英美文学史件.pptx
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1、English Literature in the 18th CentryGroup 4 IntroductionIntroduction1.Enlightenment-WesternEurope,18tha progressive intellectual movementthe struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalismEnglish enlighteners differ from those of Francemost English writers are enlightenersa.moderate group-moderate gr
2、oup-support the principles of the existing society(Alexander Pope,Joseph Addison,Richard Steele,Daniel Defoe and Samuel Richardson)b.radical group-radical group-struggle for a resolute democratisation(Jonathan Swift,Henry Fielding,Tobias Gorge Smollett,Oliver Goldsmith and Richard Brinsley Sheridan)
3、2.LiteraryChariacteristicsoftheAgethe mainthe main literary steam literary steam-realism-realismthe main the main characterscharacters of the works-common menof the works-common menconcentrations-describe the daily lifeconcentrations-describe the daily lifeLiterature:newspaper(newborn),books,magazin
4、eLiterature:newspaper(newborn),books,magazines,pamphlets)s,pamphlets)An age of An age of posepose-poetry was inadequate-poetry was inadequate(Addison,Steele,Swift and Fielding)(Addison,Steele,Swift and Fielding)Novel writing:common people instead of kings Novel writing:common people instead of kings
5、 and noblesand noblesWriting device-Writing device-satire(Pope,Swift and Fielding)-satire(Pope,Swift and Fielding)3.EnglishLiteratureintheThreeStagesoftheEnligthenmenta.thefirstperiod(GloriousRevolution-theendofthe1730s)neo-classicisminpoetry(AlexanderPope)anewposeliteratureappeared-essaysofAddison,
6、Steele;thefirstrealisticfictionofDefoeandSwift(majorauthor)b.thesecondperiod(1740s-1750s,mature)novelsofRichardson,FieldingandSmollettc.thethirdperiod(thelastfewdecadesofthe18thcentury)newliterarytendencies:sentimentalism-poetry(EdwardYoungandThomasGray)chieflyinnovels(LaurenceSterneandOliverGoldsmi
7、th)pre-romanticism-poetry(minorpoets,WilliamBlakeandRobertBurns)theimportantdramatist-RichardBrinsleySheridan(realisticplaywright)Conlusion:literatureofthe18thcentury-complexthreegeneralheads:thereignofneo-classicismtheappearanceofpre-romanticpoettythebeginningofmodernnovelsThe three stages of the e
8、nlightenmentthefirstperiod-the early period(from the glorious revolution to the end of the 1730s)Literature:Neo-ClassicismNeo-ClassicismThethirdperiod-thelastperiod(1760s-1800s)sentimentalism&pre-romanticismThesecondperiod-thematureperiod(1740s-1750s)novel:Richardson,Fielding,Smollettthefirstperiod-
9、the early period(from the glorious revolution to the end of the 1730s)Literature:Neo-ClassicismNeo-ClassicismNeo-ClassicismNeo-ClassicismFeatures:writers endeavored to imitate the characteristics of the Roman writers who made Roman literature famous in the days of Augustus,such as Horace,Virgil,Cice
10、ro.the tried to make English literature conform to rules and principles established by the great Roman and Greek classical writers.(in writing plays,using rhyming couplet instead of blank verse;they observed the unities of time,place and action;and poetry should follow the ancient divisions).Majorfi
11、guresoftheNeo-ClassicalSchool*Alexander Pope(1688-1744)*Richard Steele and Joseph Addison*Samuel Johnson(1709-1784)*James Boswell(1740-1795)Neo-ClassicismNeo-ClassicismNeo-ClassicismNeo-ClassicismMajorfiguresAlexanderPope(1688-1744)A master of satire and heroic couplet,and satiric and didactic verse
12、.Works:An Essay on Criticism-heroic coupletHe put forward his aesthetic theories in it and it is a comprehensive study of the theories of literary criticism.The Rape of the Lock-mock-heroic poemAn Essay on Man-heroic coupletThe Dunciad-Popes famous satirical poem It shows the poets struggle against
13、ignorance and barbarism as well as dullness and emptiness all around him.Influnce/Cnotribution:He exerted a strong influence upon the other writers of the age.He introduced the spirit of rationalism into English culture.The early 18th century has often been named as the Age of Pope.Neo-ClassicismNeo
14、-ClassicismMajorfiguresRichardSteeleandJosephAddison(The two names are often linked together in English literature because of their joint literary woke.)Works:The TatlerThe paper became popular because it was just the sort of thing that suited the needs of the reading public among the bourgeoisie.Th
15、e SpectatorThe most striking features of the paper are the character sketches of Mr Spectator and the other members of his club,which become the forerunner of the modern English novel.Neo-ClassicismNeo-ClassicismMajorfiguresContribution:their writings in The Tatler and The Spectator provide a new co
16、de of social morality for the rising bourgeoisie.The draw a true picture of the social life of England in the 18th century.In their hands,the English essay completely established itself as a literary genre.Using it as a form of character sketching and storytelling,they ushered in the dawn of the mod
17、ern novelSamuel Johnson(1709-1784)Works:The Dictionary of the English LanguageThe dictionary brought him much fame and it became the foundation of all the subsequent English dictionaries.Lives of the Poets It consists of the biographies of 52 poets and provide some of the best-known pictures of the
18、early English poets.Neo-ClassicismNeo-ClassicismMajorfiguresJames Boswell(1740-1795)He has been known for his biography of Johnson entitled The Life of Samuel Johnson,owing to which,he has been considered one of the best biographers in English literature.Neo-ClassicismNeo-ClassicismMajorfiguresThese
19、condperiod-thematureperiod(1740s-1750s)novel:Richardson,Fielding,SmollettthematureperiodoftheEnlightment(1740-1750realisticnovelists:Fielding and Smollet Fierce attack on the existing social conditions Sentimentalnovelists:Richardson HenryFielding(1707-1754)EntitlesEntitles:a novelist(the greatest n
20、ovelist of the eighteenth:a novelist(the greatest novelist of the eighteenth century),a dramatist,an essayist P93century),a dramatist,an essayist P93 LifeexperienceLifeexperience:came from an aristocratic family came from an aristocratic family A popular playwriter in London(satiric comedies),expose
21、 the A popular playwriter in London(satiric comedies),expose the corruption,hypocrisy and cruelty of officials and arouse hatred corruption,hypocrisy and cruelty of officials and arouse hatred of ruling class,forced to end his career as a playwright.of ruling class,forced to end his career as a play
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