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6商业智能的基础:数据和信息管理.ppt
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1、6.16Chapter Foundations of Foundations of Business Intelligence:Business Intelligence:Databases and Databases and Information Information ManagementManagement6.2LEARNING OBJECTIVESManagement Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsChapter 6 Foundations of Business Intelligence:Databases Cha
2、pter 6 Foundations of Business Intelligence:Databases and Information Managementand Information ManagementDescribe how the problems of managing data resources in a traditional file environment are solved by a database management systemDescribe the capabilities and value of a database management syst
3、emApply important database design principlesEvaluate tools and technologies for accessing information from databases to improve business performance and decision makingAssess the role of information policy,data administration,and data quality assurance in the management of firms data resources6.3Can
4、 HP Mine Success from an Enterprise Data Warehouse?Problem:HPs numerous systems unable to deliver the information needed for a complete picture of business operations,lack of data consistencySolutions:Build a data warehouse with a single global enterprise-wide database;replacing 17 database technolo
5、gies and 14,000 databases in useCreated consistent data models for all enterprise data and proprietary platformDemonstrates importance of database management in creating timely,accurate data and reportsIllustrates need to standardize how data from disparate sources are stored,organized,and managedMa
6、nagement Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsChapter 6 Foundations of Business Intelligence:Databases Chapter 6 Foundations of Business Intelligence:Databases and Information Managementand Information Management6.4Organizing Data in a Traditional File EnvironmentFile organization concep
7、tsComputer system organizes data in a hierarchyField:Group of characters as word(s)or numberRecord:Group of related fieldsFile:Group of records of same type Database:Group of related filesRecord:Describes an entityEntity:Person,place,thing on which we store informationAttribute:Each characteristic,o
8、r quality,describing entityE.g.,Attributes Date or Grade belong to entity COURSEManagement Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsChapter 6 Foundations of Business Intelligence:Databases Chapter 6 Foundations of Business Intelligence:Databases and Information Managementand Information Mana
9、gement6.5The Data HierarchyThe Data HierarchyFigure 6-1A computer system organizes data in a hierarchy that starts with the bit,which represents either a 0 or a 1.Bits can be grouped to form a byte to represent one character,number,or symbol.Bytes can be grouped to form a field,and related fields ca
10、n be grouped to form a record.Related records can be collected to form a file,and related files can be organized into a database.Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsChapter 6 Foundations of Business Intelligence:Databases Chapter 6 Foundations of Business Intelligence:Databas
11、es and Information Managementand Information ManagementOrganizing Data in a Traditional File Environment6.6Problems with the traditional file environment(files maintained separately by different departments)Data redundancy and inconsistencyData redundancy:Presence of duplicate data in multiple files
12、Data inconsistency:Same attribute has different valuesProgram-data dependence:When changes in program requires changes to data accessed by programLack of flexibilityPoor securityLack of data sharing and availabilityManagement Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsChapter 6 Foundations of
13、Business Intelligence:Databases Chapter 6 Foundations of Business Intelligence:Databases and Information Managementand Information ManagementOrganizing Data in a Traditional File Environment6.7Traditional File ProcessingTraditional File ProcessingFigure 6-2The use of a traditional approach to file p
14、rocessing encourages each functional area in a corporation to develop specialized applications and files.Each application requires a unique data file that is likely to be a subset of the master file.These subsets of the master file lead to data redundancy and inconsistency,processing inflexibility,a
15、nd wasted storage resources.Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsChapter 6 Foundations of Business Intelligence:Databases Chapter 6 Foundations of Business Intelligence:Databases and Information Managementand Information ManagementOrganizing Data in a Traditional File Environm
16、ent6.8DatabaseCollection of data organized to serve many applications by centralizing data and controlling redundant dataDatabase management systemInterfaces between application programs and physical data filesSeparates logical and physical views of dataSolves problems of traditional file environmen
17、tControls redundancyEliminates inconsistencyUncouples programs and dataEnables organization to central manage data and data securityThe Database Approach to Data ManagementManagement Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsChapter 6 Foundations of Business Intelligence:Databases Chapter 6 F
18、oundations of Business Intelligence:Databases and Information Managementand Information Management6.9Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsChapter 6 Foundations of Business Intelligence:Databases Chapter 6 Foundations of Business Intelligence:Databases and Information Managemen
19、tand Information ManagementFigure 6-3A single human resources database provides many different views of data,depending on the information requirements of the user.Illustrated here are two possible views,one of interest to a benefits specialist and one of interest to a member of the companys payroll
20、department.Human Resources Database with Multiple ViewsHuman Resources Database with Multiple ViewsThe Database Approach to Data Management6.10Relational DBMSRepresent data as two-dimensional tables called relations or filesEach table contains data on entity and attributesTable:grid of columns and r
21、owsRows(tuples):Records for different entitiesFields(columns):Represents attribute for entityKey field:Field used to uniquely identify each recordPrimary key:Field in table used for key fieldsForeign key:Primary key used in second table as look-up field to identify records from original tableManagem
22、ent Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsChapter 6 Foundations of Business Intelligence:Databases Chapter 6 Foundations of Business Intelligence:Databases and Information Managementand Information ManagementThe Database Approach to Data Management6.11Management Information SystemsManagem
23、ent Information SystemsChapter 6 Foundations of Business Intelligence:Databases Chapter 6 Foundations of Business Intelligence:Databases and Information Managementand Information ManagementFigure 6-4AA relational database organizes data in the form of two-dimensional tables.Illustrated here are tabl
24、es for the entities SUPPLIER and PART showing how they represent each entity and its attributes.Supplier_Number is a primary key for the SUPPLIER table and a foreign key for the PART table.Relational Database TablesRelational Database TablesThe Database Approach to Data Management6.12Management Info
25、rmation SystemsManagement Information SystemsChapter 6 Foundations of Business Intelligence:Databases Chapter 6 Foundations of Business Intelligence:Databases and Information Managementand Information ManagementFigure 6-4BRelational Database Tables(cont.)Relational Database Tables(cont.)The Database
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- 关 键 词:
- 商业 智能 基础 数据 信息管理
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