学位论文:基于语料库的海事英语外来词研究.pdf
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1、中文摘要摘要由于海事英语本身的特殊性,作为有别于普通英语的更具工具性的语言,海 事英语词汇有很强的专业特色。随着普通英语的广泛借用、发展及演变,海事英 语中也存在大量外来词,对海事英语外来词的研究也变得很有必要。本文旨在研 究海事英语中外来词频率、词义及词源的特点以及搭配规律。本研究选取海事英语常见的外来词作为研究对象。作者搜集相关数据,自建 565字外来词词表,并运用MEC语料库作为参照库,从词汇学、语义学及语料库语 言学角度对海事英语外来词进行分析,并揭示其特点。通过研究其分布频率、词性、词义、词源及搭配,得出海事英语常见外来词具 有以下特点:1.海事英语外来词的各词性分布情况不一致,其中
2、名词数量最多,副词最少,与LOB和BROWN语料库所代表的普通英语相比接近,但与口语体不同;2.海事英语中的外来词的词义与普通英语相比,词义较为单一,主要指示与海事 相关的含义;3.在词源分布方面,所研究的外来词中,大多数来自法语和拉丁语;4.海事英语外来词与海事相关词的搭配情况分布不一致,其中名词、形容词与海 事相关的词搭配较多,动词较少。关键词:海事英语;外来词;频率;词义;词源;搭配万方数据英文摘要ABSTRACTDue t o it s spe c ializat io n,marit ime English is an inst rume nt al language t hat i
3、s d ist inc t f ro m ge ne ral English and has it s o wn spe c ial f e at ure s.Wit h t he e x t e nsive bo rro wing,d e ve lo pme nt and e vo lut io n o f ge ne ral English,t iie re have be e n mo re and mo re lo an wo rld s in marit ime English.Thus it be c o me s mo re and mo re signif ic ant t o
4、 e x plo re t he lo an wo rd s in marit ime-English.The pre so it st ud y aims t o e x plo re t he f e at ure s o f lo an wo rd s f ro m t he aspe c t s o f f re que nc y,me aning,e t ymo lo gy and c o llo c at io n.This t he sis st ud ie s lo an wo rd s c o mmo nly use d in marit ime English as re
5、se arc h o bje c t s wit h a se lf-built vo c abulary o f 565 wo rd s and t he f e at ure s o f marit ime English lo an wo rd s we re e x amine d f ro m t he pe rspe c t ive o f linguist ic s,se mant ic s,and c o rpus linguist ic s.Thro ugh t he d isc ussio n and analysis o n f re que nc y d ist rib
6、ut io n,wo rd c lass,me anings,e t ymo lo gy and c o llo c at io ns,t he lo an wo rd s in marit ime English have t he f o llo wing c harac t e rist ic s:1.The d ist ribut io n o f lo an wo rd s in marit ime English is une ve n wit h t he large st numbe r o f no uns and t he le ast ad ve rbs,whic h c
7、 o nf o rms wit h t he re sult s f ro m LOB and BROWN but d if f e rs f ro m t he f e at ure s o f spo ke n re gist e r;2.The me anings o f lo anwo rd s in marit ime English,d e no t ing marit ime se nse s,are re lat ive ly uni-vo c al c o mpare d wit h ge ne ral English;3.Mo st o f t he lo an wo rd
8、 s are bo rro we d f ro m Fre nc h and Lat in;4.The c o llo c at io ns o f lo anwo rd s in marit ime English are d ive rse,wit h t he no uns and ad je c t ive s having mo re marit ime-re lat e d c o llo c at io ns and ve rbs having f e we r.Key Wo rds:Ma rit ime Eng l ish;Lo a n w o rds;Freq uency;M
9、ea ning;Et ymo l o g y;Co l l o ca t io n万方数据List o f Abbre viat io nsList o f Abbrevia t io nsMEMECLWLMarit ime EnglishMarit ime English Co rpusLo an Wo rd s List万方数据List o f Table s and Figure sList o f Ta bl es a nd Fig uresTable 3.1 The List o f So urc e s o f Thre e Co rpo ra.17Table 3.2 The Li
10、st o f Size.18Table 3.3 The List o f Dic t io nary.22Table 4.1 Wo rd Classe s in BROWN and LOB.25Table 4.2 Wo rd Classe s in LLC.25Table 4.3 The No minal Lo an Wo rd s in MEC.26Table 4.4 Ve rbal Lo an Wo rd s in MEC.27Table 4.5 Ad je c t ive Lo an wo rd s in MEC.28Table 4.6 No minal Co llo c at e s
11、o f Ship.30Table 4.7 No minal Co llo c at e s o f Port.32Table 4.8 No minal Co llo c at e s o f Cargo.33Table 4.9 No minal Co llo c at e s o f c urrent.35Table 4.10 No minal Co llo c at e s o f Starboard.36Table 4.11 No minal Co llo c at e s o f Bow.39Table 4.12 No minal Co llo c at e s o f give.40T
12、able 4.13 Pre po sit io nal Co llo c at e s o f Assign.43Table 4.14 Co llo c at e s o f Maritime.45Table 4.15 No minal Co llo c at e s of Foreign.47Table 4.16 Co llo c at e s o f Legal.49Table 4.17 Co llo c at e s oi Prec ise.51Table 4.18 To t al Numne r o f Co llo c at e s o f Wo rd Classe s.60Figu
13、re 3.1 Part o f Spe e c h in Go t agge r.19Figure 3.2 Part o f Spe e c h in Searc h and Repl ac e.19Figure 3.3 Co llo c at io n Sample in AntConc.20Figure 3.4 Do c ume nt Co mpare.21Figure 4.1 Dist ribut io n o f Lo an Wo rd s in MEC.24Figure 4.2 Co llo c at e s of ship.29Figure 4.3 Co llo c at e s
14、o f Port.31Figure _4.4 Co llo c at e s o f Cargo.33Figure 4.5 Co llo c at e s o f Current.34Figure 4.6 Co llo c at e s o f Starboard.36Figure 4.7 Bow in MEC.37Figure 4.8 Co llo c at e s o f Bo w.38Figure 4.9 Co llo c at e s o f Give.40Figure 4.10 Govern in MEC.41万方数据List o f Table s and Figure sFigu
15、re 4.11 Co llo c at io n o f Govern.41Figure 4.12 Assign in MEC.42Figure 4.13 Co llo c at io n of Assign.42Figure 4.14 Co llo c at e s oi Administer.43Figure 4.15 Co llo c at io n o f Administer.44Figure 4.16 Co llo c at e s o f Maritime.45Figure 4.17 Co llo c at io n o f Maritime in MEC.46Figure 4.
