中考二轮复习英语精品专题汇编.pdf
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1、直接引语与间接引语1直接引语转化为间接引语:三变:一变人陈二变时态三变状语四变句型直接引语变间接引语,状语变化有其内在规津,时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”(例:now变为,yesterday 变为 today变为;tomorrow变为 地点状语,尤其表示方向性的,或用指示代词修饰的状语,由“此改为彼:指示代词中this要改为;these要改为 here变为;动词come变为;注yesterday变成the day before,时态要由原来的一般过去时变为过去完成时四、如何变句型:直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如:She said,Our bus will ar
2、rive in five minutes.She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如:He said,Can you swim,John?-He asked John if he could swim.You have finished the homework,havent you?my mother asked.My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.Do
3、 you go to school by bus or by bike?-He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.直接引语如果是特殊问句,间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述 句语序)。She asked me,When do they have their dinner?”She asked me when they had their dinner.直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为tell(ask,order,beg等)sb(not)to do sth.句型。如:Dont make any n
4、oise,she said to the children.She told(ordered)the children not to make any noise.Bring me a cup of tea,please,said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest+动句词(或从句)。”如:He said,Lets go to the film.He suggested going to the film.或 He suggested that they sho
5、uld go to see the film.11 He said,Mother,the boy is very naughty.2 He said to me,I have left my book in your room.3 She said,I will come here again tonight.4 He said,I arrived yesterday morning.5She said,My sister will be back tomorrow morning.6P aul said,Tm trying to get a taxi.7 I never eat meat.H
6、e explained.8 Have you been here for ages?she said.9 He asked,Are you sure your mother will come?10 He asked,Are you a teacher or a student?11 He said to me,P lease come again tomorrow.12 He said to me,Dont do that again.213 He said,Where is she going?14 Who lives next door?she asked.15 Whats happen
7、ed?he asked.16 Mary,when is the next train?he asked.17 Why did you stop the car,Tom?she asked.27 Shall I wait for them or shall I go on?the man asked.28 Shall I lock the car or leave it unlocked?she asked.29 Will you be here tomorrow?he asked me.30 Would you like to come in for a drink?she asked Bil
8、l.35 Do sit down,everybody.said the hostess.巩固练习:1.She asked him.A.whose dictionary this is B.whose dictionary that wasC.whose dictionary is this D.whose dictionary that is2.Marys mother asked her.3A.that whether she had finished her homework B.if she has finished her homeworkC.if she had finished h
9、er homework D.that if she had finished her homework3.He asked me_.A.how would the weather be like tomorrow B.what the weather would be like the next dayC.how the weather would be like tomorrow D.what would the weather be like the next day4.She told me that she_by her relatives at the bus stop.A.had
10、been seen off B.have seen off C.have been seen off D.had seen off5.Can you guess?A.what is that man B.who that man is C.whom that man is D.who is that man6.The hostess said that it_time that they_supper.A.was;had B.was;had had C.is;have D.is;have had7.The boss asked his secretary he had finished typ
11、ing the report.A.if;or not B.if;not C.whether;or not D.whether;not直接引语和间接引语2一、直接引语和间接引语的定义1.直接引语:别人直接说的话,一般直接放在引号内。如:(1)My mother told me,“You should finish your homework first,then you can play with your friends.”(2)Our teacher said,“Class is over,we should have a rest.”2.间接引语:用自己的话加以转述,被转述的话不放在引号内
12、。上面两个例句变成间接引语应该是:(1)My mother told me that I should finish my homework first and then I could go out and play with my friends.(2)Our teacher said class was over and we should have a rest.二、直接引语与间接引语的变化直接引语变成间接引语时,由于引述动词(said,told等)一般都是过去时形式,因此间接引语中 的动词时态、人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等一般都要做相应的变化。有下面几种情况:1.现在时间推
13、移到过去时间所谓现在时间推移到过去时间指一般现在时变为一般过去时,现在进行时变成过去进行时,现在 完成时变成过去完成时。例如:4She said,“I am hungry.f She said(that)she was hungry.Vince said,“I have found what s wrong with the computer.-*Vince said he had found what was wrong with the computer.在下列场合,尽管陈述动词为过去时形式,间接引语中的动词时态却不必改变,即:(1)当引述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯工作以及格言等内容
