新视界大学英语三-综合教程-Unit1.ppt
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1、Two kinds of judgement译文译文Digging1 There are two different ways people judge you.Sometimes judging you correctly is the end goal.But theres a second much more common type of judgment where it isnt.We tend to regard all judgments of us as the first type.Wed probably be happier if we realized which ar
2、e and which arent.Digging2 The first type of judgment,the type where judging you is the end goal,includes court cases,grades in classes,and most competitions.Such judgments can of course be mistaken,but because the goal is to judge you correctly,theres usually some kind of appeals process.If you fee
3、l youve been misjudged,you can protest that youve been treated unfairly.译文译文Digging3 Nearly all the judgments made on children are of this type,so we get into the habit early in life of thinking that all judgments are.译文译文Digging4 But in fact there is a second much larger class of judgments where ju
4、dging you is only a means to something else.These include college admissions,hiring and investment decisions,and of course the judgments made in dating.This kind of judgment is not really about you.译文译文Digging5 Put yourself in the position of someone selecting players for a national team.Suppose for
5、 the sake of simplicity that this is a game with no positions,and that you have to select 20 players.There will be a few stars who clearly should make the team,and many players who clearly shouldnt.The only place your judgment makes a difference is in the borderline cases.Suppose you screw up and un
6、derestimate the 20th best player,causing him not to make the team,and his place to be taken by the 21st best.Youve still picked a good team.译文译文DiggingIf the players have the usual distribution of ability,the 21st best player will be only slightly worse than the 20th best.Probably the difference bet
7、ween them will be less than the measurement error.译文译文Digging6 The 20th best player may feel he has been misjudged.But your goal here wasnt to provide a service estimating peoples ability.It was to pick a team,and if the difference between the 20th and 21st best players is less than the measurement
8、error,youve still done that optimally.译文译文Digging7 Its a false analogy even to use the word unfair to describe this kind of misjudgment.Its not aimed at producing a correct estimate of any given individual,but at selecting a reasonably optimal set.译文译文Digging8 One thing that leads us astray here is
9、that the selector seems to be in a position of power.That makes him seem like a judge.If you regard someone judging you as a customer instead of a judge,the expectation of fairness goes away.The author of a good novel wouldnt complain that readers were unfair for preferring a potboiler with a racy c
10、over.Stupid,perhaps,but not unfair.译文译文Digging9 Our early training and our self-centeredness combine to make us believe that every judgment of us is about us.In fact most arent.This is a rare case where being less self-centered will make people more confident.Once you realize how little most people
11、judging you care about judging you accurately once you realize that because of the normal distribution of most applicant pools,it matters least to judge accurately in precisely the cases where judgment has the most effect you wont take rejection so personally.译文译文Digging10 And curiously enough,takin
12、g rejection less personally may help you to get rejected less often.If you think someone judging you will work hard to judge you correctly,you can afford to be passive.But the more you realize that most judgments are greatly influenced by random,extraneous factors that most people judging you are mo
13、re like a fickle novel buyer than a wise and perceptive magistrate the more you realize you can do things to influence the outcome.Digging11 One good place to apply this principle is in college applications.Most high school students applying to college do it with the usual childs mix of inferiority
14、and self-centeredness:inferiority in that they assume that admissions committees must be all-seeing;self-centeredness in that they assume admissions committees care enough about them to dig down into their application and figure out whether theyre good or not.译文译文DiggingThese combine to make applica
15、nts passive in applying and hurt when theyre rejected.If college applicants realized how quick and impersonal most selection processes are,theyd make more effort to sell themselves,and take the outcome less personally.译文译文judgment 释义释义n.C,U an opinion that you have after thinking carefully about som
16、ething 判断;看法;评价例句例句It is still too soon to form a judgment about this.现在对此作出判断仍为时过早。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句I respect his judgment and Ill follow any advice he gives me.我尊重他的判断能力,会接受他提出的任何建议。翻译翻译释义释义vt.to make a wrong judgment about a person or situation 错误地判断;错误估计WordsWordsmisjudge例句例句The defeat showed h
17、ow badly hed misjudged the mood of the electorate.这次失败表明他对选民的情绪判断大错特错。翻译翻译例句例句I misjudged the turn and hit the sidewalk.我对拐弯处判断错误,驶上了人行道。翻译翻译释义释义a.not fair or reasonable 不公平的;不合情理的例句例句Its so unfair Mary gets more money for less work!太不公平了玛丽干的活少,拿的钱却多!翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句The unfair dismissal will be pr
18、operly investigated.无理解雇一事将会得到彻底调查。翻译翻译unfair sake 释义释义n.C(usu sing)(for sbs;for the of sth)the benefit or good of someone or something 利益;好处例句例句He moved to the seaside for the sake of his health.为了健康,他移居到海边。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句翻译翻译They tried to keep their marriage together for the sake of the childre
19、n.他们为了儿女尽力维持着婚姻关系。真题真题Some women could have made a good salary in a job instead of staying home,but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.(Jan.2000,CET-4,Vocabulary and Structure)释义释义n.U the quality of being simple and not complicated,especially when this is attractive or useful 简单;简易;
20、简明例句例句翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句His idea stood out because of its simplicity.翻译翻译他的构想因简明而突出。Because of its simplicity,this test could be carried out easily by a family doctor.这种测试简单易行,家庭医生就可以进行操作。simplicity 真题真题For hosts and guests,the change means greater simplicity and comfort.(Dec.2003,CET-4,Reading Comp
21、rehension)释义释义1a.(usu before noun)not clearly belonging to a particular type(类型)不确定的,含糊不清的例句例句Its a borderline condition,perhaps ready for surgery.情况不确定,大概可以做手术了。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句 borderline candidate可上可下的候选人 翻译翻译borderline 释义释义2n.sing an imaginary point dividing one feeling or state from another,w
22、here it is hard to tell the difference between the two 不明确的界限;含混不清的境况例句例句Do not cross the borderline between admiration and love.不要跨越欣赏与爱慕之间的含混界线。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句I didnt sleep well recently,always wander at the borderline of sleep and wakefulness at night.我最近睡不好,夜里总是处于半梦半醒的状态。翻译翻译borderline screw
23、释义释义v.(very infml)(up)to make a serious mistake or spoil something,especially a situation(使)弄糟;(使)搞乱例句例句I screwed up my exams last year.去年我考砸了。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句Dave screwed up my files,now I cant find anything.戴夫搞乱了我的文件,我现在什么也找不到。翻译翻译释义释义1vt.to think that someone has less power or ability than they
24、 really do 小看,轻视(某人的权力或能力)例句例句I thought it would be an easy game but I had underestimated my opponent.我以为比赛应该很轻松,可是我低估了对手。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句The first lesson I learnt as a soldier was never to underestimate the enemy.翻译翻译作为一名士兵,我学到的第一堂课就是绝不要小看敌人。真题真题 But the challenge is not to be underestimated.(Jan
25、.2002,CET-4,Reading Comprehension)underestimate 释义释义2n.C a wrong idea that something is smaller,less important etc than it really is 低估;估计不足例句例句People doubt that the accident casualty is an underestimate.人们怀疑事故伤亡人数有可能被低估了。翻译翻译WordsWordsunderestimate 释义释义n.C,U the way in which something exists in dif
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- 视界 大学 英语 综合 教程 Unit1
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