初二（八年级）下册英语第一单元知识点归纳.pdf

实用文档初二（八年级）下册英语第一单元知识点归纳初二（八年级）下册英语第一单元知识点主要是依据初二（八年级）下册英语教材，从重点短语、知识归纳、语法知识这三个部分总结了初二（八年级）下册英语第一单元知识点，适合初二学生学习英语、中考考生备考 英语。【重点短语】1.fewer people更少的人（fewer修饰名词复数，表示否定）2.less free time更少的空闲时间（less修饰不可数名词，表示否定）3.in ten years 10年后（in的时间短语用于将来时，提问用How soon）4.fall in love with 爱上例：When I met Mr.Xu for the first time,I fell in love with him at once当我第一次见到许老师，我立刻爱上他5.live alone单独居住6.feel lonely 感到孤独（比较：live alone/go along等）The girl walked alone along the street,but she didn t feel lonely 那女孩独自沿着街1 道走，但她并不感到孤独7.keep/feed a pet pig 养一头宠物猪8.fly to the moon 飞上月球9.hundreds of+复数 数百/几百（概数，类似还有 thousands of;millions of）10.the same as 和.相同11.A be different from B A与 B 不同（=There is a difference/Thgere are differences between A and B）12.wake up醒来（wake sb.up表示“唤醒某人”13.get bored变得厌倦（get/become是连系动词，后跟形容词如tired/angry/excited等）文案大全实用文档14.go skating 去滑冰（类似还有 go hiking/fishing/skating/bike riding等）15.lots of/a lot of许多（修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以）16.at the weekends 在周末17.study at home on computers 在家通过电脑学习18.agree with sb.同意某人（的意见）19.I don t agree.=I disagree.我不同意20.on a piece of paper 在一张纸上（注意 paper/information/news/work/homework/housework 等常 考到的不可数名词）21.on vacation 度假22.help sb with sth/help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事23.many different kinds of goldfish 许多不同种金鱼24.live in an apartment 住在公寓里/live on the twelfth floor 住在 12 楼25.live at NO.332,Shanghai Street 住在上海路 332 号26.as a reporter作为一名记者27.look smart显得精神/看起来聪明28.Are you kidding?你在骗我吗29.in the future在将来/在未来30.no more=not,-anymore不再（强调多次发生的动作不再发生）11 go there no more.31.no longer=notany longer不再（强调状态不再发生）32.besides（除之外还，包括）与exceptbut（除之外,不包括）33.be able to 与 can 能、会文案大全实用文档1（be able to用于各种时态，而can只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中;have to用于各种时态,而must只能用于一般现在时态）例如：1.I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages.不可以用 can）2.had to stay at home/will have to（不可以用 must）34.be big and crowded 大而且拥挤34.be in college 在上大学35.live on a space station 住在空间站36.dress casually 穿得很随意 casual clothing 休闲服饰37.win the next World Cup 赢得世界杯 win award 获僵e true变成现实39.take hundreds of years 花几百年的时间40.be fun to watch看起来有趣41.over and over again 一次又一次42.be in different shapes 形状不同43.twenty years from now 今后 20 年【本单元目标句型】1.What do you think life will be like in 1000 years?2.There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less pollution in the future.1 fewer;less表示否定之意，分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词;more二者都可以修饰。3.Will kids go to school?No,they won t/Yes,they wilL4.Predicting the future can be difficult.5.I need to look smart for my job interview.文案大全实用文档6.I will be able to dress more casually.7.I think I 11 go to Hong Kong on vacation,and one day I might even visit Australia.8.What will teenagers do for fun twenty years from now?9.That may not seem possible now,but computers,space rockets and even electric toothbrushes seemed impossible a hundred years ago.【知识归纳】形容词，副词的比较等级考查热点透视：a）表示A与B在程度上相同b）时，c）“as+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。表示A不d）如B时，e）可 用“not as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。