—名词性从句课件.ppt
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1、名词性从句名词性从句 Unit 1 The world of our sense Grammar Noun clause名词性从句名词性从句名词从句又可分别称为名词从句又可分别称为名词从句又可分别称为名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和和和和同位语从句。同位语从句。同位语从句。同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连接词:连接词:that,whether,if连接代词:连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,wh
2、ich.连接副词:连接副词:when,where,how,why 一主语从句一主语从句 主主语语从从句句是是在在复复合合句句中中充充当当主主语语的的从从句句,通通常常放放在在主主句句谓谓语语动动词词之之前前或或由由形形式式主主语语itit代代替替,而而本本身身放放在句子末尾。在句子末尾。1.It 1.It 1.It 1.It 作形式主语作形式主语作形式主语作形式主语 It 作作形形式式主主语语代代替替主主语语从从句句,主主要要是是为为了了平平衡衡句句子子结结构构,主主语语从从句句的的连连接接词词没没有有变化。例如:变化。例如:It is a pity that you didnt go to
3、see the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.Subject clause引导主语从句的连词主要有引导主语从句的连词主要有:一一.由由 that 引导的主从引导的主从:1.That we shall be late is certain.2._ is known to all.(地球是圆的地球是圆的)3._ is a pity.(你错过了这次机会你错过了这次机会)that 不作成分,无意义不作成分,无意义,但不能省略但不能省略.后接一个完整的后接一个完整的陈述句陈述句.That the earth is roundT
4、hat you missed the chancethatwhether疑问词疑问词n注:that 引导的主语从句作主语,谓语用单数。nThat 引导的主从,常用形式主语it 代替,that 从句后移。nThat we need time is obvious.nIt is obvious that we need time.n2.What 引导的主从,what作主语,宾语或表语,表。的东西nWhat we need is time.nWhat he said it is true.nWhat 引导的主从,谓语动词视后面的名词而定。nWhat we need time.nWhat he gav
5、e me are two books.is what 引引导导主主语语从从句句时时在在句句时时在在从从句句中中充充当当句句子子成成分分,如如主主语语宾宾语语表表语语,而而that 则则不不然。例如:然。例如:1)_you said yesterday is right.2)_she is still alive is a good thing.It is right what you said yesterday.It is a good thing that she is still alive.WhatThat2.what 与与that 在引导主语从句时的区别在引导主语从句时的区别n n3
6、.由whether引导的主从:e.g.Whether hell be able to come is not yet known.Whether we will succeed is still a question.主语从句不能用if来引导;Ex:1.是否我们要参加这次会议仍未被决定。Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.陈述语序陈述语序4.疑问词引导的主语从句 what;which;who;whom;when;where;why;how 原则:缺什么补什么缺什么补什么nWhat he said at the m
7、eeting surprised us.nWho will win the game is not clear.nWhere he will go is unknown.n nWhy they have not left yet puzzled me.n nHow we can get there is a problem.1._ makes this shop different is that it offers 1._ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.more personal serv
8、ices.A.What B.Who C.Whatever D.A.What B.Who C.Whatever D.WhoeverWhoever2._I can pay back the help that people give me 2._I can pay back the help that people give me makes me very happy.makes me very happy.A.Where B.What C.That D.HowA.Where B.What C.That D.How3.It3.It s not clear _s not clear _ was r
9、esponsible for the _ was responsible for the accident.accident.A.Who B.What C.How D.ThatA.Who B.What C.How D.ThatAEx.CA 二宾语从句二宾语从句二宾语从句二宾语从句 宾宾语语从从句句就就是是在在复复合合句句中中作作宾宾语语的的名名词词性性从从句句,通通常常放放在在主主句句谓谓语语动动词词(及及物动词物动词)或介词之后。或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语作动词的宾语 (1)由由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略通常可以省略),例如:例如:I heard that
10、 he joined the army.(2)由由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句,例如:引导的宾语从句,例如:She did not know what had happened.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.(3)动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如:动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如:She told me that she would accept my invitation.2.作介词的宾语,作介词的宾语,例如:例如:Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate(合
11、作)合作)with one another.3.作形容词的宾语,作形容词的宾语,例如:例如:I am afraid(that)Ive made a mistake.I am sure (that)he will win the game.4.it 可以作为形式宾语可以作为形式宾语 it 不不仅仅可可以以作作为为形形式式主主语语,还还可可以以作作为为形形式式宾宾语语而而真真正正的的宾宾语语that 从从句句则则放放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如:例如:We thought it good news that the fog had finally g
12、one.Object clause引导宾语从句的连词主要有引导宾语从句的连词主要有:1 1.that.that引导的宾从引导的宾从 She sensed she was being watching.We believe he is honest.I told him I would come back soon.单个的宾语从句中连词that可以省略.thatif/whether疑问词疑问词thatthatthat如果宾语从句是由如果宾语从句是由andand或是或是butbut连接的两个句子连接的两个句子,那么那么要用要用2 2个连词分别引导两个句子个连词分别引导两个句子,并且不能省略并且不能
