介词加关系代词与关系副词.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,.,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,.,*,Unit5 Nelson Mandela,Peroid 5 Grammar,The Attributive Clause,1,.,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,指人,指物,subject(,主语,),object(,宾语,),attribute,（定语）,whom,who,which,that,whose,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,2,.,The Attributive Clause,2,-Relative Adverbs,3,.,Learning Aims,1.,介词,+,关系代词引导的定语从句,2.,定语从句中关系副词的用法,4,.,1.,当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用,which/that(,指物,),who/whom/that(,指人,),作从句中介词的宾语,.,而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。,(whom/who/that),(which/that),Dad is,a person,_ I can easily talk,to,.,Is this,the play,_ you were talking,about,just now?,介词,+which/whom,引导的定语从句,5,.,2.,当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用,whom(,指人,),或,which(,指物,),，且关系代词不能省略。,The man,with,whom,you,talked,just now is my neighbor.,I cant find,the pen,with,which,I was,writing,.,介词,+,关系代词引导定语从句情况,1,6,.,介词,+,关系代词引导定语从句情况,1,The man whom you spoke,was a scientist.,The city which she lives is far away.,to,in,7,.,介词,+,关系代词的情况,The man you spoke was a scientist.,The city she lives is far away.,to,in,2,Are these two sentences right?,whom,which,who,that,在介词之后不能用,who that,8,.,I saw the watch,which,you are,looking,?,The old man,whom,I am,looking,is better.,在,短语动词,中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗,?,for,after,9,.,注意,:,在介词,+which/whom,引导定语从句结构中，有时,在其前可加名词，代词，数词等,。如：,No one wants the room,the windows of which,are broken.(“,的,”,，所属关系,),The old man has three sons,all of whom,are doctors.(,整体的一部分或全部,),Last Sunday I bought several books from the bookstore,three of,which,were English novels.(,整体的一部分或全部,),10,.,(2),根据,先行词,的习惯搭配来决定。,I remember,the day,on,which,I joined the Party.,I remember,the days,during,which,I lived there.,3.,介词的选用原则：,根据定语从句,谓语,动词，形容词,的,习惯搭配来决定。,This is the book,on,which,I,spent,8 dollars.,This is the book,for,which,I,paid,8 dollars.,The thing,about/of,which,Mr.Smith,was,not,sure,was the young mans honesty.,11,.,(3),根据定语从句的意义来决定,Wu Song was the man,by whom,the tiger was shot.,12,.,练习,13,.,用适当的介词补充完整下列定语从句。,1.I disagree with the facts _ which your argument is based.,2.The song,_ which he was interested,will never be heard again.,3.This is the reason _ which he often comes to school late.,on,in,for,14,.,4.I want to find the very pen _ which I wrote that letter.,5.They are the students _ whom our teachers are thinking highly.,6.It is important to choose good friends _ whom you can share your feelings and thoughts.,7.It will not be necessary to name the person _ whom the card belongs.,8.I would always like to do business with those people _ whom I can rely.,with,of,with,to,on/upon,15,.,1.,I will never forget,the day,_ we studied together.,2.,That was,the pen,he wrote the letter.,on which,with which,for which,3.,Do you like the book,she,paid,$10?,4.Do you like the book,she,spent,$10?,5.This is the hero,we,are proud,.,6.There are three things _ she,is,not,sure,.,of whom,介词,+,关系代词的情况 练习,on which,about which,16,.,5.,先行词是,the way,，意为“方式，方法”时，且在从句中做方式状语时，引导定语从句的关系词用,that/in which,或省略,。,I didnt like,the way,_,she talked to me.,（,she talked to me in the way,）,The way,_he teaches English is interesting.(,he teaches English,in the,way,),（,that/in which,）,（,that/in which,）,Pay attention to this sentence:,I didnt like the way,_,_,_,he told to me.,（,he told,the way,to me,）,which/that/,省略,17,.,关系副词：,在定语从句中，当表示,时间、地点、原因,的名词作先行词时，,且,先行词在定语从句中,作状语,，应用关系副词,when,where,why.,18,.,关系副词的用法,关系副词,指代先行词,在从句中的成分,When,(=at/in/on/during,等介词,+which),Where,(=in/at,等介词,+which),why(=for which),表时间,时间状语,表地点,地点状语,表原因,原因状语,19,.,关系副词,-when,where,why,1.,when,表示时间,，其先行词往往是表示时间,的名,词（如,:time,day,year,week,month,morning,evening,等）,在从句中作时间状语,when,可换成“,at/in/on/during,等,介词,+,关系代词”。,e.g.,I still remember,the day,when(=on which),I first came to Nanjing.,My father was born in,the year,when(=in which),World War broke out.,20,.,2.,where,表示地点，其先行词往往,是表示地点的名词,(,如,:,place,room,house,hotel,school,city,等),，在从句当中作地点状语。,when,可换成“介词,+,关系代词”。