高中英语定语从句精讲精练课件人教新课标必修5 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,定语从句,The attributive clause,一、定义及相关术语,1.,定语从句：,用来修饰名词、代词、句子等，在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句,。,2.,先行词：,被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。,3.,关系词：,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,关系词有关系代词和关系副词,关系代词：,who,whom,whose,that,which,as,等（在句中作主、表、宾、定等成分）,关系副词：,wherewhenwhy(,介词,+which),（在句中作状语）,关系词通常有下列三个作用：,A.,引导定语从句,；,B.,代替先行词,；,C.,在定语从句中担当一个成分。,The man,who,is shaking hands,with my father is a policeman.,二、关系代词引导的定语从句,1.,That,代,指人和物的先行词，在从句中作主语或宾语。,1)A plane is a machine,that,can fly.,（,主语）,2)The noodles,that,I looked were delicious.,（,宾语）,3)Lets ask the man,that,is reading the book over there.,（,主语）,4)The girl,that,we saw yesterday is Jimsister.,（,宾语）,2.,Which,代,指物的先行词，在从句中作主语或宾语。,1)They planted the trees,which,didnt need much water.,(,主语,),3.,who,whom,代指人的先行词，,在从句中分别作主语和宾语,(,口语中,who,也可作宾语,),1)The foreigner,who,visited our school yesterday is from Canada.,（,主语）,2)The fish,which,we bought were not fresh.,（,宾语）,2)The boy,who,broke the window is called Michael.,（,主语）,4)Mr.Read is the professor to,whom,you should write.,（,宾语）,3)The person to,whom,you just talked is Mr.Li.,（,宾语）,3)This is the book,whose,cover is blue.,4.,whose,代指人或物的先行词，在从句中作定语。,1)Miss Flower is the teacher,whose,house caught fire last week.,2)This is the boy,whose,composition the teacher talked of.,3.,先行词,指物，在限制性定语从句中做主语或宾语，可用,which,/that,做宾语时常可省略。,This is the pen,(which/that),he bought yesterday,.,The factory,which/that,makes computers,is far away from here.,四、,介词,+,关系代词,”引导的定语从句,关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由,“,介词,+,关系代词,(,相当于关系副词,),”,引出。,介词,+,关系代词中介词的选定要根据,a.,谓语动词的固定搭配,e.g.This is the evidence,with which,the case is connected,.,b.,先行词,e.g.I,ll never forget the day,on whichwhen,I joined the party,.,c.,句子表达的意思,e.g.The boss,in whose department Mr King worked,got sacked.,d.,在非限制性定语从句中，名词,代词,+of+whichwhom,表示整体与部分的关系,e.g.The workers,some of whom stayed for four years,came from different countries.,e.,介词的位置一般放在关系代词之前，有时也可放在从句中原来的位置上。,e.g.We did it in the same way,in which he didwhich he did,in,.,注意,：,1,）,含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。,如：,look for,look after,take care of,等。,This is the watch,(which/that),I am looking for,.,The babies,(whom/who/that),the nurse is looking,after,are very healthy.,）,若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用,whom,，,不可用,who,that,；,关系代词指物时只可用,which,，,不可用,that,。,关系代词是所有格时用,whose,。,The man,with whom,you talked just now is my,neighbour,.,The man with that/who you talked just now is my,neighbour,.,The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.,The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.,）“介词,+,关系代词”,前还可有,some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few,等代词或者数词,。,He loves his parents deeply,both of whom,are very kind to,him,.,In the basket there are quite many apples,some of which,have gone bad,.,Up to now,he has written ten stories,three of which,are,about country life,.,五、关系副词引导的定语从句,1,.,先行词指时间，且在定语从句中作时间状语时用,when,或介词,+,关系代词引导,:,I still remember the day,when,I,first came to this school,.,The time,when,we got together finally arrived,.,October 1,1949 was the day,when,the Peoples Republic of China was founded,.,Do you remember the years,when,he lived in the countryside with his grandparents,.,2.,先行词,指地点，且在定语从句中作地点状语时用,where,或介词,+,关系代词引导,:,Shanghai is the city,where,I was born,.,I visited the farm,where,a lot of cows were raised,.,The house,where,I lived ten years ago,has been pulled down.,Is this the place,where,they fought the enemy,?,3.,先行词,指原因，且在定语从句中作原因状语时用,why,或介词,+,关系代词引导,:,Please tell me,the reason,why,you missed the plane,.,The reason,why,he was punished,is unknown to us.,I dont know,the reason,why,he looks unhappy today,.,注意：,关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用,“,介词,+,关系代词,”,引导的定语从句来表示。,From the years,when/in which,he was going to primary school in the country,he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.,四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,A.,限制性定语从句,形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整,。,B.,非限制性定语从句,形式上,用逗号“，”与主句隔开。,是对先行词的补充说明，如,删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。,不可用,that,引导,.,五、限制性定语从句中只能用,that,引导定语从句的情况,1.,当先行词是,everything,anything,nothing(something,除,外,),all,none,few,little,some,等代词时，或当先行词受,every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much,等代词修饰时。,Have you taken down,everything,that,Mr.Li said,?,There seems to be,nothing,that,is impossible to him in the,world,.,He stayed in the library and looked up,any information,that,they needed,.,Any man that/who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.,注意,：,当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词,who,，,All the guests,that/who,were invited to her wedding,were,important people.,Any man,that/who,has a sense of duty,wont do such a thing.,2.,当先行词被序数词修饰时。,The first place,that,they visited in London,was the Big Ben.,3.,当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。,This is,the best,film,that,I have ever seen,.,4,当先行词被,the very,the only,，,the last,修饰时,。,This is,the very dictionary,that,I want to buy,.,After the fire in his house,the old car is,the only thing,that,he owns,.,注意,：,当先行词指人时，通常用关系代词,who,。