14、时:He said,“The word*laser,is an acronym(首字母缩略词).f He said the word laser is an acronym.(2)当动词所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续时:T m forty,“he said.-*He said he is forty.(3)当谓语动词包含无过去时形式的情态助动词时:He said,“It must be pretty late.I really must go.f He said it must be pretty late,and he really must go.He said,“You mustn
15、t smoke in the room.v f He said I mustn t smoke in the room.2.过去时间推移到过去的过去这里需要注意以下几点:(1)当强调动作或状态先于引述动词时,一般过去时要变成过去完成体。例如:He said,“I didn,t know you.-*He said he hadn t known me.当“过去的过去”已经不言自明,或者通过其他词汇手段予以体现,或者侧重于强调所转述的事 实本身时,一般过去时形式可以不变。例如:Ann said,“She was born in 1981.-*Ann said she was born in 19
16、81.(2)过去进行时可以变成过去完成进行时,也可以不变。例如:Robert said,“I was joking with Mary.”-*Robert said he had been joking with Mary.Robert said he was joking with Mary.(3)过去完成时仍为过去完成时,不需改变。例如:He said,“We hadn t returned to the store when she came.”f He said they hadn t returned to the store when she came.(4)时间状语分句中的一般过
17、去式或者过去进行时可以不变。例如:John said,“When I lived in London I often saw Jane.”f John said when he lived in London he had often seen Jane.3.将来时间推移到过去将来时间最常见的是把表示将来时间的助动词由现在时形式变为过去时形式。例如:He said,We re spending next weekend at home.”-*He said they were spending the next weekend at home.They said,We re going to
18、Hawaii this summer vacation.f They said they were going to Hawaii that summer vacation.但是,在引述时,如果原话中的动作或者状态属于尚未到来的将来时间,那么,可以不推移到过 去将来时间。例如:He said,V 11 be waiting for you tomorrow.n-*He said he will be waiting for me tomorrow.4.人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语的变化由上面的例子可以看出,当直接引语变成间接引语时,除动词时态变化外,人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语
19、等通常也作相应的变化。(1)人称代词,除引述本人原话外,通常第一、二人称变为第三人称,或者第二人称变为第一人5称;限定词也作相应的变化。例如:He said,“We love our country.-*He said they love their county.(2)指示代词 this,these 分别变成 that/it,those/they 或 them;指示限定词 this,those 通 常变为that,those或the。例如:“This house is very expensive,“she said.-*She said that house was very expens
20、ive.(3)时间状语在间接引语中的变化有三种情况:a.时间状语和动词时态两者都变。例如:He said,“It was completes a year ago.-*He said it had been completed a year before.b.时间状语不变,动词时态可变可不变。例如:She said,“We left P aris at 8 a.m.”-*She said they had left P aris at 8 a.m.She said they left P aris at 8 a.m.c.时间状语变与不变需视具体情况而定,如果引述时间和说话时间(如同一年、同一月
21、、同一天 等),时间状语可不变。例如:Mr.Black said,“We started learning Chinese last month.”f Mr.Black said they had started learning Chinese last month.(同一月弓I述)-*Mr.Black said they had started learning Chinese the previous month.(可在同一月引述,也可不在同一月引述)直接引语todaythis morning/afternoon yesterday(the)day before yesterday to
22、morrow(the)day after tomorrownext week/monthlast week/monthnow间接引语that daythat morning/afternoonthe day before,the previous daytwo days beforethe next day,the following daytwo days after,in two days*timethe next week/monththe week/month beforethen(4)地点状语here通常变为there;但若说话人所在地也就是引述人所在地,可仍用here,也可 用具体
23、地点代替here。例如:She said,“I first met your brother here.-*She said she first met my brother there.“Are the children here?”Father asked.-*Father asked whether the children were here.三、直接引语和间接引语正误例析1.“Speak English more often in and out of class,“our English teacher said to us.Our English teacher suggeste
24、d us to speak English more often in and out of class.(误)Our English teacher told/asked us to speak English more often in and out of class.(正)Our English teacher suggested that we(should)speak English more often in and out of class.(正)简析:直接引语是祈使句,变为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并在不 定式的前面根据语气需要使用ask,tell,
25、order等动词,其句型是:ask/tell/order someone to do sth.,但是suggest不能接不定式作宾补,只能接-ing形式或从句(从句用虚拟语气)作宾语。2.Don t play football on the street,little boys,“the policeman said.The policeman told the little boys did not play football on the street.(误)The policeman told the little boys not to play football on the str
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