国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitrat.pptx

,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,SEIB of GDUFS,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,Chapter Nine,Inspection,Claim,Force Majeure and Arbitration,1,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第1页,Learning objectives,After reading this chapter,you should be able to,explain ways to stipulate the place and time of inspection within the contract,understand the conditions for breach of contract and settlement of claims,describe ways of stipulating claim clauses in a sales contract,be aware of the consequences of force majeure events,explain ways to stipulate force majeure clauses in a sales contract,realize the importance of arbitration in the settlement of disputes and claims,be aware of the issues to be considered in the negotiation of arbitration,describe the ways of stipulating an arbitration clause in a sales contract,2,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第2页,9.1 Commodity Inspection,Commodity inspection is the inspection conducted by an authorized third party to testify whether the quality,quantity,weight,package,etc.are the same as those specified in the contract.,3,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第3页,9.1.1 Time and place of inspection,Inspection at the factory or at the port of shipment(also,shipping quality and weight,),The goods are inspected at the factory or at the port of shipment,Inspection results considered final for the delivery of the goods by the seller,Buyer can re-inspect the goods but the result will not serve as the basis for compensation,More favorable to the seller,4,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第4页,9.1.1 Time and place of inspection,Inspection at the port of destination(also,landed quality and weight,),The goods are inspected at the port of destination,Inspection results considered final for the delivery of the goods by the seller,Buyer can claim for compensation in the case of discrepancies,More favorable to the buyer,5,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第5页,9.1.1 Time and place of inspection,Inspection at the port of shipment and re-inspection at the port of destination,The goods are inspected at the port of destination and re-inspected by the buyer at the port of destination,Inspection results issued at the port of shipment are used as one of the documents for the seller to settle payment,Inspection results issued at the port of destination serve as the basis for the buyer to claim for compensation in the case of discrepancies,Favorable to both the seller and the buyer,6,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第6页,9.1.2 Inspection Bodies,Types of inspection body,Governmental inspection bodies,Owned and supervised by governments,Specialize in inspection of particular commodities or those subject to mandatory inspection,eg.The Food and Drugs Administration(FDA)in USA,The State Administration for Commodity Inspection(SACI)in China,Non-governmental inspection bodies,Privately owned,Enjoy the same legal status,Eg.Societe Generable De Surveillance S.A.(SGS)in Swiss,Lloyds Surveyors in Britain,Underwriters Laboratories(UL)in USA.,7,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第7页,9.1.2 Inspection Bodies,Tasks of the inspection body,To inspect goods for import and export,Statutory inspection:for mandatory inspection,Non-statutory inspection:made on a random basis,To exercise supervision and control over the inspection,To accept the entrustment for surveying services and issue certificates of survey,8,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第8页,9.1.3 Inspection Standard,Standards,Mandatory inspection:subject to the standards as specified in the Law and the Regulations,For others,subject to the standards agreed upon in the trade contracts,If there is contradiction between the standards in the Law and the Regulations and those in the contracts,subject to the higher one.,If the standards are not specified in the Law and the Regulations or in the contract,subject to the standards of the manufacturing country,or relevant international standards or the standards designated by the state inspection agency.,9,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第9页,9.1.4 Inspection Certificate,Inspection Certificate of Quality,Inspection Certificate of Weight or Quantity,Inspection Certificate of Value,Inspection Certificate of Origin,Sanitary Inspection Certificate,Veterinary Inspection Certificate,Disinfection Inspection Certificate,Inspection Certificate on Damaged Cargo,10,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第10页,9.1.5 Inspection clause,The inspection clause usually contains stipulations on,the inspection right,the time and place of inspection or re-inspection,the inspection body,the inspection items and,the inspection certificates.,11,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第11页,9.1.5 Inspection clause,Example,12,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第12页,9.2 Disputes and Claims,9.2.1 Disputes,Main reasons for disputes,breach of contract by the seller,fails to deliver the goods,fails to present required documents,breach of contract by the buyer,fails to open L/C,fails to accept the goods,fails to dispatch the vessel(FOB),breach of contract by both parties,misunderstands contract stipulations,13,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第13页,9.2.2 Claims,Claim:demand made by one party to another for a certain amount of compensation on account of a loss sustained through its negligence,Types of claim,claim regarding selling and buying,claim regarding transportation,claim concerning insurance,14,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第14页,9.2.3 Claim clause,Discrepancy and Claim Clause(for most transactions),Main information,Relevant stipulations or proofs,Relevant inspection authoritative body,Period for lodging claims,Ways to be settled,making a refund,compensating for direct losses or expenses,selling the goods at lower price,replacing the defective goods,15,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第15页,9.2.3 Claim clause,Example,16,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第16页,9.2.3 Claim clause,Penalty Clause(for transactions in large quantity or with large mechanical equipment),“Should the Buyers for their own sake fail to open the Letter of Credit within the time stipulated in the contract,the Buyers shall pay a penalty to the Sellers.The penalty shall be charged at the rate of 0.5%of the amount of the letter of credit for every ten days of delay in opening the letter of credit,however,the total penalty shall not exceed 5%of the total value of the credit which the Buyers should have opened.Any fractional days less than ten days shall be deemed to be ten days for the calculation of penalty.The penalty shall be the sole compensation for the damage caused by such delay.”,Example,17,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第17页,9.3 Force Majeure,9.3.1 Force Majeure Clause,Scope of Force Majeure Events,Stipulation in