f）表示A比B在程度上“更”时，g）可用“形容词或副词的比较级+than”结构h）表示三者或三者以上的比较，i）其中一个在程度上“最时，j）常用“the+形容词或副词的最高 级”结构，k）后面可带“of/in的短语”来说明比较的范围。（注意：副词的最高级在句中常省略“the”.）1）在形容词或副词的比较级前，m）可以用“a little,even,far,much,still”的等词语来修饰，n）以加强语气。）表示“越来越.”时，P）常用“形容词或副词的比较级+and+形容词或副词的比较级”结构，q）但要 注意，r）对于多音节和部分双音节形容词，s）副词而t）言，u）若要表达此意时，v）要用“more and more+M 容词或副词的原级“结构。w）在表示“其中最.之一”的含义时，x）常使用“oneof+the+形容词最高级形式十名y）词复z）数”结 构，aa）其中的定冠词the不bb）可以省略。cc）如果强调“两者中比较的（一个）”的意思时，dd）可使用“the+形容词比较级+其它”结构。ee）表示“越.越.”，可使用“the+形容词或副词的比较级,ff）the+形容词或副词的比较级”结构。2.一般将来时一般将来时的构成：由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成，shall用于第一人称。在口语中，will在 名词或代词后常简略为H,will not常简略为won，t。这个时态的肯定，否定和疑问结构可表示如下：肯定句否定句疑问句文案大全实用文档I(We)shall(will)go.You(He,She,They)will go.I(We)shall(will)not go.You(He,She,They)will not go.Shall I(we)go?Will you(he,she,they)go?用 be going to+动词原形”也可表示将来时，表示将要发生的事，打算或决定要做的事。b)一般将来时的用法：1)表示将要发生的动作或情况;2)不以人的意志为转移，肯定要发生的事情。The day after tomorrow will be National Day.后天是国庆日。3.in/after:in是指以现在时间为起点的“在一段时间以后”。也可以表示“在将来多少时间之内”，句子中的谓语动词要用一般将来时态;after常指以过去时间为起点的“一段时间之后”，所以它与过去时态 连用。当after指某个特定的未来时刻或日期之后，或指以将来某一时间为起点的若干时间之后时，它可以 与将来时态连用。4.more,less,fewer的用法区别：more为many,much的比较级，意为“更多”，可修饰可数与不可数 名词。Less是little的比较级，意为“更好，较少”，修饰不可数名词。Fewer是few的比较级，意为“更 少”，修饰可数名词复数。【注意】few,little表示否定“几乎没有“。a few,a little表示肯定“一点，几个”。5.would like sth意思为“想要某物；would like to do意思为想要做某事回答would like 句型的一般疑问句时，其肯定回答为“Yes,please.；否定回答“No,thanks”或d like/love to,but”6.Such作形容词，意思是“如此的”“这样的”，修饰各种名词。Such这样的。如It is such bad weather.天气如此恶劣。Such常和as搭配，表示一种类别。如We enjoy such a voice as hers.我们喜欢象她那样的嗓子。Such常和表示结果的that从句搭配，表示“如此.以至于”如It was such a hot day that we all had to stay at home.Suchthat和sothat都可用来引出一个结果状语从句。由于such是形容词，所以that从句前有 一个受such修饰的名词;而so是副词，用以修饰形容词或副词，因此that从句前一般不出现名词。如They are such kind-hearted teachers that people in the village all respect them.文案大全实用文档The exam was so difficult that many students failed to pass it.如果名词是可数名词的单数形式，such和SO的位置不同：such+a/an+形容词+单数名词so+形容词+a/an+单数名词如果名词是不可数名词或名词复数，只可用such,不能用so.:such+形容词+不可数名词或复数名词如果被修饰的不可数名词被much,little,或复数名词被many,few等表示量的形容词修饰时，用so,不用such.当little表示“年纪小的”时,可用such+little+名词。7.be able to为“能，会”，表示能力，在这个意义上与can的意思相同，一般情况下两者可以互换，但can只有现在式和过去式(could)而be able to则用于更多的时态，主要体现在be的变化。两者在用法上有一些差异：can(could)表示主观能力不表示意愿，它的将来时用will be able to而be able to表示主观意愿强调克服困难做某事。【重点语法】一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。本时态标志词：1.含 tomorrow;next 短语；2.in+段时间；3.how soon;4.by+将来时间；5.by the time sb.do6.祈使句句型中：or/and sb.will do例 Be quick,or you will be late=If you don t be quick,you will be late7.在时间/条件状语从句中，如果从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时8.another day比较 be going to 与 will:be going to表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will表示的将来时间则较远一些。如：He is going to write a letter tonight.He will write a book one day.文案大全实用文档2.be going to表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。He is seriously ill.He is going to die.He will be twenty years old.3.be going to含有“计划，准备”的意思，而will则没有这个意思，如:She is going to lend us her book.He will be here in half an hour.4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用be going to,而多用will,如:If any beasts comes at you,I 11 stay with you and help you.