高中英语-必修5-unit-2知识点总结.doc

必修五Unit 2 The United Kingdom
重点词组：
1. keep your eyes open 睁大你的眼睛 2. consist of由…组成 3. leave out省去 不考虑 遗漏
4. divide into 分成 5. prepare to 准备
6. compare A with B 与…比 compare A to B 把A比作B
7. work out 做出 解决 设计出 计算出 锻炼开采完 发展 进行
work on对..起作用；企图影响或说服，忙于 work in 在…工作
work off 渐渐消除 处理 排除 卖掉 发泄
8. asked the boss on the phone 通过电话
9. a furnished house with all modern conveniences 一个带家具的房子有所有的现代方便的设施
10. familiar with熟悉 11. worried about the time available担心时间不够
12. make a list of 列出关于…的清单 13. on special occasions 在特殊的场合
14. the four-hundred-year-old uniform 有四百年历史的制服 定语 不加“s”
15. set the world time设置世界时间 16. on either side of the line 在线的两端17. fall asleep入睡
18. with delight 十分喜悦的
一、句型集锦
1. Why are you unwilling to accept this wonderful opportunity?
Opportunity时机，机会
搭配：Opportunity for/of…..的时机 Opportunity to do…..做…的时机
Catch/seize/take an opportunity抓住机会 Give/offer an opportunity提供机会
Lose/miss an opportunity错失机会 Give up an opportunity放弃机会
Eg. You’ll have the opportunity to ask any questions at the end.
There was no opportunity for further discussion.
Chance与opportunity辨析
Chance（机会）强调其偶然性，含有侥幸的意味。
Opportunity带有恰逢其时，正好便利行事的意味，有期待的含义。
Eg. It would be foolish to let such an opportunity slip; it is the chance of a lifetime.
2.You will live in a town close to the countryside in England in a furnished house with all modern conveniences. Furnished配备好装备的，带家具的
Furnish 1)(在房屋等内)布置家具 Eg. The house was simply furnished.
2)向（某人/某事物）供应，提供 furnish A with B 将B提供给A/用B装备A
Eg. She furnished him with the facts surrounding the case.
辨析furnish, equip与supply
Furnish furnish A with B 与be furnished with 指供给生活所必备的或为生活舒适所需的家具
Eg. I’ll furnish my house with furniture.我要为我的房子置办家具。
equip equip A with B 常表示“装备”工作所需要的东西
eg. The room is equipped with the air conditioning.
Supply supply sb. with sth=supply sth to sb. 可用于指在任何环境下“供给”任何东西
Eg. The merchant supplies goods to them.
单词积累
Furniture 家具 furnishings家具，室内陈设

3. Your task will be to examine the possibility of constructing a new factory in the United Kingdom.
Be+to do结构的用法
（1）be to do结构中，不定式作表语，表示主语和表语在概念上是等同的。如：
The problem is to find a solution. His plan is to clean the room.
My wish is to be a teacher.
(2) be to do
1)坚决命令 No one is to enter this building without the permission of the security guard.
2)“计划，安排”(意思接近于be going to) Betty is to get married next month.
3)不可避免，注定 You are to answer for what you have done.
4)意图，打算，决心 If all of us are to remain friendly, we must be sincere with one another.
5)“义务，应该”（意思接近于should, ought to）You have done so well. You are to be rewarded.
6)用于“if…were to do”，表示虚拟假设 If I were to do it, I would do it well.
Possibility
搭配 (a) possibility of doing sth做某事的可能 (a) possibility that…..的可能性
. Is there any possibility of your getting to London this week?
There is a possibility that he will win.
单词积累 Possible可能的， possibly可能地
辨析probable, likely与possible
Probable十有八九的可能性
Likely十有五六的可能性
Possible十有一二的可能性
---Is there any possibility __C____ you could pick me up at the airport? (2009浙江高考)
---No problem.
A. when B. that C. whether D. what
4. All of the words below can take the place of… Take the place of=take one’s place代替
“代替”的种种表达法：take the place of, take one’s place, replace in, in place of, instead of
拓展
In place在适当的位置，适当 In place of代替 In sb’s place 处于某人的位置
Out of place不适当的，离开原来的地方 Take place发生，举行 In the first place首先，第一
The chairman is ill in hospital now, so we have no idea who will ____A__ in the coming conference.
A. take his place B. take place C. take place of him D. take the place of
5. “Please don’t hurt my cat,”begged Sarah as her brother picked it up by one leg.
Pick up 1)捡起，拾起，收拾，整理
She picked up a store and threw it at the window.
Please pick up all your toys when you’ve finished playing.
2)取物，接人 Pick me up at the hotel.
3)收听到 We picked up radio signals for help from the damaged plane.
4)获得，得到，买到，学会 Here’s a tip I picked up from my brother.
5)（使）重新开始 We picked the conversation after an interruption.
6)改善，好转，增强 Trade usually picks up in spring.