,Wang,Hua,is,the only person,in our school,who,will attend the,meeting,.,5.,当先行词前面有,who,which,等疑问代词时,。,Who is the man,that,is standing by the gate,?,Which is the T-shirt,that,fits me most,?,6.,当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。,They talked about,the persons and things,that,they,remembered at school,Look at,the man and his donkey,that,are walking up the,street,.,六、关系代词,as,和,which,引导的定语从句,as,和,which,引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是,1.,as,和,which,都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。,He married her,as/which,was natural,.,He is honest,as/which,we can see,.,2.,as,引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。,which,引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，,as,常常有“正如、正像”的含义。,As,is known to all,China is a developing country.,He is from the south,as,we can know from his accent,.,John,as,you know,is a famous writer.,Zhang,Hua,has been to Paris more than ten times,which,I dont believe,.,注意：,当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用,which,。如：,Tom was late for school again and again,which,made his,teacher very angry,.,These tables are made of metal,which,made them very heavy,.,3.,在限制性定语从句中,当先行词受,such,the same,修饰时，关系词常用,as:,Ive never heard,such,stories,as,he tells,.,He is not,such,a fool,as,he looks,.,This is,the same,dictionary as I lost last week.,注意,：,当先行词受,the same,修饰时，偶尔也用,that,引导定语从句，但与,as,引导的定语从句意思有区别。,She wore,the same,dress,that,she wore at Marys wedding,.,She wore,the same,dress,as,her younger sister wore,.,七、以,the way,为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由,in which,或,that,引导，而且通常可以省略,。,The way,(that/in which),he answered the questions,was surprising,.,I dont like,the way,(that/in which),you laugh at her,.,八、当,those,作为先行词指人时，通常只能用,who,引导；,九、关系代词与关系副词的选择,用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看替代先行词的关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）,.,I know a place,which/that,is famous for its beautiful natural scenery,.,I know a place,where,we can have a picnic,.,This,is the reason,why,he was dismissed,.,This is the reason,that/which,he explained to me for,his not attending the meeting,.,十、定语从句与同位语从句的区别,1,定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。,The plane,that,has just taken off is for Paris,.,The fact,that,he has already died,is quite clear.,2,定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。,同位语从句主要由连词,that,引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由,where,when,how,who,whether,what,等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。,The news,that,he told me,is true.,The news,that,he has just died,is true.,The problem,that,we are facing now,is how we can collect so much money.,The problem,how,we can collect so much money,is difficult to solve.,1.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,of course,_ made the others unhappy.,A.which B.who C.this,D.what,2.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.,A.which B.when C.that D.where,3.The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.,A.who B.about whom C.whom D.with whom,4.Please take any seat _ is free.,A.which B.where C.in which D.that,5.The old man has two sons,_ is a soldier.,A.one of whom B.both of them C.all of whom D.none of them,6.This is the ship _ we crossed the Pacific(,太平洋,).,A.by which B.by that C.where D.in which,7.New York is famous for its sky-scrapers(,摩天大楼,)_ has more than 100,storeys,.,A.the higher of them B.the highest of which,C.the highest of them D.some of which,8.My home village is no longer the same _ it used to be.,A.which B.as C.where D.when,9.In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m.,_ many people have gone home.,A.whose time B.that C.at which D.by which time,10.The boy _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.,A.who B.whose C.that,D.which,11.The weather turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expect.,A.what B.which C.that D.it,12.Mr.Wang is a boss,_ factory Li Ping worked.,A.in whose B.whose C.in whom D.of which,13.I dont like the way_ you speak to her.,A./B.that C.in which D.All A,B,and C,14.I shall never forget the years _ I lived in the country with the farmers,has a good effect on my life.,A.that,which B.when,which C.which,that D.when,who,15._ is known to all,China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or,30 years time,.,A.What B.That C.As D.It,16.Is this book _ you want to borrow from the library?,A.that B.which C.the one D./,17.Such a book _ you showed me is difficult to understand.,A.that B.which C.as D.like,18.The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _ were popular then.,A./B.that C.which D.who,19.This is the store _ we visited the famous shop assistants.,A.where B.there C.that D.which,20.Im going to spend my holiday in Beijing,_ live my old parents.,A.which B.that C.where D.there,21.If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men,women will spend more time in the shop.,A.that B.which C.when D.where,22.why does she always ask you for help?,there is no one else _,is there?,A.who to turn to B.she can turn to,C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn,23.The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.,A.which;where B.at which;which,C.at which;where D.which;in which,