掌握了它们的这些不同，你就能很好的区分be going to与will 了。be going to do（动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain.will do结构表示将来的用法:1.表示预见Do you think it will rain?You will feel better after a good rest.2.表示意图I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.What will she do tomorrow?基本构成如下：一般疑问句构成：will+主语+do？Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?(2)there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there+be?Will there be fewer trees?Yes,there will./No,there won t否定句构成：will+not(won t)+do文案大全实用文档Sarah won t come to visit me next Sunday.特殊疑问句构成：特殊疑问词+will+主语+？What will Sarah do next Sunday?根据例句，用win改写下列各句例：I don t feel well today,(be better tomorrow)F 11 be better tomorrow.1.Gina has six classes today,(have a lot of homework tonight)2.F m tired now.(sleep later)3.My parents need a new car.(buy one soon)4.We can t leave right now.(leave a little later)5.The weather is awful today,(be better tomorrow)初二英语下册第二单元重点总结-、重点短语1.argue v.争论；争吵argue with sb.与某人吵架I argued with my best friend.我和我的好朋友吵架了。2.either adv.（用于否定句）也He doesn t have any money,and I don t,either.他没有钱，我也没有。文案大全实用文档I can t play chess.She can t,either.我不会下国际象棋，她也不会。too也（用于肯定或疑问句）F m a teacher.He is a teacher,too.我是老师，他也是老师。3.ask（sb.）for sth.向某人寻求某物;要.Dont ask for food every day.Go and find some work.别天天要饭，找点儿工作做。I don t think you should ask your parents for some money.我想你不应向父母要钱。4.the same as.与.相同（注意前后两个比较对象的属性保持一致）The clothes are the same as my friends.这些衣服与我朋友的一样。Tom is the same age as Anna.=Tom is as old as Anna.汤姆和安娜一样大。Her backpack is the same as mine.她的背包与我的一样。5.except除.以外；（不包括.在内）My class has been invited except me.除我以外，我的同学都被邀请了。All the students went to the park except him.除了他之外，全体同学都去过公园了。They all traveled America except her.除了她以外，所有的学生都去美国旅行过。注意区别：besides除以外，还有.（包括在内）We all went there besides him.除他去以外，我们也都去了。（=He went there.We went there,too.）他也去了，我们也去了！/大家都去了！There are five more visitors besides me.除了我之外还有5名访客（加上我是6个）6.wrong adj.错误的;有毛病的;不合适的Whats wrong with you?你怎么了？（你哪里不舒服?）r ve got a headache.我头痛。文案大全实用文档What，s wrong with your watch?It doesnt work.你的手表怎么了？它不走了。注意：What s the matter with you?二 What s wrong with you?=What s the trouble with you?你 怎么了?/你出什么事了？7.get on（well）with sb.与某人相处（融洽）get on（well）with sth某事进展地好The students will get on well with the teacher.学生会和老师相处得非常好。How are you going on with your new friends?你和你的新朋友相片如何?These days,Mr Green gets on well with his new job.这些天，格林先生的工作进展很顺利8.have a fight with sb.=fight with sb.与某人打架I don t want to have a fight with my cousin.我不想和我的堂兄打架。They never fight with each other.They are really good friends.他们从不打架，他们的确是好朋友。二、主要句型（Key Sentences Structures）What should I do?You could write him a letter.What should he do?Maybe he should say sorry to himWhat should they do?They shouldn，t argue.三、词语辨析1.borrow sth.from sb.从某人处借进某物（借回来）lend sth.to sb.=lend sb.sth把某物借给某人（借出去）注：borrow sth.from sb.是指该句的主语从别人处（往里）借进某物例：He borrowed the dictionary from Lucy yesterday.他昨天从露西处借了那本字典.文案大全实用文档lend sth.to sb.=lend sb.sth.是指该句的主语把某物（往外）借给别人用例如：Could you lend me your car?=Could you lend your car to me?