托福写作审题结构和提纲.ppt
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1、审题,结构和提纲审题,结构和提纲一、价值判断类型(should,important,necessary,prefer,better)People should insist on a challenging plan rather than a practical plan.Universities students should be required to take history courses no matter what field they study.A low-paid but secure job is better than a job with a high salary
2、 but easy to lose.结构 回答why?1.背景+引出话题+我的观点 2.中心句(原因一)(原因一)+举例分析+总结 3.中心句(原因二)(原因二)+举例分析+总结 4.中心句(原因三)(原因三)+举例分析+总结 5.让步段(Admittedly中心句+分析+However中心句+分析)6.总结 若题目中仅有一个事物,让步段可写可不写。若写,则比较这个事物的优缺点。若题目中有两个比较对象,最好有一个让步段比较这两个对象。People should insist on a challenging plan rather than a practical plan.1.challen
3、ging plans2.propel society to move forward(the invention of planes,computers,internet)3.forster the value of perseverance(Edison,Nobel)4.bring happy accidents(the creation of gunpowder)5.Admittedly,practical plans are likely to succeed,but are seldom motivating.However,challening plans can motivate
4、people,arouse enthusiam and promote creativity.6.summaryPeople should insist on a challenging plan rather than a practical plan.1.practical plans2.accomplish the plan with high quality on time(homework)3.build up confidence to undertake tasks(marathon)4.ensure the steady progress of a business,an or
5、ganization or even a society(a chain store expands too quickly to go bankrupt;great leap of economy)5.Admittedly,challenging plans are more exciting.However,challening plans can make people stressed,anxious and likely to make mistakes.6.summaryUniversities students should be required to take history
6、 courses no matter what field they study.1.should not2.cause more academic pressure(a medical student)3.unnecessary cost for students(hire more history teachers;the increased cost will be reflected in the tuition fee)4.Admittedly,taking history course can emulate succeful models,cultivate patriotism
7、 and a sense of reponsibility for the society.However,this knowledge can be acquired through many other means such as books,magazines,TV documentaries,the Internet,etc.5.summaryUniversities students should be required to take history courses no matter what field they study.1.should 2.study history s
8、ystematically(teacher,references which are reliable,but info from other means such as the Internet is not credible)3.get inspired by elites in history(A.Lincoln,Franklin)4.cultivate a patriotism and a sense of responsibilty for society(war,the progress of a society,the establishment of a country)5.A
9、dmittedly,taking history course takes time and energy.However,compared to the benefits,the efforts and costs are worthwhile.6.summaryA low-paid but secure job is better than a job with a high salary but easy to lose.1.a job with a high salary2.guarantees better material life(food,medicine,health;spi
10、ritual enjoyment)3.means better social status,i.e.respect and recognition from the society(doctors,business learders,high salary is equal to capability)4.Admittedly,secure jobs can make people feel less pressure,but without a high income,a person has to make to with the second best.5.summaryA low-pa
11、id but secure job is better than a job with a high salary but easy to lose.1.a secure job2.less pressure(physical and mental health,teacher)3.more time and energy to pursue personal hobbies and interest(my aunt,not much money,but enjoy brush painting,growing flowers,enjoy life)4.more time to pend wi
12、th family members to create a harmonious family(Liyang,the founder of Crazy English,high salary but on business,less time with family,less communication,break up)5.Admittedly,high salary can guarantee material life,but without enjoyment of life,its meaningless.6.summary二、现象证明类Advertisements make the
13、 products seem better than they really are.Technology makes peoples lives simpler or more complicated.Movies and television have more negative effects than positive effects on young people.结构 回答How?1.背景+引出话题+我的观点 2.中心句(分析一或拆分举例类别一)(分析一或拆分举例类别一)+举例分析+总结 3.中心句(分析分析二二或拆分举例类别二或拆分举例类别二)+举例分析+总结 4.中心句(分析三
14、或拆分举例类别三)(分析三或拆分举例类别三)+举例分析+总结 (让步段可要可不要,想不够观点就要)5.总结Advertisements make the products seem better than they really are.1.agree2.exagerated functions and effects(diet pills but not effective at all)3.celebrities(Jay chou,milk tea but not healty,nor that tasty;sports star,calcium pills but no help,spo
15、rts wear but not extraordinary)4.misleading pictures(mouth-watering fried chips but of high calories,magical power which has nothing to do with the toy)5.summaryTechnology makes peoples lives simpler or more complicated.1.more puters(supermarket,out of power,cashiers desk is computer-based thus out
16、of service.)3.the Internet(on-line shopping,some products can only be bought from on-line,xiaomi cellphone;giving away ones personal information;fraud,junkmail)4.nuclear energy(leakage,radiation,Japan nuclear power plant)5.summaryMovies and television have more negative effects than positive effects
17、 on young people.1.more positive effects2.widen horizon(expand outlook,know the world.Three Idiots,Around the word)3.educational(The World of Animals,learn zoology;The Leture Room,learn Chinese culture and history;Ted,motivating and inspiring)4.entertainment(relax,cartoons,talk shows,comedies,happin
18、ess,espace from heavy work,more energetic and efficient)5.Admittedly,negative effects,addiction,violence,unnecussary nuidity.However,with guidance,more advantages.6.summary3.今昔对比类People are now easier to become educated than in the past.People in the past were eaiser to be happy and satisfied than t
19、hey are today.In twenty years,there will be fewer cars in use than in today.结构1.1.背景背景+引出话题引出话题+我的观点我的观点2.2.中心句中心句(变化因素一)(变化因素一)+现在情况现在情况+对比过去情况对比过去情况3.3.中心句中心句(变化因素二)(变化因素二)+现在情况现在情况+对比过去情况对比过去情况4.4.中心句中心句(变化因素三)(变化因素三)+现在情况现在情况+对比过去情况对比过去情况5.5.总结总结People are now easier to become educated than in t
20、he past.1.agree2.more shcools and better facilities.Now,private school,public schools,vocational schools,training center,summer school.Lab,library,etc.In the past,.3.diverse means of getting educated.On-line courses,open classes,various resources for self-study.Enlgish,video,audio,etc.In the past,.4
21、.women have equal rights to have education.In the past,.5.better-off life,money to get education.In the past,.6.Summary People in the past were eaiser to be happy and satisfied than they are today.1.disagree2.better living standards free people of starvation,cold,etc.In the past,.grandma,1942 starva
22、tion3.advanced medical conditions guarantee a longer life span.In the past,.supersition,witch doctors.4.high-tech brings much convenience.In the past,.travel,get in touch,away from home,homesick5.SummaryIn twenty years,there will be fewer cars in use than in today.1.agree2.less petroleum,higher oil
23、prices.statistics.in 20 years,the general public may not be able to afford it.3.the trend of low-carbon products,car emission,global warming,environment protection,in 20 years,environment problems are severe enough for citizens to take action immediately.4.the rapid development of public transportat
24、ion systems,in 20ys,convenient and sophisticated system.5.summary4.政府投资Governments should focus its budget more on art museums and concert halls than on recreational facilities such as swimming pools and playground.Governments should focus its budget more on young children education than on universi
25、ties.Governments should spend more money on environment protection than on economic development.结构1.背景+引出话题+我的观点投资A2.中心句(投资A的好处一/必要性一)+举例分析+总结3.中心句(投资A的好处二/必要性二)+举例分析+总结4.让步段,B也需要钱,但是钱有其它来源或其它方式解决,而A主要依赖政府给钱。5.总结 Governments should focus its budget more on art museums and concert halls than on recre
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- 托福 写作 审题 结构 提纲
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