a general way,With the wording“force majeure events”only,Not specific,easily leading to different interpretation,18,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第18页,9.2.3 Claim clause,Stipulation in a specific way,List all possible force majeure events in detail,But may leave out other details,19,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第19页,9.3.1 Scope of Force Majeure Events,Stipulation in a synthesized way,List some of the possible force majeure events in detail,Add such wording as“or other cause of Force Majeure”in order not to miss the other possible causes,20,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第20页,9.3.1 Force Majeure Clause,Notification:,Notify the buyer right after the accidents the following,the force majeure event,its effect on their ability of performing the contract,Otherwise,the seller will be held responsible for the loss or damage.,Issuance of the certificates,An effective certificate concerning the actual occurrence of the force majeure event is required;otherwise,The seller will still be held responsible for the loss or damage.,21,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第21页,9.3.2 Consequences of Force Majeure Events,Postponement of the contract,When the performance of the contract is delayed temporarily,Contract shall be resumed after the force majeure event,Termination of the contract,When the performance of contract is impossible,one of the party who suffers the force majeure event may ask for the termination of the contract,22,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第22页,9.4 Arbitration,9.4.1 Methods of dispute settlement,negotiation,mediation,arbitration,litigation,Most favorable,Least favorable,23,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第23页,Difference between arbitration and mediation,Arbitration,Involving an impartial third party,Like an less formal court,the arbitrator hears evidence and makes a decision,The decision is final,mediation,Involving an impartial third party,The mediator gives suggestions to the solution of disputes,but,They do not reach a solution unless all sides agree.,9.4.2 Differences among ways of dispute settlements,24,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第24页,Difference between arbitration and litigation,the way to submit arbitration or litigation,arbitration:submission to arbitration made on the agreement of both parties in advance,litigation:submission to litigation made unilaterally by one of the parties,the appointment of arbitrator or judge,arbitration:appointed by the parties themselves and the third appointed by the arbitration institution,litigation:appointed by the government,9.4.2 Differences among ways of dispute settlements,25,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第25页,Difference between arbitration and litigation,the effectiveness of an award or verdict,arbitration:award is final and binding on both parties with no right given to revision before a law court,litigation:verdict is not final,ie.If one party refuses,he can retain the right to appeal to a higher court,Arbitration is simpler,less costly and time-consuming and more flexible,therefore is more favorable in dispute settlement.,9.4.2 Differences among ways of dispute settlements,26,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第26页,Applying for arbitration,Application shall be made in written form,the name address of the claimant and the claimee,the arbitration agreement,the facts of the disputes,the claimants claim and,the facts and evidence of the claim,Application shall be submitted to the Secretariat of the Arbitration Commission,The arbitration fee shall be paid in advance to the Arbitration Commission,9.4.3 Arbitration procedure,27,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第27页,Forming arbitration tribunal,sole-arbitrator tribunal,only one arbitrator involved,Both parties jointly appoint or jointly authorize the chairman of the arbitration body to appoint.,collegiate tribunal,three arbitrators involved,The claimant and claimee each appoint an arbitrators,The third one either be jointly appointed by both parties or appointed by the arbitration body.,9.4.3 Arbitration procedure,28,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第28页,Hearing an arbitration case,oral hearing,A date for oral hearing shall be fixed in advance,Communicate to the parties concerned 30(in foreign-related cases)or 15 days(in domestic cases)before the date for oral hearing,the omission of an oral hearing,Omission of an oral hearing shall be made at the request of the parties or with the consent of the parties;and,be approved by the arbitration tribunal.,If the oral hearing is omitted,an award shall be made based on the documents only.,9.4.3 Arbitration procedure,29,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第29页,Issuing an award,Time for the issuance,for arbitration without oral hearing:within 9 months from the date of the formation of arbitration tribunal,for arbitration based on oral hearing:within 30 days from the date of the oral hearing,The date of issuance is the date on which the award becomes effective.,The arbitration award is final and binding upon both parties.,9.4.3 Arbitration procedure,30,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第30页,Setting aside an award,In case of inconformity in the statutory procedure in the award,for example,no arbitration clause in the contract,or,no subsequent written arbitration agreement included,or,the appointment of an arbitrator or the formation of an arbitration tribunal not in consistent with arbitration rules,the party concerned can apply for setting aside the arbitral award.,9.4.3 Arbitration procedure,31,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第31页,Enforcing an award,If an award is not executed within time limit specified,it can be applied to the competent court for enforcement.,In applying for enforcement,one party shall submit,a written application for enforcement,the arbitration agreement,the original copy of arbitral award.,9.4.3 Arbitration procedure,32,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第32页,arbitration fee,paid in advance by the claimant when applying for arbitration,actual arbitration cost,cost related to making investigations or collecting evidence,engaging expert to make appraisal,etc.,The arbitration tribunal shall decide:,how much is the cost,which party shall pay,9.4.4 Arbitration Costs,33,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第33页,An arbitration clause shall be regarded as existing independently and separately from the other clauses of the contract.,An arbitration agreement is part of the contract,but existing independently and separately from the other clauses of the contract.,An arbitration clause or an arbitration agreement expresses the willingness of the parties to submit the disputes to arbitration.,Content:place of arbitration,arbitration body,applicable arbitration rules,arbitration ward,etc.,9.4.5 Arbitration Clause,34,SEIB of GDUFS,国际贸易实务英文版周瑞琪Inspectionclaimforcemajeureandarbitration专家讲座,第34页,