请你借给我你的车用一下好吗？2.get sb.to do使做（以人为对象时，有“说服使做的含义）He could get a tutor to come to his home,他可以请一位家庭教师来他家。You 11 never get her to agree.你决不可能使她同意。ask sb.to do邀请（人）做.We asked her to come to our party.我们请她来参加聚会tell sb.to do让某人做某事例如：The teacher told him to finish the work that day.老师那天让他完成那项工作。3、be in style时髦的，流行的be out of style过时的，不时髦的例：Look!Her new dress is in style.她的新裙子很时髦。Those clothes are out of style.那些衣服过时了。四、课文解释1、I don t want to surprise him.我不想让他感到意外。此处surprise是及物动词surprise sb.使某人感到吃惊eg.My friend always surprises me.2、talk about it on the phone用电话就此事进行交流文案大全实用文档On the phone在电话里。不能使用in the phoneeg.They talk about a lot on the phone yesterday.他们昨天在电话里谈了很多3、call sb.（up）=give sb.a call 给某人打电话4、write sb.a letter=write a letter to sb.给某人写信5、give him a ticket to a ball game.给他一张观看球赛的入场券（注意to译为：.的）eg.They got two tickets to tonight，s show.他们搞了两张今晚表演的入场券。6、She has the same haircut as I do.她和我有相同的发型。eg.Tim has the same clothes as his brother does.提姆和他的弟弟有相同的衣服。7、find out（经过某人的研究、努力）发现，查出，找出You should find out the answer for yourself.你应该自己去找答案。8、Everyone else in my class was invited except me.除了我以外，我们班其他别的人都接到了邀请（信）此句中else一词不能单独使用，它必须跟在不定代词像“someone,anyone nobody等词的后面，或跟 在特殊疑问词像“what,where等词的后面使用意思是“别的”eg.What else别的什么，Who else其他谁someone else其他人9、I can t think what I did wrong.我真想不出我做错了什么。此句中what I did wrong是宾语从句，应用陈述语序（即：主语+动词）10、I m very upset and don t know what to do.我很沮丧，不知该干什么。此句中what to do是不定式作know的宾语，可用宾语从句来代替。可以说成“I don t know what I should do.”请背熟以下两个常见结构：I don,t know what to do.我不知道该做什么。文案大全实用文档I don t know how to do it.我不知道该怎么去做它。11、There are a lot of things you could do.有许多你能做的事。此句中you could do是定语从句，修饰前面的名词“things”12、You left your homework at home.你把你的作业落在家里了。leave sth.+介词短语，是“把忘在，落在（某处）的意思。eg.He left his umbrella on the bus.他把伞忘在公交车上。注：千万不能根据汉语的说法写为：forget sth，只能用leave sth.表示“落下”13、You should try to be funny.你应该试着幽默一些。Try to do努力做，试着做，尽量做而try not to do是尽量不做.eg.Please try not to be late again.请尽量不要再迟到。14 Their school days are busy enough.他们的学校生活是够忙的。enough必须放在形容词/副词的后面，表示“足够的”（后置）eg.He is tall enough to reach that apple.他足够高的可以够着那个苹果。15、be under too much pressure.在太多的压力下16、see other children doing a lot of things 看别的孩子在做许多事see sb.doing看见某人正在干某事（强调动作正在进行）See sb do sth看见某人做过某事（强调动作已结束）eg.We saw them playing basketball at that time.那时我们看见他们在打篮球17、find it hard to do sth.发现做.（事）很难He found it hard to learn math well.他发现学好数学很难文案大全实用文档注：it初中阶段常作：形式主语/形式宾语,而句子真正的主语/宾语则由to do来担当.练习题一、单项选择1.Im not good at math.I really don t know.A.what should I do B.how should do C.what to do2.My best friend is the same.We are both 12 years old.A.as my age B.age as me C.as me age3.Can you what time the meeting starts?A.find out B.look after C.find4.My mother knows little about fashion.Her clothes are alwaysA.in style B.Out of style C.new and smart5.Dad,I don t have enough money to buy a CD.Could you me some?A.borrow B.lend C.keep6.Don t argue your parents.It s not polite.A.to B.for C.with7.“What should I do?”you could get part-time job.”A.Maybe,a B.May be,/C.Really,a8.-You d better not go out now.It s raining-It doesn t matter.My new coat can keep the rain.A.in B.of C.out9.It s a beautiful coat.But he only 30 dollars for it.