高考英语总复习-Unit-4-Astronomy-the-science-of-the-stars讲义-新人教版必修.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Unit 4,Astronomy:the,science of the stars,-,2,-,.,单词,.,短语,.,句式,.,语篇填空,积累,串记,联想,归纳,仿造句子,【识记阅读单词】,1,.atom,n.,原子,2,.billion,pron.,&,n.,&,adj,.,万亿,;,十亿,3,.globe,n.,球体,;,地球仪,;,地球,4,.carbon,n.,碳,5,.atmosphere,n.,大气层,;,气氛,6,.fundamental,adj.,基本的,;,基础的,7,.acid,n.,酸,8,.chain,n.,链子,;,连锁,;,锁链,-,3,-,.,单词,.,短语,.,句式,.,语篇填空,积累,串记,联想,归纳,仿造句子,9,.multiply,vi.,&,vt,.,乘,;,增加,10,.oxygen,n.,氧,11,.dioxide,n.,二氧化物,12,.gravity,n.,万有引力,;,重力,13,.satellite,n.,卫星,;,人造卫星,14,.climate,n.,气候,15,.crash,vi.,&,vt,.,碰撞,;,坠落,16,.spaceship,n.,宇宙飞船,-,4,-,.,单词,.,短语,.,句式,.,语篇填空,积累,串记,联想,归纳,仿造句子,【拼写高频单词】,1,.,system,n,.,系统,;,体系,;,制度,2,.,theory,n,.,学说,;,理论,3,.,unlike,prep.,不同,;,不像,4,.,thus,adv,.,因此,;,于是,5,.,puzzle,n,.,谜,;,难题,vt.,&,vi,.,(,使,),迷惑,;(,使,),为难,6,.,pull,n,.,&,vt,.,拉,(,力,);,拖,;,牵引力,【拓展核心单词】,1,.,astronomy,n,.,天文学,astronaut,n,.,宇航员,astronomer,n,.,天文学家,2,.,religion,n,.,宗教,;,宗教信仰,religious,adj,.,宗教的,;,虔诚的,-,5,-,.,单词,.,短语,.,句式,.,语篇填空,积累,串记,联想,归纳,仿造句子,3,.,violent,adj,.,猛烈的,;,激烈的,;,强暴的,violently,adv,.,强烈地,violence,n,.,暴力,4,.,harmful,adj,.,有害的,harm,n,.,伤害,;,危害,harm,vt,.,伤害,;,危害,harmless,adj,.,无害的,5,.,exist,vi,.,存在,;,生存,existence,n,.,存在,;,生活,(,方式,),6,.,biology,n,.,生物学,biologist,n,.,生物学家,7,.,gentle,adj,.,温和的,;,文雅的,gently,adv,.,轻轻地,;,温柔地,温和地,8,.,physicist,n,.,物理学家,physics,n,.,物理学,physical,adj,.,物理的,;,物理学的,9,.,float,vi,.,&,vt,.,(,使,),浮动,;(,使,),漂浮,float,n,.,漂浮物,-,6,-,.,单词,.,短语,.,句式,.,语篇填空,积累,串记,联想,归纳,仿造句子,1.harmful,和,harm,用法扫描,do harm to,sb,./do,sb.harm,对某人有害,be harmful to,sb./sth,.,对某人,/,某物有害,There is no harm in doing,sth,./It does no harm to do,sth,.,做某事并无害处,(,反而可能带来某些好处,),。,2.,“,良好性格,”,的描写,gentle,温和的,easy-going,随和的,outgoing,外向的,generous,慷慨的,-,7,-,.,单词,.,短语,.,句式,.,语篇填空,积累,串记,联想,归纳,仿造句子,3.,“,太空,”,单词集锦,astronomer,n.,天文学家,astronomy,n.,天文学,astronaut,n.,宇航员,satellite,n.,卫星,orbit,n.,轨道,universe,n.,宇宙,gravity,n.,万有引力,planet,n.,行星,spaceship,n.,宇宙飞船,atmosphere,n.,大气层,-,8,-,.,单词,.,短语,.,句式,.,语篇填空,积累,串记,联想,归纳,仿造句子,4.,由,thus,想到的,therefore,因此,however,然而,even,甚至,still,仍然,ever,曾经,never,从来没有,-,9,-,.,单词,.,短语,.,句式,.,语篇填空,积累,串记,联想,归纳,仿造句子,【识记】,1,.solar system,太阳系,2,.carbon dioxide,二氧化碳,3,.lay eggs,下蛋,4,.give birth to,产生,;,分娩,5,.block out,挡住,(,光线,),6,.cheer up,感到高兴,;,感到振奋,7,.watch out for,密切注意,;,当心,;,提防,-,10,-,.,单词,.,短语,.,句式,.,语篇填空,积累,串记,联想,归纳,仿造句子,【默写】,1,.,及时,;,终于,in,time,2,.,轮到某人,;,接着,in,ones,turn,3,.,阻止,;,制止,prevent.from,4,.,既然,now,that,5,.,突发,;,爆发,break,out,-,11,-,.,单词,.,短语,.,句式,.,语篇填空,积累,串记,联想,归纳,仿造句子,1.cheer,常用短语,cheer on,向欢呼,为鼓劲加油,cheer up(,使,),高兴起来,(,使,),振奋起来,Cheers!,干杯,!,2.,“,小心,;,当心,”,高频短语,be careful,小心,watch out for,小心,;,当心,look out,当心,take care,小心,-,12,-,.,单词,.,短语,.,句式,.,语篇填空,积累,串记,联想,归纳,仿造句子,3.birth,用法小结,give birth to,生,引起,产生,at birth,在出生时,by birth,在血统上,from birth,自出生以来,-,13,-,.,单词,.,短语,.,句式,.,语篇填空,积累,串记,联想,归纳,仿造句子,1,.They were in time to produce carbon,dioxide,nitrogen,water,vapour,and other,gases,which,were,to,make,the earth,s atmosphere.,它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。,考点提炼,be to do,sth,.“,计划干某事,注定干某事,”,。,2,.This produced a chain,reaction,which,made,it,possible,for life to develop.,这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命就有可能发展了。,考点提炼,“,make it+,adj.,+for,sb./sth.