会计英语unit-1-Introduction-to-Accounting.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Unit 1 Introduction to Accounting,1.Definition of Accounting,2.Users and classifications of Accounting,3.Accounting Assumptions and Principles,4.Financial Statements,10/21/2026,1,What is Accounting?,Bean-counting?Hero of action?,Art?Technique?,Your answer?,Early accounting&modern accounting,10/21/2026,2,What is Accounting?,Accounting is an,information system,that,identifies,records,and,communicates,the,economic events,(transactions)of an organization to,interested users,for the purpose of,decision-making.,Process,Primary datainput,Accounting informationoutput,10/21/2026,3,Process of accounting,Identification,Select economic events,(transactions),Recording,Record,classify,and summarize,Accounting Reports,SOFTBYTE,Annual Report,Communication,10/21/2026,4,Questions asked by internal users,Is cash sufficient to pay bills?,What is the cost of manufacturing each unit of product?,Can we afford to give employee pay raises this year?,Which product line is the most profitable?,10/21/2026,6,Is its profit true?Does it pay sufficient tax?,Will the company be able to pay their debts as they come due?,How does the company compare in size and profitability with other companies?,Questions asked by external users,10/21/2026,7,Managerial,accounting,Financial,accounting,Classification,The preparation of financial reports and statements for users mainly outside the business,Provide information to internal management for decision-making,predicting,planning,controlling and evaluation.,10/21/2026,8,Only transaction data that can be expressed in terms of money be included in the accounting records.,Monetary Unit Assumption,Hiring an employee,Number of employees,Do not record,Record,Paying,an employee,10/21/2026,10,Every economic entity must be separately identified and accounted for.,Economic Entity Assumption,BMW,Benz,Accounting reflects only the financial activities of the company,not the owner.,10/21/2026,11,The enterprise will remain in operation in the foreseeable future unless sufficient and negative proofs are provided to stop it.,Going Concern Assumption,NOW,FUTURE,10/21/2026,13,Historical Cost Principle,It requires that assets are recorded at cost when theyre,obtained,or the expenses,incurred,on acquisition rather than fair market value.,This principle provides,reliable,information,not,subjective and biased,.,10/21/2026,15,It requires that revenues or expenses to be recorded when revenue are actually,realized,and when expenses are,incurred,rather than when cash is received.,It is also called accrual basis accounting.,Revenue Recognition Principle,Accrual basis accounting,vs,Cash basis accounting,10/21/2026,16,It requires that revenues have to be matched with related expenses or costs in accounting.,Matching Principle,It helps to calculate the net income or loss in a certain accounting period.,10/21/2026,18,Revenue Recognition,During,production,At the end,of production,At point of sale,Revenue should be recognized in the accounting period in which it is earned(generally at point of sale).,At time,cash received,Matching,Advertising Utilities,Delivery,Costs Matching Sales Revenue,Materials,Labor,Operating Expenses,Expenses should be matched with revenues,CEMENT,Historical Cost,Assets should be recorded at cost.,Full Disclosure,Circumstances and events that make a difference to financial statement users should be disclosed.,*Balance Sheet,*Income Statement,*Retained Earnings,Statement,*,Cash Flow Statement,Basic Accounting Principles,10/21/2026,19,Financial statements,Financial statements are the final product of the accounting process.,Financial,position,Performance,Cash flows,Objective,10/21/2026,20,Shows financial position of the business at a specific time,Balance Sheet,10/21/2026,21,Shows the performance and profitability of a business for a given period of time,Income statement,10/21/2026,22,Shows where the cash comes from and goes to in a business in an accounting period,Cash Flow Statement,10/21/2026,24,Relationship of financial statements,10/21/2026,25,Summary,1.Definition of Accounting,2.Users and Classifications of Accounting,3.Accounting Assumptions and Principles,4.Financial Statements,10/21/2026,26,1.F,2.,Going concern assumption,Liquidation values would suggest the company is going out of business.,Answer,10/21/2026,28,Accrual basis,权责发生制又称应计制，指凡是应属本期的收入和费用，不论其款项是否收到或付出，都作为本期的收入和费用处理；反之，凡不属于本期的收入和费用，即使款项在本期收到或付出，也不应作为本期的收入和费用处理。,10/21/2026,29,