如：,This is,the farm,where(=on which),we worked when we were young,.,My father was born in,the place,where(=in which),World War broke out,.,21,.,3.,why,表示原因，常用在先行词,reason,后,表示原因，在从句当中做原因状语，相当于,for+which,There are several,reasons,why(=for which),the boys should be punished,.,Tom couldnt give,the teacher,the reason,why(=for which),he was late for school.,22,.,reason,作先行词时关系词的使用,Im not clear about,the reason,for,which,he did it.,why,he did it,that,he did it.,先行词,the reason,for,which,why,that,23,.,The house,where,he lives,needs repairing,The reason,why,Jim was happy to help Mandela,was helping others.,The day,when,Mandela told me what to do and helped him,was the happiest day for Jim,.,下面我们学习一下关系副词,whenwherewhy,的用法,24,.,The house,which,he lives in,needs repairing.,The house,in which,he lives,needs repairing.,The house,where,he lives,needs repairing,Comparing and discovering,25,.,The reason,why,Jim was happy to help Mandela,was helping others.,The reason,for which,Jim was happy to help Mandela,was helping others.,26,.,.,The day,when,Mandela told me what to do and helped him,was the happiest day for Jim.,The day,on which,Mandela told me what to do and helped him,was the happiest day for Jim,27,.,4.,关系副词的用法注意点,(1),当先行词为,time,，表示“次数”时，应用关系词,that,或省略。如：,This is,the first time,(that),the president has visited the country.,4.关系副词的用法注意点,28,.,(2),当,point,situation,case,position,stage,condition,等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等抽象意思时，其后常由,where,引导定语从句，,where,在句中作状语。如：,Ive come to,the,point,where,I cant stand him.,我已经到了,无法容忍他,的地步了,We are in,a position,where,we may lose a large sum of money.,我们正处在,可能损失一笔钱,的境地。,Can you think of,a situation,where,this phrase can be used?,你能想到一种,使用这个短语,的情况吗？,29,.,小结,:,关系词的选择,1.,找先行词,2.,先行词在从句中作什么成分,（,1,）主语、宾语、表语、定语,-,关系代词,状语,-,关系副词,（,2,）先行词前是否需要介词,要,-,关系副词 不要,-,关系代词,30,.,关系词,及其用法小结,关系代词,指代,在定从中,省略否,who,whom,whose,which,that,人,作,主,语,不省,人,作,宾,语,可省,人/物,(的),作,定,语(,+,n,),不省,事/物,作,主,语/,宾,语,作宾语时可省,人/物,作,主,语/,宾,语,作宾语时可省,关系代词在定语从句中,作宾语时,可以,省略,that,关系副词,指代,在定从中,省略否,when,where,why,介词+,which,作,时间,状语,介词+,which,介词,for+which,作,地点,状语,作,原因,状语,不省,不省,不省,不可以,省略,31,.,辨析,which,or where/when/why,在定语从句中,作状语,还是,作主语,/,宾语,32,.,which or where/when/why,1.This is,the museum,_,my mother worked 10 years ago.,(worked,in the museum,地点状语,),This is,the museum,_,was built in 1950.,(,the museum,was build),（museum,主语,）,在定语从句中,作状语,还是,作主语,/,宾语,where,which,33,.,2.July 1,1921 was,the day,_,our,Party,was,founded,(,成立).,(,our Party was founded,on the day,作状语）,July 1,1921 was,the day,_,we will not forget.,（,we will never forget,the day,作宾语）,when,which,which or where/when/why,在定语从句中,作状语,还是,作主语,/,宾语,及物动词,34,.,3.I remember,the days,_,I lived in my home town.,(,I lived in my home town,during,the,days,作状语）,I remember,the days,_,I spent with my grandpa.,（,I spent the days with.,the,days,作宾语,）,when,which,which or where/when/why,在定语从句中,作状语,还是,作主语,/,宾语,35,.,4.,The,house,_,we,re going to visit,was built a century ago.,(,visit the house),The,house,_,used to be a temple,is a school now.,(,the,house,used to be a temple),The,house,_,he used to live,was flooded.,(he used to live,in,the,house,),(which /that),which /that,where,36,.,5.A bookstore is a place_ you can get books.,(you can get the books,in,the,place,),A bookstore is a place _ books are sold.,(books are sold,in,the,place,),A bookstore is a place _ sell books.,(,the,place,sells books),where,which/that,where,37,.,6.I can,t find the card _ I wrote your address.,(I wrote your address,on,the card,),I can,t find the card _ _ I wrote your address.,7.The box _ he put his photos is gone.(he put his photo,into the box,),The box _ he is carrying is heavy.,(he is carrying,the,box,),where,where,on,which,(that/which),38,.,8.The hotel _ we stayed during our holiday stands by the seaside.,(we stayed,in the hotel,),The hotel _ stands by the seaside is quite comfortable.,(,the hotel,stands by the seaside),where,which/that,which or where/when/why,在定语从句中,作状语,还是,作主语,/,宾语,39,.,9.The reason _,he did it,is not clear.,(he did it,for,.reason,作状语,),The reason _,he gave to the teacher,is unbelievable.,(he gave,the,reason(,宾语),to the teacher),why,which,which or where/when/why,在定语从句中,作状语,还是,作主语,/,宾语,40,.,Thank you,41,.,