Mark-Twain-第九课课文翻译.doc
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1、Mark Twain Mirror of America Noel Grove Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finns idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyers endless summer of freedom and adventure、 Indeed, this nations bestloved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous
2、 as anyone has ever imagined、 I found another Twain as well one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night、 在大多数美国人得心目中,马克吐温就是位伟大作家,她描写了哈克费恩永恒得童年时代中充
3、满诗情画意得旅程与汤姆索亚在漫长得夏日里自由自在历险探奇得故事。得确,这位美国最受人喜爱得作家得探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极得程度。但我发现还有另一个不同得马克吐温一个由于深受人生悲剧得打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄得马克吐温,一个为人类品质上得弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地瞧到前途就是一片黑暗得人。 Tramp printer, river pilot , Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starryeyed optimist, acidtongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was bo
4、rn Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer、 He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling two fathoms (12 feet) of water a n
5、avigable depth、 His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print, and translations are still read around the world、 印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想得乐天派、语言尖刻得讽刺家:马克吐温原名塞缪尔朗赫恩克莱门斯,她一生之中有超过三分之一得时间浪迹美国各地,体验着美国得新生活,尔后便以作家与演说家得身分将她所感受到得这一切介绍给全世界。她得笔名取自她在蒸汽船上做工时听到得报告水深为两口寻
6、(12英尺)意即可以通航得信号语。她得作品中有二十几部至今仍在印行,其外文译本仍在世界各地拥有读者,由此可见她得享誉程度。The geographic core, in Twains early years, was the great valley of the Mississippi River, main artery of transportation in the young nations heart、 Keelboats , flatboats , and large rafts carried the first major merce、 Lumber, corn, tobac
7、co, wheat, and furs moved downstream to the delta country; sugar, molasses , cotton, and whiskey traveled north、 In the 1850s, before the climax of westward expansion, the vast basin drained threequarters of the settled United States、 在马克吐温青年时代,美国得地理中心就是密西西比河流域,而密西西比河就是这个年轻国家中部得交通大动脉。龙骨船、平底船与大木筏载运着最
8、重要得商品。木材、玉米、烟草、小麦与皮货通过这些运载工具顺流而下,运送到河口三角洲地区,而砂糖、糖浆、棉花与威士忌酒等货物则被运送到北方。在19世纪50年代,西部领土开发高潮到来之前,辽阔得密西西比河流域占美国已开发领土得四分之三。Young Mark Twain entered that world in 1857 as a cub pilot on a steamboat、 The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied a cosmos 、 He participated ab
9、undantly in this life, listening to pilothouse talk of feuds , piracies, lynchings ,medicine shows, and savage waterside slums、 All would resurface in his books, together with the colorful language that he soaked up with a memory that seemed phonographic、 1857年,少年马克吐温作为蒸汽船上得一名小领航员踏人了这片天地。在这个新得工作岗位上,
10、她接触到得就是各式各样得人物,瞧到得就是一个多姿多彩得大干世界。她完全地投身到这种生活之中,经常在操舵室里听着人们谈论民间争斗、海盗抢劫、私刑案件、游医卖药以及河边得一些化外民居得故事。所有这一切,连同她那像留声机般准确可靠得记忆所吸收得丰富多彩得语言,后来都有机会在她得作品中得以再现。Steamboat decks teemed not only with the main current of pioneering humanity, but its flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as well、 From them all Mark T
11、wain gained a keen perception of the human race, of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are、 His four and a half year s in the steamboat trade marked the real beginning of his education, and the most lasting part of it、 In later life Twain acknowledged that the river
12、had acquainted him with every possible type of human nature、 Those acquaintanceships strengthened all his writing, but he never wrote better than when he wrote of the people along the great stream、 蒸汽船得甲板上不仅挤满了富有开拓精神得人们,而且也载着一些娼妓、赌棍与歹徒等社会渣滓。从所有这些形形色色得人身上,马克吐温敏锐地认识了人类,认识了人们得言与行之间得差距。她在蒸汽船上工作得四年半时间就是她
13、真正接受教育得开端,而且也就是最具有深远意义得教育。到了晚年,马克吐温还声言就是密西西比河使她了解了各种各样得人得本性。这种生活体验对她得全部创作都起了促进作用,然而她描写得最为成功得还就是那些密西西比河上得人物。When railroads began drying up the demand for steamboat pilots and the Civil War halted merce, Mark Twain left the river country、 He tried soldiering for two weeks with a motley band of Confede
14、rate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy、 Twain quit after deciding, 、 I knew more about retreating than the man that invented retreating、 随着铁路运输得发展,社会上对汽船领航员得需求日渐减少,而内战得爆发又阻碍了商业贸易得发展。这时,马克吐温便离开了密西西比河流域。她在南方邦联游击队得一支杂牌队伍里当了两个星期得兵。那支队伍想方设法避免与敌军交战。在确信“我比发明撤退得人更精通撤退”之后,马克吐温离开了那支队伍。H
15、e went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in Nevadas Washoe region、 For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the persistent, and was rebuffed 、 Broke and discouraged, he accepted a job as reporter with the Virginia City Te
16、rritorial Enterprise, to literatures enduring gratitude、 她乘驿站马车来到西部,在内华达州得华苏地区受到当时正流行得淘金热得诱惑。同那只有既幸运而又锲而不舍得追求者才能取得得巨大财富三心二意地打了八个月交道之后,她遭到了失败。在破产与灰心之余,她接受了为弗吉尼亚市领土开发报当记者得工作,这一行动将获得文学界永久得感激。From the discouragement of his mining failures, Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper
17、 reporter and humorist、 The instant riches of a mining strike would not be his in the reporting trade, but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax、 In the spring of 1864, less than two years after joining the Territorial Enterprise, he boarded the stagecoach for San Francisco,
18、 then and now a hotbed of hopeful young writers、 自从她因淘金失败而感到心灰意冷之后,马克吐温便开始努力博取作为一名报社记者与幽默作家得地区性声望。从事新闻报道工作当然不能使她像淘金成功者一样立成巨富,但在挣钱方面她得笔杆却比她得锄镐要有效得多。1864年春季,在她加盟领土开发报还不足两年之时,她又乘驿站马车前往旧金山,那儿在当时与现在都就是有前途得年轻作家成长得摇篮。Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles, but he had to leave the ci
19、ty for a while because of some scathing columns he wrote、 Attacks on the city government, concerning such issues as mistreatment of Chinese, so angered officials that he fled to the goldfields in the Sacramento Valley、 His descriptions of the roughcountry settlers there ring familiarly in modern wor
20、ld accustomed to trend setting on the West Coast、 It was a splendid population for all the slow, sleepy, sluggishbrained sloths stayed at home、 It was that population that gave to California a name for getting up astounding enterprises and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring and
21、a recklessness of cost or consequences, which she bears unto this day and when she projects a new surprise, the grave world smiles as usual, and says Well, that is California all over、 马克吐温磨炼并试验了她得新笔力,但她却因写了一些尖锐得评论文章而被迫暂时离开这座城市。她围绕着虐待华人等一类问题对市政府提出得尖锐批评惹得一些官员大为恼火,因之她只好逃到萨克拉门托山谷得金矿区暂避风头。她对那儿得拓荒者们得描写使西
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