+to,do,sth,.”,结构中,it,是形式宾语,代替不定式结构。,-,14,-,.,单词,.,短语,.,句式,.,语篇填空,积累,串记,联想,归纳,仿造句子,3,.We,watched,amazed,as,fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship,as,the earth,s gravity increased.,我们惊奇地看着,随着地球的引力增加,宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。,考点提炼,第一个,as,引导时间状语从句,意为,“,当时候,”,;,第二个,as,也引导时间状语从句,意为,“,随着,”,。,-,15,-,.,单词,.,短语,.,句式,.,语篇填空,积累,串记,联想,归纳,仿造句子,1,.,约翰总是乐于帮助别人,这就注定了他会受欢迎。,John,is,always,ready,to,help,others,which,is,to,make,him,very,popular.,2,.,他们团结协作,这就使得他们可能在三小时内完成这项工作。,They,work,together,which,makes,it,possible,for,them,to,finish,the,work,within,three,hours.,3,.,我一边写,笔一边颤抖。,My,pen,trembles,as,I,write.,-,16,-,.,单词,.,短语,.,句式,.,语篇填空,积累,串记,联想,归纳,仿造句子,No one 1.,knows,(,know)exactly,how the earth,began.According,to a 2.,widely,(,wide)accepted,theory,the,universe began with a“Big Bang”,3.,which,exploded loudly and produced water,vapour,and many 4.,gases,(,gas)making,the earth,s,atmosphere.As,the earth cooled,down,water,appeared and stayed 5.,on,the,surface.It,was the presence of water that allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and,seas,which,made 6.,it,possible for life to,develop.First,the,appearance of small plants encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of,fish.Next,green,plants began to grow on land,7.,followed,(,follow)by,land,animals.So,reptiles appeared for the first time.,-,17,-,.,单词,.,短语,.,句式,.,语篇填空,积累,串记,联想,归纳,仿造句子,Later,dinosaurs,developed.However,they,suddenly,disappeared.After,that,mammals,came into,being.Finally,humans,8.,appeared,(,appear)and,spread all over the,earth.However,they,are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,9.,making,(,make)the,earth too hot to live,on.So,whether,life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on 10.,whether,this problem can be solved.,-,18,-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,1.in,time,及时,;,迟早,;,总有一天,领悟高考,究考法,用,in,time,或者,on,time,填空,(1)People will only see it as a real choice if the buses and trains are,on,time,.(2014,山东,阅读表达,),如果公共汽车和火车按点的话,人们会觉得它是一个真正的选择。,(2)We arrived in the,summer,just,in,time,to enjoy the midnight sun.(2014,四川,阅读理解,B),我们是夏天到达的,正好来得及享受午夜的太阳。,单句写作,(3),如果坚持下去,总有一天你会成功的。,If,you,keep,on,you,will,succeed,in,time.,-,19,-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,联想拓展,记考点,(1)at times,有时,;,偶尔,;,不时,(2)on time,准时,;,按时,(3)in no time,立即,;,马上,(4)at one time,曾经,;,一度,(5)at no time,从不,;,决不,(6)all the time,一直,;,始终,(7)at a time,一次,;,每次,-,20,-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,2.exist,vi.,存在,生存,派生,existence,n.,存在,生存,existent,adj.,存在的,现存的,领悟高考,究考法,翻译句子,(1)It exists in milk in great amount.(2016,四川,阅读理解,D),它大量存在于牛奶中。,(2)Jet airplanes and big trucks,didn,t exist yet.(2016,北京,完形填空,),然而,喷气式飞机和大卡车还不存在。,-,21,-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,用,exist,的适当形式填空,(3)There,exist,different opinions on this question.,对于这个问题存在着不同的意见。,(4)The change endangers the very,existence,of certain animals and birds.(2015,陕西,阅读理解,C),这种变化威胁到了某些动物和鸟的生存。,(5)If people had normal,lives,these,cafes,wouldn,t,exist,.(2015,课标全国,阅读理解,D),如果人们过正常的生活,这些咖啡店就不会存在。