食品感官分析与测试题.pdf
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1、iicb|CONTENT-Sensory Analysis感官分析-Procedures For Smelling&Tasting闻味和尝味的程序-Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement影响感官测定的因素Controls For Sensory Testing对感官测试的控制-Methods of Sensory Tests&the Application感官测试的方法及其应用What is Sensory Analysis?什么是感官分析Sensory Analysis is a scientific discipline used to evoke,
2、measure,analyze and interpret reactions to those characteristics of foods and materials as they are perceived by the senses of:感官分析是一门科学,用来唤起、测量、分析和诠释对于食物和原料特质的反 应如以下感觉:Sight视觉Smell嗅觉 Hearing听觉Taste味觉 Touch触觉What is Sensory Analysis?什么是感官分析I小Sensory analysis is about collecting data from human asses
3、sors to understand what they perceived when exposed to a product感官分析是从人体感觉器官收集数据,进而了解它们是如何感知产品的Human are used as measuring instrument.人类作为测量的仪器irmenicb|The Sense of Smell 嗅觉Olfactory Nerve 嗅神Trigeminal Nerve二叉神 经IAroma香气:Odour of Product产 品 的气味(nasal route)网页鼻月至路彳至Aroma香气(retronasal route)逆鼻腔路时Proce
4、dures For Smelling 闻香的程序Repeated short or long hard sniffs.或长或短地重复用力吸气Sniff same number of times resting in between each series每次休息时吸气次数保持一致Solids or semi-solids should be stirred or broken in order to expose to a fresh surface固体或半固体应搅拌或破碎以提供新鲜的 表面michThe Sense of Taste 味觉Bitter苦味Acidic酸味 Salty咸味 Sw
5、eet甜味 Umami鲜味时Procedures For Tasting 尝味的程序 Liquids 液体Same amount fbr each judge 数量-致Taste small sips and roll around mouth to activate all taste bud areas啜饮以激活所有的味蕾Or slurp so that liquid is sprayed uniformly throughout the mouth或附嘟咕嘟地喝,使液体均匀分布在 口腔Rinse mouth carefully with water or have a bite of c
6、racker仔细地漱口或者咬一 口苏打饼干时Procedures For Tasting 尝味的程序Solids固体Take small mouthfeels or pieces around the tongue to activate all taste bud areas取小块品尝,绕舌一圈,以激活所有 的味蕾Rinse and rest between samples to avoid carry-over or fatigue品尝不同样品间要漱口和休息一下,以避免味道残留或味觉疲劳Human as measuring Instrument 人类作为测量仪器Sensory Stimul
7、us感官刺激Memory记忆Sense organ感觉器官Sensation感觉Brain大脑Motivation 动力Perception知觉Response 反应Expectation 期望时Human as measuring Instrument 人类作为测量仪器The stimulus hits the sense organ and is converted to a nerve signal which travels to the brain;the brain then organizes and integrates the incoming sensation into
8、perceptions with the contribution of past experience;lastly a response is formulated based on the subjects5 perceptions感官受到刺激,将其转化为神经信号传输到 大脑;大脑根据以往的经验将感觉组织整合 为知觉.;最终,基于主体的知觉而形成反应Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement 影响感官测定的因素Expectation errorStimulus errorLeniency errorProximity errorCentral tend
9、ency error期望错误刺激错误宽大错误近似错误中心化错误irme时 Factors Influencing SensoryMeasurement影响感官测定的因素Suggestion effect暗示效应Positional bias(order effect)位置偏见(顺序效应)Contrast effect and convergence errorMotivation对照效应和集中错误动力Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement 影响感官测定的因素 Expectation error 期望的错误Information given with th
10、e sample may trigger preconceived ideas样品附带的信息可能导致先入为主Stimulus error刺激的错误Irrelevant criteria,such as color or size influence the observer无关的标准如颜色或大小会影响观 察者Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement 影响感官测定的因素 Leniency error览大的错误Based on their feelings about the researcher,ignoring product differences根据对
11、研究者的感觉,而忽略了产品 的差异 Suggestion effect 暗 7J 效应Reactions of other members of a panel can influence the response of a panelist品尝小组中其他成员的反应会影响测 试者时Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement 影响感官测定的因素 Positional bias(order effect)直偏见(顺序效应)Score the second product(of a set of products)higher or lower than expe