16、18 Co llo c at e s oi Foreign.47Figure 4.19 Co llo c at e s o f Legal.49Figure 4.20 Co llo c at io n o f Legal in MEC.50Figure 4.21 Co llo c at e s o f Prec ise.51Figure 4.22 Co llo c at e s o f Weak.52万方数据Co nt e nt sCo nt ent sChapt e r 1 Int ro d uc t io n.11.1 Bac kgro und and Purpo se o f t he
17、Re se arc h.11.2 Signif ic anc e o f t he The sis.21.3 Re se arc h Que st io ns.31.4 Lay o ut o f t he The sis.3Chapt e r 2 Lit e rat ure Re vie w.52.1 De f init io ns and t e rmino lo gie s.52.1.1 Lo anwo rd s.52.1.2 Le x ic o lo gy.52.1.3 Se mant ic s.72.1.4 Et ymo lo gy.82.1.5 Co llo c at io n.82
18、.2 Co rpus-base d Le x ic al St ud ie s.102.3 Pre vio us St ud ie s o n Lo anwo rd s.102.3.1 Pre vio us St ud ie s f ro m Se mant ic Pe rspe c t ive.112.3.2 Pre vio us St ud ie s f ro m Et ymo lo gic al Pe rspe c t ive.132.3.3 Pre vio us St ud ie s o n Lo anwo rd s in Marit ime English.14Chq)t e r 3
19、 Re se arc h Me t ho d o lo gy.163.1 Int ro d uc t io n.163.2 Co rpus Use d in t he St ud y.163.3 To o ls Use d in t he St ud y.183.4 Pro c e d ure s f o r Dat a Co lle c t io n.213.5 Pro c e d ure s f o r Dat a Analysis.22Chapt e r 4 Re sult s and Disc ussio n.244.1 Ge ne ral Dist ribut io n o f Lo
20、 an Wo rd s in MEC.244.1.1 Dist ribut io n o f No minal Lo an Wo rd s in MEC.264.1.2 Dist ribut io n o f Ve rbal Lo an Wo rd s in MEC.274.1.3 Dist ribut io n o f Ad je c t ive Lo an Wo rd s in MEC.284.2 Fe at ure s o f No minal Lo an Wo rd s in MEC.284.3 The Fe at ure s o f Ve rbal Lo an Wo rd s in
21、MEC.394.4 The Fe at ure s o f Ad je c t ive Lo an Wo rd s in MEC.444.5 Summary.53Chapt e r 5 Co nc lusio n.555.1 Majo r Find ings.555.2 Implic at io ns o f t he St ud y.565.3 Limit at io ns o f t his St ud y.56万方数据Co nt e nt sRe f e re nc e s.57Appe nd ic e s.62Ac kno wle d gme nt s.107万方数据A Co rpus
22、-base d St ud y o n Lo an Wo rd s in Marit ime EnglishCha pt er 1 Int ro duct io n1.1 Ba ckg ro und a nd Purpo se o f t he Resea rchThe re are mo re t han 5,000 language s in t he wo rld,but no o t he r language is mo re c o mplic at e d t han English vo c abulary be c ause it bo rro ws wo rd s f ro
23、 m mo re t han 50 language s.As an Int e rnat io nal language,it is unparalle le d.English vo c abulary,base d o n e t ymo lo gy,c an be d ivid e d int o t wo c at e go rie s o f nat ive language and lo an wo rd s.The pare nt language o f mo d e m English is Anglo-Sax o n(also c alle d Old English),
24、an e arly me mbe r o f t he Ge rmanic branc h o f t he Ind o-Euro pe an f amily.Ho we ve r,o nly abo ut 40 pe rc e nt o f t he English le x ic o n c o me s f ro m Anglo-Sax o n;t he re maind e r was bo rro we d f ro m o t he r language s,mainly Lat in and Fre nc h,but also f ro m nume ro us o t he r
25、 language s.Many Euro pe an language s c an f ind t he ir o wn vo c abulary in English.The re f o re,t he re are so me similarit ie s be t we e n t he m.The signif ic anc e o f t he se a be c o me s t ranspare nt at a me re glanc e f o r e it he r English o r o t he r language s.The o ld e st naut i
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