爱默生-Ralph-Waldo-Emerson-PPT.ppt
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1、爱默生 Ralph Waldo Emersonv TranscendentalistsTranscendentalists celebrated the power of celebrated the power of human imagination to commune with the universe human imagination to commune with the universe and transcend the limitations of the material and transcend the limitations of the material worl
2、d.The transcendentalists found their chief world.The transcendentalists found their chief source of inspiration in nature.source of inspiration in nature.2Major features of New England TranscendentalismMajor features of New England Transcendentalism Emphasis on spirit,or the Oversoul,as the Emphasis
3、 on spirit,or the Oversoul,as the most important thing in the universe.The most important thing in the universe.The Oversoul was an all-pervading power for Oversoul was an all-pervading power for goodness,omnipresent and omnipotent,from goodness,omnipresent and omnipotent,from which all things came
4、and of which all were a which all things came and of which all were a part.It existed in nature and man alike and part.It existed in nature and man alike and constituted the chief element of the universe.constituted the chief element of the universe.3 Emphasis on the importance of the individual.To
5、Emphasis on the importance of the individual.To them the individual was the most important element them the individual was the most important element of society.As the regeneration of society could only of society.As the regeneration of society could only come about through the regeneration of the c
6、ome about through the regeneration of the individual,his perfection,his self-culture and self-individual,his perfection,his self-culture and self-improvement,and not the frenzied effort to get improvement,and not the frenzied effort to get rich,should become the first concern of his life.The rich,sh
7、ould become the first concern of his life.The ideal type man was the self-reliant individual.ideal type man was the self-reliant individual.4 Offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God.Nature was,to them,not purely matter.It was alive,filled with Gods overwhelming presence
8、.It was the garment of the oversoul.Therefore it could exercise a healthy and restorative influence on the human mind.What the transcendentalists seemed to be saying was,“Go back to nature,sink yourself back into its influence,and youll become spiritually whole again.”The natural tended to become sy
9、mbolic,and the physical world was a symbol of the spiritual.5 Emersons essay Nature(1836)was the first major document of the transcendental school and stated the ideas that were to remain central to it.His other key transcendentalist works include The American Scholar(1837),a volume in which he addr
10、essed the intellectuals duty to culture,and Self-Reliance(1841),an essay in which he asserted the importance of being true to ones own nature.6The major features Firstly,they placed emphasis on spirit,or the Over soul,as the most important thing in the Universe.首先,超验主义者强调精神,或超灵,认为这是宇宙至为首先,超验主义者强调精神,
11、或超灵,认为这是宇宙至为重要的存在因素。重要的存在因素。7Secondly,they stressed the importance of the individual.To them,the individual was the most important element of society.其二,超验主义者强调个人的重要性。他们认为个人是社会其二,超验主义者强调个人的重要性。他们认为个人是社会的最重要的组成部分。的最重要的组成部分。The major features 8大家应该也有点累了,稍作休息大家有疑问的,可以询问和交流大家有疑问的,可以询问和交流大家有疑问的,可以询问和交流大家
12、有疑问的,可以询问和交流9Thirdly,they offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God.Nature was,to them,alive,filled with Gods overwhelming presence.其三,超验主义者以全新的目光看待自然,认为自其三,超验主义者以全新的目光看待自然,认为自然界是超灵或上帝的象征。在他们看来,自然界不只然界是超灵或上帝的象征。在他们看来,自然界不只是物质而已。是物质而已。The major features10Main requires:1.至善
13、至善【absolute good】2.纯洁无暇纯洁无暇【unspotted innocence of nature】3.人具有神性人具有神性【humanity was godlike and that evil was nonexistent appeared to be an optimistic folly】11We will work with our own hands.We will speak our own minds.We will walk with our own feet.-Ralph Waldo Emerson12 Ralph Waldo Emerson Ralph W
14、aldo Emerson (1803-1882)American philosopher,poet and essayistThe most eloquent spokesman of New EnglandTranscendentalism.13LifeRalph Waldo Emerson was born on the same street as the birth home of Benjamin Franklin.His father was a famous minister who encouraged young Ralph to pursue philosophy at a
15、 young age.His father passed away when he was 8 and Emerson is left to support his four other brothers.Ralph was asked to share a coat with his brother Edward to save finances.Despite the hardships,all the Emerson boys,except one,graduated from Harvard University.14lifeAfter graduation,Emerson becam
16、e a school teacher in suburban Boston.In 1823,he graduated from seminary school and became a priest神父 to follow in the footsteps of his father.15wEssays:1.Nature 18362.American Scholar 18373.Divinity School Address 18384.Essay(two series)1841 18445.Representative Men 18506.English Traits 18567.The C
17、onduct of Life 18608.Society and Solitude 18709.Letters and Social Aims 1876 10.Self-Reliance 184116Poems:1.Poems 18472.May Day 18673.Concord Hymn 18374.The Rhodora 18465.The Humble Bee 18476.Days17The scholar is that man who must take up into The scholar is that man who must take up into himself al
18、l the ability of the time,all the himself all the ability of the time,all the contributions of the past,all the hopes of the contributions of the past,all the hopes of the future,he must be an university of knowledgefuture,he must be an university of knowledge.In the woods,we return to reason and fa
19、ith,there I In the woods,we return to reason and faith,there I feel that nothing can befall me in life-no feel that nothing can befall me in life-no disgrace,no calamitydisgrace,no calamity,which nature cannot repair,which nature cannot repair.你若是爱千古,你应该爱现在;昨日不能唤回来,明日还是你若是爱千古,你应该爱现在;昨日不能唤回来,明日还是不实在;
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