemens A.SchmittCharles SwantonGiorgio TrinchieriLaurence ZitvogelPRODUCE
21、D WITH SUPPORT FROM:Illumina,Johnson&JohnsonPRODUCED WITH SUPPORT OF A GRANT FROM:AstraZeneca,Boehringer Ingelheim,MSD Cover:Design by Chris Ryan.S2|DECEMBER 2020 complex II mutations found in tumours2001Mechanisms of resistance to targeted treatment(MILESTONE 1)Nobel Prize awarded for“discoveries o
22、f key regulators of the cell cycle”2003Epidemiological link between cancer and obesity2004First epigenetic drug to gain FDA approvalFirst antiangiogenic agent to gain FDA approval for cancer treatmentLiquid biopsies for non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of patients(MILESTONE 2)HPV vaccines to pr
23、event cervical cancer(MILESTONE 3)2005Leveraging synthetic lethality for treatment(MILESTONE 4)Oncogene-induced senescence in premalignant tissues and cancer(MILESTONE 5)2006Metabolic adaptations in cancer(MILESTONE 6)2008First interim analysis published by The Cancer Genome AtlasFirst cancer whole-
24、genome sequence(MILESTONE 7)2009Description of colorectal cancer organoids IDH1 mutations leading to the generation of 2-hydroxyglutarate2010Immune-checkpoint inhibitors from bench to bedside(MILESTONE 8)Engineering T cells to kill cancer cells(MILESTONE 9)2011Use of screening to decrease mortality
25、from lung cancerClearance of senescent cells by the immune system2012Epigenetic drivers of tumour initiation and progression(MILESTONE 10)Clonal diversity of tumour cells as a basis for cancer progression and treatment resistance(MILESTONE 11)Full-length single-cell mRNA sequencing of individual tum
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