考博英语词汇.doc
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1、考博英语词汇(1)第一部分词汇记忆策略1 全脑活化人类左右脑分析比较:左脑:意识、低速、一般阅读、知识、知觉、知性、逻辑右脑:无意识、超高速、速读、创造力、视觉、听觉、触觉、嗅觉、味觉、图像、色彩、 直觉右脑具备左脑没有的特殊机能:1 超高速大量记忆机制2 图像化机能3 超高速演算机能4 共振共鸣机能2 举例说明:1326231828301521112419221314253 词汇记忆策略:联想法、串联法、构词法、近义词、近形词、易混淆词、加减词、固定搭配 euthanasia, chrysanthemum flower-rose, lily, tulip, peony, carnation,
2、 camellia, azalea, narcissus, chrysanthemum, forget-me-not, poinsettia, receive-deceive-conceive (-ceive= take; con- = 共同) tumble-stumble (tumbleinto/through 跌倒;stumbleover / on 脚下拌到东西而跌倒) stationary-stationery (文具,如笔pen,铅笔pencil中含有e, 故见到e就想起是文具。) genius - genuine (含有us的是天才,因为我们是天才啊!另一个就是“真正的”), for
3、m-deform确(形状;变形) attach to第二部分实例练习1 联想法carnation, narcissus, coroner, chandelier, hippocampus, assassinate, antarctic, armour, abalone, flounder, cult, beau2 串联法network:Internet-cyberspace-email-e-commerce-website-on-line-homepage-browse-retrieve-log on3 构词法-age (状态、特性、行为)page/rage, advantage/disadv
4、antage, message/massage, courage/encourage, voltage/mileage, village/cottage, luggage/carriage, garagecoverage, cabbage, shortage, leakage, breakage, passage, postage, bondage (bond 结束、约束、债券;bondage就含有“束缚、奴役”的意思), damage, garbage (garb 衣服), manage ,spillage,usage, storage, savage, sausage (sauce), d
5、osagelanguage, image, heritage, engage-wardinward, outward, forward, backward, toward, upward, downward, seaward, skyward,-coward, reward, award, a- (构成作表语用的形容词;构成动词。)apart, aloud, around, away, afar, aboard, acrossalike, acute, alive, asleep, awareamaze, amend, amuse, arise, ascribe, avail, await,
6、awake, award, abound, abridge, amountaffirm, acclaim, accompany, account, arrange, array, arrest, arrow4 近义词Merchants 煤商Blame forIncomeThievesDealers 买进卖出商人Condemn forWagesBurglarsBusinessmen (广义)商人Accuse ofSalaryRobbersTradesmen (英)店主Criticize forPayBanditsScene 特别的景象,如泰山的日出AnnounceBuyersSyntheticS
7、cenery一国一地的自然风光PublishShoppersFalseViews特别的景象AdvertiseCustomersImitationNature 强调大自然的感召力,不着重具体的自然景象Inform ClientsCounterfeitArtificialUrgent 紧急SubstituteParticularHasty 草率SelectionPeculiarMortalInstant 立刻PreferenceSpecialFatalPrompt 快速;及时Alternative Unusual Deadly Contend 竞争;斗争FraudPreliminaryImagin
8、ativeCompete比赛;竞争DeceivePrimaryImaginableStruggle斗争CheatElementaryImaginedConflict 斗争Dupe Fundamental Imaginary HinderDeclinePerplexReproachPrecludeDenyPuzzleScoldDetainRejectConfuse ComplimentRetardRefuse Reprimand HamperProtractReliableFatiguedEmptyPostponeConfidentTiredBlankCancelFaithfulExhauste
9、dVacantDelayDependent Bored Bare Adjourn 5 近形词15fictionfractionfrictionfunctiontumblestumblescramblehumbletrembleresumeconsumeassumepresumeresumptionconsumptionassumptionpresumptionborecoreporesoresimplifymodifyverifyrectifyjustifytestifyrectifyverifytranscriptionsubscriptionprescriptiondescriptiona
10、ttributecontributedistributetributeattitudealtitudeaptitudedescriptiveprescriptiveinterferenceinterruptioninterventioninteractiontransactiontransmissiontransformationtransitioncontactintactpossibilityvalidityreliabilitysecurityconceivableperceivableariseriseraisearouserespectfulrespectablerespectedr