文案大全实用文档A.paid B.bought C.spent10.The weather is for us to go swiming.A.enough warm B.warm enough C.too warm11.He his homework at home yesterday.A.left B.leaves C.forgot12.Could you give me to eat?V m hungry.A.anything B.something C.some thing13.If you are wrong,you should sorry others.A.talk,to B.say,to C.speak,about14.-I was told to be here before seven.-Oh,you.F m sorry for not telling you that we have changed the plan.A.must B.can t C.needn t15.-What s wrong your radio?-It doesn t work.A.to B.with C.for二、根据首字母及句意完成单词。1.We a with the taxi driver about the money yesterday.2.Under the p of modern life,many people feel very tired.3.Everyone went to play soccer e Tom,because he doesrf t like it.4.She didn t go to bed u her mother came back last night.5.Julia f her test,so she was very upset.文案大全实用文档三、甩所给词的适当形式填空。1.Don t be stressed out.You should try (be)relaxed.2.Give me(free)or let me die3.I plan to (surprised)her at her birthday party.4.Could you please (pass)me those dumplings?5.V m very upset and don t know what (do).四、根据汉语完成句子。1.她生你的气了，所以你她打电话。She_you,so you should_.2.你能给我一些建议吗？Could you give me?3.Herwy很失落，不知道该怎么做。Henry is very and doesn t know_.4.星期三詹姆斯把他的历史书落在家里了James his history book on.5.孩子们需要时间和自由去玩耍与思考。Children need and to play and think.初二(八年级)下册英语第三单元知识点英语知识点初二(八年级)下册英语第三单元知识点主要是依据初二(八年级)下册英语教材，从应该掌握的词组、需要掌握的句子、重点短语及练习总结了初二(八年级)下册英语第三单元知识点，适合初二学生学习英语、中考考生备考英语。文案大全实用文档一、应掌握的词组：1.babysit one s sister 照顾妹妹2.visit one s grandmother 看望奶奶3.spend time with friends和朋友们一起度过时光4.visit cousins 看望表弟等5.Go to sports camp 去运动野营6.go to the beach 去海滩7.go camping 去野营8.Go shopping去买东西9.go swimming 去游泳10.go boating 去划船11.go skating 去溜冰12.go walking 去散步13.go climbing 去登山14.go dancing 去跳舞15.go hiking去徒步远足16.go sightseeing 去观光17.go house-hunting 去找房子18.go on a hike徒步旅行，go bike riding骑自行车旅行，go fishing去钓鱼19.do some shopping 买东西20.do some washing 洗衣月艮文案大全实用文档21.do some cooking 作饭22.do some reading 读书23.do some speaking 训练口语24.do some sewing 做缝纫活25.that sounds nice 那好极了26.at home 在家27.how about=what about.怎么样？28.how long多长时间29.how far 多远30.how often多长时间一次31.how much,how many 多少32.have a good time=have fun=have a wonderful time=enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快33.show sb.Sth.=show sth.to sb.出示某物给某人看give me the book=give the book to me 给我书，pass me the cup=pass the cup to me 把杯子递给我，sell me the house=sell the house to me 才巴房子卖给我buy me a book=buy a book for me 给我买书，make me a cake=make a cake for me 给我做蛋糕44.Ask her about her plans向她询问她的计划ask sb.about sth.向某人询问某事45.forget to do sth.忘记要做某事，forget doing sth.忘记做过某事、应该掌握的句子：文案大全实用文档1.What are you doing for vacation?I m babysitting my sister.2.Who are you going with?F m going with my parents.你要和谁一起去？我要和父母一起去。3.When is he going camping?He is going on the 12th of February,2005.4.1 m going to Tibet for a week.我要去西藏一周。5.What are you doing there?I m going hiking in the mountains.6.Show me your photos when we get back to school.我们返回学校时，你把照片拿给我看。7.Where are you going for vacation?F m going to Hawaii for vacation.你要去哪度假?我要去夏威夷度假。8.1 m going to Hawaii for vacation