12、cted给一组产品中第二个产品打分偏高或 偏低 Contrast effect and convergence error对照效应和集中错误Exaggerate the difference or mask small differences between the other samples in their scores 夸大或掩盖样品间的差异Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement 影响感官测定的因素 Proximity error近彳以的错误Correlation between characteristics close together may
13、be higher than other characteristic相似特征间的关联比其他特征间的关 联可能要高一些 Central tendency error 中 心化 的错误Scoring products in the midrange of a scale to avoid extremes给产品打分偏中等,以避免极端irme时 Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement影响感官测定的因素 Motivation 动力Affects sensory perception.For e.g.interested panelist is always m
14、ore efficient and reliable.动力会影响感官知觉。比如感兴趣 的品尝小组成员总会更有效、更可WW oirme研 Controls For Sensory Testing 对感官测试的控制Environment Controls 环 境 的 控 制Panelist Controls品评小组的控制Environment Controls环境的控制Panel Booth Testing Area品评单|可的测试区域Sensory evaluation of products 产品 的感官品评Descriptive Evaluation&Training Area描述性品评和培
15、训的区域、口Meeting with panelist和品评小组成员开会Sample preparation and serving 样品的准备和分发Office Area办公区域Administrative oreparations of tests and their interpretation恻试的行政准名和解释时Panel Booth Testing Area 品评单间的测试区域 Individual booth单独隔开的小I可 Sliding door 移动门 Neutral wall color中 性 的墙壁颜色 Sink and Tap水槽和 龙头 Colored lightn
16、ing有颜色的光照 Odor-firee 无气味 Computer 电脑Descriptive Evaluation&Training Area 描述性品评和培训区域 Facilities similar to booth area设备和品评单间相似 Conference style table fbr 6-12 panelists可坐6-12人的会议桌 Whiteboard,clock白板,时钟 Preparation facilities fbr reference samples 准备参考样品的设施时Preparation&Serving Area 准备和分发区域 Well-equipp
17、ed kitchen设备良打的厨房 Odor-free&ventilated无味且通风良好 Air-conditioned 空调 Refrigerator/frozen storage space冰精/冷冻保存空曾 Construction material建舒材料 Specialized equipment特殊器材irmeiicb|Office Area办公区域 Close to panel booth靠近品评单间 Convenient to locate records,storage space,any computer terminal便于安装记录、储存 空间和电脑终端 Phone,p
18、rinter at sufficient distance电话、打印机 摆放在合理的距离内irme时 Sensory Analysis Laboratory 感官分析研究所Blind tests盲试ProduitFruite田2.Prod 售(PrnduitMapping(FCA)图示Controlled environment 控制的环境Quantitative Descriptive Profile 定量的风味描述Statistics 统计Panelist Control品评小组的控制Panel Orientation品 评员 的指导Before evaluation 品评前 Do not
19、 smoke and consume sweets,coffee or anything with a strong taste immediately or less than 30 minutes before the test测试前30分钟内不可抽烟,吃 糖,喝咖啡或品尝其他味重的 东西 Arrive at the time agreed fbr the test准时到达Panelist Control品评小组的控制 Panel Orientation品 评员 的指导Before evaluation 品评前 Do not use strong perfume,perfumed afte
20、rshave lotion,perfumed soap,etc不要使用浓烈的香水,润肤香 水,香皂等 Informed impaired physical form e.g.Cold or headache身体不适,如感冒或头痛Panelist Control 品评小组的控制Panel Orientation 品 评员 的指导During evaluation 测 中 Do not talk to colleagues during assessments测试时不要和同事说话 Do not bring extraneous items,such as newspapers into the t
21、est booth不要带无关的东西到测试场所 如报纸等Panelist Control品评小组的控制Panel Orientation 品 评员 的指导During evaluation 帆试;中 Use all the time available fbr making evaluations用全部的时间作测试 Panelist are not allowed to visit the test kitchen during the test测试时成员不可去测试准备室irmejnicb|Methods&Application 方法和应用情感方面的Consumer acceptance/opi
22、nions消费者认可/意见AffectiveConsumer preference 消 费者偏好Analytical分析的Product grading and ratingNew Product devehpment 新产品研发Product matching 产 品复制Product improvement 产 品 改进Process change工艺 改变Storage stability 贮存稳定性The Sensory tests 感官测试Analytical tests分析测试Affective tests情感测试Discriminative tests辨别测试To detect
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- 关 键 词:
- 食品 感官 分析 测试
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