拓展
Pick out选出，选择，辨别出， pick and choose挑三拣四 pick off去除，取走
Pick up on意识到，pick one’s way慢而小心地走
Eg. Sam ____C_ __some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it. (2010山东高考)
A. brought up B. looked up C. picked up D. set up
6. On my way to the station my car broke down.
Broke down
1)（机器等）损坏，坏掉，出故障 Eg. The car broke down on the freeway.
2)(关系等)破裂，失败 Eg. Negotiations between the two sides have broken down,
3)使分解 Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach.
4)（身体）垮掉，（精神）崩溃 Her health broke down under the pressure of work.
拓展
break in 闯入；打岔 break off 中断，折断 break into 闯入
break out 爆发;发生 break up 驱散；分散，拆散
(2009四川高考)—How about your journey to Mount Ermei?
---Everything was wonderful except that out car ___B____ twice on the way.
A. slowed down B. broke down C. got down D. put down
He tried to deal with the increasing burden of his work, but he finally _D___ and had to take a complete rest.
A. broke off B. broke away C. broke out D. broke down
7. Although the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined.
Expand扩大
Expand…into….使….变大/扩展
The shipbuilding industry is rapidly expanding.
Expand常与on连用，意为“详述”
单词积累
Expanse n. 广袤，广阔的区域 Expansion n. 扩展，扩大，展开
Expansive adj. 扩展性的，广大的，辽阔的 Expansively扩张性地，广大地辽阔地
二、知识要点概括
1. consist of ＝ be made up of 由……组成 (没有进行时）
e.g. The UK consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
＝Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the UK.
Consist in在于，存在于 Consist with与…一致 Consistently一致地，连贯地
Consistency一致性，连贯性
2. 区别:
separate ... from (把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离出来）
divide...into 把…分开 （把整体分为若干部分）
e.g. The teacher divided the class into two groups.
The Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan from Fujian.
3. debate about sth.
e.g. They debate about the proposal for three days.
debate /argue/ quarrel
4. clarify: vt./vi. (cause sth. to )become clear or easier to understand 澄清；阐明;清楚；明了
e.g. I hope what I say will clarify the situation.
Can you clarify the question?
5. be linked to = be connected to /be joined to 连接
【习惯用语】★ link A to B 将A和B连接起来
6. refer to 1)提及，指的是……
e.g. When he said “some students”, do you think he was referring to us?
2) 参考；查阅；询问
e.g. If you don't understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries.
Please refer to the last page of the book for answers.
3) 关系到；关乎
e.g. What I have to say refers to all of you.
This rule refers to everyone.
reference: n. 参考 e.g. reference books 参考书
7. to one's surprise (prep)
“to one's + 名词” 表 “令某人……”
常见的名词有 “delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment 等
e.g. I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were entirely unfit for sale.
To John's great relief they reached the house at last.
8. ... found themselves united peacefully
“find +宾语＋宾补( adj; adv; v-ing; pp; 介词短语；不定式）”
e.g. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.
You'll find him easy to get along with.
They found themselves trapped by the bush fire.
When I woke up, I found myself in hospital.
I called on him yesterday, but I found him out.
9. get sth done =have sth done 使某事被做…….
e.g. I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come.
get + n. + to do get + n. + doing
You'll get her to agree.
I'll get the car going.
get done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然发生，意为“被…….”
e.g. Be careful when you cross this very busy street.
10. break away (from sb / sth) 脱离；破除…
e.g. It is not easy for him to break away from bad habits.
The man broke away from his guards.
11. as well as 不仅…而且；既…又…
e.g. He is a teacher as well as a writer.
The children as well as their father were seen playing football in the street.
12. convenience: n.方便；便利（convenient: adj. ）
e.g. We bought this house for its convenience.
13. attraction: （attract: v.）
1). 吸引；引力(不可数 n.) e.g. attraction of gravitation 重力
2). 吸引人的东西；喜闻乐见的东西；精彩节目(可数 n.)
He can't resist the attraction of the sea on a hot day.
A big city offers many and varied attractions.
What are the principle attractions this evening?
14. influence
1) v. 对…产生影响 e.g. What influence you to choose a career in teaching?
2)可数n. 产生影响的人或事 e.g. He is one of the good influences in the school.
3) (不可数n.) 影响 e.g. A teacher has great influence over his pupils.
15. in memory of为纪念
To the memory of….为了纪念…. In honor of为向…表示敬意 In advance of在…前面
In behalf of为了…的利益 In explanation of解释 In possession of拥有
In sight of看得见 In support of 为了支持 In defence of 保卫 In praise of称赞
16. 辨析error, mistake, oversight
Error主要指在技术、道德、判断等方面的“错误”，往往会引起一定的不良后果或问题。
Mistake主要指在语言、行为等方面的“失误”，程度比“error”轻。
Oversight指由于不小心而导致的“疏忽”或“失职”等
三、语法总结：
过去分词
过去分词作宾语补足语时表明宾语是过去分词所表示动作的对象，过去分词与宾语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。在高中阶段过去分词作宾语补足语的情况通常有以下几种：
1. 过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep, leave等的后面
They keep the door locked for a long time.
Don’t leave the windows broken like this all the time.
2. “have/get+宾语+过去分词”可以表示两种含义：让别人做某事；遭遇某种不幸
I have had my bike repaired.
The villagers had many trees planted just then.
I’ll never get all this work finished.
I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.
The old man had his leg broken in the accident.
He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.
3. 在“make+宾语+过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
They managed to make themselves understood using very simple English.
4. 过去分词常用在感官动词watch, see, hear, listen to, notice, feel等的后面
When we got to school, we saw the door locked.
We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.
5. 过去分词用在want, wish, like, order等表示“希望，愿望，命令”类动词的后面作宾语补足语
The teacher wouldn’t like the problem discussed at the moment.
I want the suit made to his own measure.
6. 过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系
The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.
With many brightly-colored flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.
Eg. I heard them singing in the room when I passed.
The teacher explained the problem several times but still couldn’t make himself understood.
He was watched to put on his coat.
注意：现在分词、过去分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别：分词作宾语补足语，要看宾语与作宾补的词所表示的动词之间的关系。如果它们之间是主动关系，则用现在分词作宾补；如果是被动关系则用过去分词作宾补。表示感觉的动词hear, see, watch, notice, observe, feel等和使役动词have, make等既可接分词也可接不定式。这些动词接现在分词表示主动、进行的动作，接过去分词表示被动、完成的动作，而接不定式做宾补则表示动作发生了，指事情的全过程。

6