11、espectivedetainattainretaincertaincontainroomdoomboomloomintenseintentionalintensiveintendingintendedassureensureinsurereassuresometimessome timesometimesome timeshatchcatchpatchmatchbarerarecaredarefareharebanishvanishdiminishadmonishdurabilityflexibilityversatilityhostilitycooperatecoordinatecorre
12、latecorrespondobservereserveconservepreservedeservepriorsuperiorinferiorseniorjuniorsparrowswallowhollowsorrownarrowpillowboldcoldfoldgoldholdmoldsoldtoldmigrantimmigrantimmigrateimmigrationemigrantemigrateemigrationedgehedgewedgepledgededucereduceproduceinduceseduceprecludeexcludeincludeformdeformi
13、nformtransformconformcontemptattemptpromptexceptacceptconceptperceptreceivedeceiveconceiveperceiveachievebelievegrieverelieve自测题:1. 不看讲义,试一试你的记忆力。利用联想法,你能记住多少刚才所学的词:1_ 2. _ 3. _4. _ 5. _ 6. _7. _ 8. _ 9. _10. _ 11. _ 12. _2. 列出以下单词的近义词:1. income2. mortal3. urgent4. synthetic5. deceive6. retard7. emp
14、ty8. confuse9. buyer10. contend 3. 列出以下单词的近形词:1. tumble2. description3. justify4. attain5. attribute6. prior汉英对照近义词Merchants 煤商Dealers 买进卖出商人Businessmen (广义)商人Tradesmen (英)店主Scene 特别的景象,如泰山的日出Scenery一国一地的自然风光Views特别的景象Nature 强调大自然的感召力,不着重具体的自然景象Urgent 紧急Hasty 草率Instant 立刻Prompt 快速;及时Contend 搏斗;争夺 (c
15、ompete against sb. in order to gain sth.) Compete比赛;竞争 (try to be more successful than another person or organization in business)compete with sb. for sth. / compete for office(争夺公职) / againstStruggle斗争 (try hard to achieve sth.) struggle against difficulties/ struggle for freedomConflict 斗争 (两种观点、信
16、仰不能同时存在,不能都正确。)a conflict of opinion(分歧); The two accounts of what had happened conflicted with each other.(关于发生的事情,两个报道截然不同。)Hinder: make it difficult for sb. to do sth. Or for sth.to developHigh invest rates will hinder economic growth.Preclude: (formal) prevent sth. or make sth. impossibleAge alo
17、ne will not preclude him from standing as a candidate.Detain: (officially) prevent sb. from leaving some place (拘留;扣押)Delay sb. who wants to leave, by talking to them, asking them to do sth.(耽搁;留住)He was detained by a flat tire on his way home.The police detained the man to make further inquiries.Re
18、tard: (formal) to delay the development of sth. or to make sth. happen more slowly than expected.(妨碍;推迟)Cold weather retards the growth of many plants.Bad roads retard the car (失修的公路阻滞了车速。)Hamper: restrict sb. movement, activities, achievements by causing difficulties for them.Womens progress in the
19、 workplace is still hampered by males attitudes.Hamper sb. from getting elected.Protract: last a long time, esp. longer than usualProtracted negotiations 旷日持久的谈判Protract ones stay for some weeks 多呆了几个星期Postpone: change an event, action to a later time or dateGail and Lisa have decided to postpone ha
20、ving a family for a while.The match had to be postponed.Cancel: arrange that a planned activity or event will not now happen.The football game had been cancelled due to rain.Delay: wait until a later time to do sth.Dont delay claiming or you may lose benefit.Adjourn: finish or stop for a short timeT
21、he chairman has the power to adjourn the meeting at any time.Blame for把归于Condemn for谴责Accuse sb. of sth.指责Criticize for批判Announce宣布;通知Publish发表;出版Advertise为做广告Inform 告知 (inform sb.of sth.)Substitute: sth. new or different that you use instead of sth. else that you used previously. 替代品;替补Substitute t
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