,-,22,-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,联想拓展,记考点,(1)There exists/existed.,某地存在有,(2)exist on,靠为生,(3)come into existence,开始存在,成立,(4)bring.into existence,使发生,产生,-,23,-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,3.in,ones,turn,轮到某人,;,接着,领悟高考,究考法,完成句子,(1)When,its,in,my,turn,I,m too excited to speak.,当轮到我时,我太兴奋以至于讲不出话来了。,(2)He cooked the meal,in,his,turn,this week.,本周轮到他做饭了。,联想拓展,记考点,(1)in turn,轮流地,;,挨个,;,依次,;,反过来,(2)out of turn,不依顺序地,(3)take turns,依次,;,轮班,;,轮流,(4)by turns,轮流地,;,交替地,-,24,-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,4.prevent,sb,.,from,doing,sth,.,阻止某人做某事,领悟高考,究考法,介词填空或用所给词的适当形式填空,(1)The destruction of such species could prevent researchers,from,finding cures for certain diseases.(2015,陕西,阅读理解,C),这些物种的毁灭会阻止研究者们找到治愈某些疾病的办法。,(2)Beehiveseither recorded or realmay even prevent elephants from,damaging,(,damage)farmers,crops.(2014,安徽,阅读理解,B),不管是记载还是事实,蜂窝甚至能阻止大象损坏农民的庄稼。,-,25,-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,联想拓展,记考点,prevent,sb.from,doing,sth,.,的同义短语有,stop,sb.from,doing,sth,.,和,keep,sb.from,doing,sth,.,。但是需要注意的是,:,在主动语态中,prevent/stop,sb.from,doing,sth,.,中的,from,可以省略,但,keep,sb.from,doing,sth,.,中的,from,则不能省略,;,在被动语态中,三个结构中的,from,都不能省略。,In order to,keep,the,children,from,swimming,in the,sea,he,keeps them staying at home all day.,为了不让孩子们去海里游泳,他把孩子们整天关在家里。,-,26,-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,5.pull,n.&vt,.,拉,(,力,);,拖,;,牵引力,领悟高考,究考法,用适当的介词或者副词填空,(1)Larry pulled,over,set the brake and got hold of the fire extinguisher.(2016,全国乙,完形填空,),Larry,把车停到路边,拉了手刹,拿起灭火器帮忙灭火。,(2)On a family car,trip,her,Aunt,Dede,pulled,out,a,copy of,Harry,Potter,as,a surprise for her nice.(2016,四川,完形填空,),在一次家庭自驾游途中,她的姑妈,Dede,掏出一本哈利,波特作为给侄女的惊喜。,-,27,-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,(3)Hearing her coughing bitterly one,night,I,decided to pull her,from,it all.(2016,天津,完形填空,),一天晚上听到她痛苦地咳嗽,我决定不让她去训练了。,(4)I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books,off,the shelf at random.(2015,天津,阅读理解,C),我坐在地板上,随手从架子上拖过来几本书。,翻译句子,(5)They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and,pulled,.(2015,四川,阅读理解,E),他们把绳子的一头绕缠在木头上然后拉。,(6)Would you mind giving the bell a,pull,?,不介意的话,请拉一下铃好吗,?,-,28,-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,联想拓展,记考点,(1)pull down,拆除,摧毁,(,建筑物,),(2)pull in(,火车,),进站停靠,(3)pull off,驶向路边短暂停车,;,完成,(4)pull up,停止,(5)pull out(,火车,),出站,;,驶离路边,(6)pull over,向路边停靠,(,或让车,),-,29,-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,6.break,out,(,战争、火灾等,),突然发生,;,爆发,领悟高考,究考法,单句写作,(1),一天晚上,战争爆发了。,(2014,重庆,阅读理解,A),War,broke,out,one,evening.,(2),夜间突然发生了火灾。,Fire,broke,out,during,the,night.,-,30,-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,联想拓展,记考点,(1)break away from,脱离,;,摆脱,;,甩掉,(2)break down,毁掉,;,把分解,;(,身体,),垮下来,;,抛锚,(3)break in,非法闯入,;,打断,;,插嘴,(4)break into,破门而入,;,非法闯入,(5)break off,折断,;,中断,;,突然停止,(6)break through,突围,;,突破,(7)break up,分解,;,打碎,;,驱散,;,结束,-,31,-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,7.now,that,既然,;,由于,领悟高考,究考法,诵读或翻译句子,(1),Now,that,Chicago,s waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago,River,the,city,s next step was to clean the polluted river.(2015,湖南,阅读理解,B),既然芝加哥的废水都有效地排到了这条芝加哥河里,那么这个城市的下一步工作就是净化这条污染了的河。,(2),Now,that,the kids have left,home,we,have got a lot of extra space.,孩子们都离开家了,我们住着就更宽绰了。