初中状语从句考点归纳.doc
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1、状语从句状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。1. 时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when, as(当.时候), while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如:He had learned a little Chinese before he came to C
2、hina.After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.(2)在时间状语从句里,主句用将来时态时,从句通常不用将来时态,用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。(主将从现)例如:Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes back.He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句
3、里,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是“一直到时”,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式,其含义是“直到才”,“在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间性动词。例如:The young man read till the light went out.Lets wait until the rain stops.We wont start until Bob comes.Dont get off until the bus stops.2. 条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless(除非)引导。例如:What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?Dont le
4、ave the building unless I tell you to.(2)在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。(主将从现)例如:(必考)Ill help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.He wont be late unless he is ill.(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如:Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late.Study hard and
5、you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.3. 原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如:He didnt come to school because he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.(2)because表示直接原因,语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。A
6、s和since语气较弱,一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如:-Why arent going there?-Because I dont want to.As he has no car, he cant get there easily.Since we have no money, we cant buy it.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。4. 结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由sothat, suchthat引导。例如:He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for his son.She i
7、s such a good teacher that everybody likes her.(2)sothat与such.that可以互换(可能会考)。例如:在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中,so是副词,与形容词连用。其结构是: “.so + 形容词(副词)+ that + 从句”。例如:Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中,such是形容词,它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词,也可以是不可数名词;名词前面可以带形容词,也可不带。如果是单数可数名词,前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如
8、:It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如:It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that no
9、body wants to miss it.(3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时,只能用so, 不用such。例如:Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema with you.5. 比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由asas(否定not so/as.as), 比较级 + than等连词引导。例如:Tom runs faster than John does.This cl
10、assroom is as big as that one.6. 目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that引导。例如:We started early so that we could catch the first train.He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.We used the computer in order that we might save time.(2)so that既可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个:1)目的状
11、语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。2)从意思上看,目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如:Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)7. 让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导。例如:Though he is young, he knows a lot.Although I am tired, I must go on working.(2)altho
12、ugh(though)与but不能用在同一个句子中。例如:我们不能说:Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.应该说:Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out.8. 地点状语从句地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如:Go where you like.Where there is a will, there is a way.易混引导词while, when的区别:1.when既可以指时间点,与
13、瞬间动词连用,也可以指时间段,与延续性动词连用(=while)。如:When he came in, his mother was cooking.When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day.While表示时间段,因此,while 从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。如:Please dont talk so loud while others are working.2Because,as,since 的区别:Because用于表示直接原因,回答why提出的问题,语气最强;As用于说明原因, 着重点在主句,常译成
14、由于;since表示显然的或已知的理由或事实,常译成既然。如:Water is very important because we cant live without it.He didnt come yesterday as his mother was ill.Ill do it for you since you are busy.【实例解析】1.You will stay healthy _ you do more exercise, such as running and walking.A. if B. how C. before D. where2. -Shall we go o
15、n working?-Yes, _ I prefer to have a rest.A. when B. if C. because D. though3.None of us knew what had happened _ they told us about it.A. when B. until C. after D. though4.-I hope youll enjoy your trip, dear!-Thank you, mum. Ill give you a call _ I get there.A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till考
16、点精炼一. 单项填空1. _ hes old, he can still carry this heavy bag.A. Though B. Since C. For D. So2. -Do you know if he _ to play basket ball with us?-I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow.A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be3. In the zoo if a child _ into the water and
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