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机械制造专业英语.ppt
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1、MACHINING TECHNOLOGY1.3 BASIC MOTIONS IN MACHINE TOOLS1.4 ASPECTS OF MACHINING TECHNOLOGY1.3 BASIC MOTIONS IN MACHINE TOOLSIn conventional machine tools,a large number of product features are generated or formed via thevariety of motions given to the tool or the WP.The shape of the tool plays a cons
2、iderable role in thefinal surface obtained.Basically,there are two types of motions in a machine tool.The primary motion,generally given to the tool or WP,constitutes the cutting speed.While the secondary motion feeds the tool relative to the WP.In some instances,combined primary motion is given eit
3、her to the tool or to the WP.A classification of machine tool movements used for traditional machining is given in Table 1.2.Table 1.3 gives a classification for nontraditional machining technology.It may be concluded that movements of nontraditional machine tools are simple and mainly in the Z dire
4、ction,while traditional machine tools have a minimum of two axes,that is,X and Y directions in addition to rotational movements.1.4 ASPECTS OF MACHINING TECHNOLOGYMachining technology covers a wide range of aspects that should be understood for proper understanding and selection of a given machining
5、 technology.Tooling,accessories,and the machine tool itself determine the nature of machining operation used for a particular material.As shown on the right-hand side of Figure 1.7,the main objective of the technology adopted is to utilize the selected machining resources to produce the component ec
6、onomically and at high rates of production.Parts should be machined at levels of accuracy,surface texture,and surface integrity that satisfy the product designer and avoid the need for postmachining treatment,which,in turn,maintains acceptable machining costs.The general aspects of machining technol
7、ogy include:1.4.11.4.21.4.31.4.41.4.51.4.6MACHINE TOOLWORKPIECE MATERIALMACHINING PRODUCTIVITYACCURACY AND SURFACE INTEGRITYPRODUCT DESIGN FOR ECONOMICAL MACHININGENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF MACHINING1.4.1 MACHINE TOOLEach machine tool is capable of performing several machining operations to produce th
8、e part required at the specified accuracy and surface integrity.Machining is performed on a variety of general-purpose machine tools that in turn perform many operations,including chip removal and abrasion techniques,by which cylindrical and flat surfaces are produced.Additionally,specialpurpose mac
9、hine tools are used to machine gears,threads,and other irregular shapes.Finishing technology for different geometries includes grinding,honing,lapping,and superfinishing techniques.Figure 1.8 shows generalpurpose machine tools used for traditional machining in chip removal and abrasion techniques.Ty
10、pical examples of general-purpose machine tools include turning,drilling,shaping,milling,grinding,broaching,jig boring,and lapping machines intended for specific tasks.Gear cutting and thread cutting are examples of special-purpose machine tools.During the use of general-or special-purpose manual ma
11、chine tools,product accuracy and productivity depend on the operators participation during operation.Capstan and turret lathes are typical machines that somewhat reduce the operators role during machining of bar-type or chucking-type WPs at higher rates and better accuracy.Semiautomatic machine tool
12、s perform automatically controlled movements,while the WP has to be hand loaded and unloaded.Fully automatic machine tools are those machines in which WP handling and cutting and other auxiliary activities are performed automatically.Semiautomatic and automatic machine tools are best suited for larg
13、e production lots where the operators interference is minimized or completely eliminated,and parts are machined more accurately and economically.NC machine tools utilize a form of programmable automation by numbers,letters,and symbols using a control unit and tape reader,while CNC machine tools util
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