,-,32,-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,联想拓展,记考点,常用的引导原因状语从句的连词有,because,since,as,considering,等。,Considering it is eight o,clock,we,ll,wait no longer.,由于已经八点了,我们不再等了。,-,33,-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,1,1.This,produced,a,chain,reaction,which,made,it,possible,for,life,to,develop.,这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命就有可能发展了。,分析提炼,究考法,“,make+it,+,宾语补足语,+,真正的宾语,(,宾语从句或动词不定式等,)”,是固定句式。宾语补足语可以由形容词、名词、分词等充当。常用于此结构的动词还有,think,feel,find,consider,take,等。,-,34,-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,1,领悟考法,用考点,翻译句子,(1)He,made,it,his,duty,to,take,care,of,the,old,man,.,他把照顾这位老人当作自己的责任。,(2)Unfortunately,the trees,made,it,impossible,for people,to,see,her from the above.(201610,浙江,写作,),不幸的是,这些树木使得人们无法从上方看到她。,-,35,-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,1,2.But,when,I,tried,to,step,forward,I,found,I,was,carried,twice,as,far,as,on,the,earth,and,fell,over.,而当我试着向前迈步时,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。,分析提炼,究考法,twice as far as.,是一种倍数的表达方法,意为,“,是的两倍远,”,。英语中常用的倍数表达法有,:,(1)A+be+,倍数,+as+,adj.,/,adv.,原级,+,as+B,(2)A+be+,倍数,+,adj.,/,adv.,比较级,+,than+B,(3)A+be+,倍数,+the+,名词,(size/weight/length.)+of B,-,36,-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,1,领悟考法,用考点,完成句子,(1)Jessica devoted,three,times,as,much,time,and,energy,as she did,before,so,I believe she will succeed this time.,杰西卡付出的是以前的时间和精力的三倍,所以我相信她这次能成功。,(2)Those given night milk contained,10,times,the,amount,of melatonin.(2016,四川,阅读理解,D),那些参加实验的,“,夜间牛奶,”,包含了,10,倍的褪黑素量。,-,37,-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,1,一句多译,(3),据报道,最近发现了一颗行星,它几乎是地球的三倍大。,It is reported that a new planet has been discovered,recently,which,is almost,three,times,as,large,as the earth.,It is reported that a new planet has been discovered,recently,which,is almost,three,times,bigger,than the earth.,It is reported that a new planet has been discovered,recently,which,is almost,three,times,the,size,of the earth.,-,38,-,.,单句填空,1,.After she closed the door with,violence,she felt her heart beat,violently,.(violent),2,.She got interested in it and decided to be a,biologist,(biology).,3,.Eating too many desserts can be,harmful,(harm)to your teeth.,4,.When did the world come into,existence,(exist)?,5,.He had to wipe the,sweat,because,the air-conditioning system broke,down,.,6,.The umbrella was in perfect condition,considering,(,consider)how,old it was.,7,.The male and female birds take,turns,(,turn)in,sitting on the eggs.,-,39,-,8,.,At,one time waste water was put into rivers and,lakes,which,were badly polluted.,9,.I hope the change will not cause you,too,much trouble.(2016,全国丙,书面表达,),10,.Jenny pulled her car,over,and stopped.,11,.Holland has two thirds the citizens of the State of New,York,which,is four,times,(,time)the,size of Holland.,12,.I think,it,interesting to study English.,-,40,-,.,写作训练,1,.,因为弄丢了钥匙,所以我们不得不破门而入。,We had to,break,into,the,house,as we had lost the key.,2,.,轮到他同桌值日了。,It was,in,his,deskmates,turn,to be on duty.,3,.,他们及时到达车站,赶上了那班火车。,They reached the station,in,time,to,catch,the,train,.,4,.,既然你这么喜欢这款车,为什么不买呢,?,Now,that,you,like,the,type,of,car,so,much,why,not buy it?,5,.,汤姆发现将玩具整理好很费劲。,Tom,found,it,hard,to,tidy,his,toys,.,