13、省略.He said that he liked rain very much andthat he would not use an umbrella.2.if/whether 引导的宾从 如果宾语从句为如果宾语从句为一般疑问句一般疑问句一般疑问句一般疑问句时时,用用if if或或whetherwhether来引导来引导e.g.I wonder if/whether he will come on time.e.g.I wonder if/whether he will come on time.if 和和whether 的选用的选用1)从句是一般疑问句作动词的宾语从句是一般疑问句作动词的宾
14、语,二者都可用二者都可用;2)Whether or not搭配搭配,不能用不能用if;whether whether 与与与与 if if 均为均为均为均为“是否是否是否是否”的意思。但在下列情况下,的意思。但在下列情况下,的意思。但在下列情况下,的意思。但在下列情况下,whether whether 不能被不能被不能被不能被 if if 所取代:所取代:所取代:所取代:1.主语从句不能用主语从句不能用ifWhether he will come is unknown.2.表语从句不能用表语从句不能用if,如:,如:The question is whether you should acce
15、pt it.3.同位语从句不能用同位语从句不能用if,如:,如:The question whether hell attend the meeting is not decided.4.从句作介词的宾语不能用从句作介词的宾语不能用if,如:,如:Im not interested in whether theyll go or not.It depends on whether we have got enough money.5.直接跟不定式连用,连词不能用直接跟不定式连用,连词不能用if 如:如:She hasnt decided whether to go or not.6.Wheth
16、er or not搭配搭配,不能用不能用if用if 或whether 填空n1.I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.n2.I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.n3.The question is _ this book is worth writing.4.It depends on _ we will have enough money.n5._ they can do it matters little to us.n6._ you are not free tomorrow,Ill go without y
17、ou.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf n3.疑问词引导的宾语从句nI dont know what I should do.nI dont know where he lives.nI dont know where hell visit.3.疑问词引导的宾从练习 1.I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.2.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.3.The teacher asked _ I was getting on with my
18、classmates.A.what B.that C.how D.if 4.We thought _ strange that she didnt come yesterday.A.that B.it C.this D.whatwhowhatCBndoubt 用于肯定句,其宾从用if/whethernI doubt whether he will come tomorrow.nDoubt 用于否定句,疑问句,用thatnI dont doubt that he will come tomorrow.nDo you doubt that?n5.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用:nSuggest,ins
19、ist,require,order,request,demand,propose,advice+that 主+should+V原形,should可省略。nHe suggested that a meeting should be held at once.nHe insisted that he not be sent to work in Tibet.Object clause宾语从句的注意点:宾语从句的注意点:1.1.单个的宾语从句中连词that可以省略.We believe he is honest.2.2.如如果果宾宾语语从从句句是是由由andand或或是是butbut连连接接的的两两
20、个个句句子子,那那么么要要用用2 2个连词分别引导两个句子个连词分别引导两个句子,并且不能省略并且不能省略.He said that he liked rain very much andthat he would not use an umbrella.that3.宾语从句的语序问题,用正常语序1.The photographs will show you _.A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village lo
21、oks like 2.You can hardly imagine _when he heard the news.A.how he was excited B.how was he excited C.how excited he was D.he was how excited3.He asked_for a violin.(MET92)A.did I pay how much B.I paid how much C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid BCD4.宾语从句的时态呼应宾语从句的时态呼应1).如果主句时态是现在时或将来时如果主句时态是现在时
22、或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.He believes _.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.Please tell me _.his dream will come true some daywhat you were doing at this time yesterday2).He told me.I am preparing for the exam.He told me.I have left my hometown for man
23、y years.3).老师告诉我们地球是圆的。老师告诉我们地球是圆的。The teacher told us _.He told me he was preparing for the exam.He told me he had left his hometown for many years.the earth is round主语从句与宾语从句练习主语从句与宾语从句练习1.It now appears _ they are in need of help.A.that B.which C.what D.how3.It _ he is late for class.A.may that B
24、.might thatC.may be that D.might be what4._ knows the truth will tell you about it.A.Who that B.Whoever C.Whom that D.That who5.You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do.A.which B.what C.that D.where6._ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.A.That B.Whether C.If D.Even if 三表语
25、从句三表语从句 表表语语从从句句在在复复合合句句中中作作表表语语的的名名词词性性从从句句,放放在在系系动动词词之之后后,一一般般结结构构是是“主主语语连连系系动动词词表表语语从从句句”。可可以以接接表表语语从从句句的的连连系系动动词词有有be,look,remain,seem等等。另另外外,常常用用的的还还有有the reason is that 和和It is because 等等结结构构。例如:例如:1)The question is _ we can make good preparation in such a short time.2)This is _ we cant get th
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