定语从句讲解省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课百校联赛优质课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。不能作为科学依据。,The Attributive Clause(定语从句）,（一）定义：,在复合句中，形容词性从句，,修饰前面某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句。,被定语从句修饰词叫,先行词,引导定语从句词叫,关联代词或关联副词,Mary is a,beautiful,girl.,形容词作定语,Mary is a girl,who has long hair,.,句子作定语,修饰girl,叫做,定语从句,1/68,Mary is a girl.,Mary has long hair.,合并为一个句子,Mary is a girl,who,has long hair,.,2/68,先行词,关联词，引导词,定语从句,Mary is a girl,who,has long hair,.,关系代词,关系副词,which,who,whom,whose,that,Where,when，why,3/68,结构：,先行词+关系词 +句子,定语,能够由形容词、代词、数词、名词、,分词,、,不定式,、,介词短语,等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）,eg：,The girl,behind the tree,is Kate.=,The man,driving too fast,was drunk.,=,（二）关系代词与关系副词,普通代词与关系代词区分,I have a sister,.,She,works in Shanghai.,代替,sister,普通代词,：只起代替作用（如上例she),I have,a sister,who/that,works in Shanghai.,关系代词,：（如上例who/which）,4/68,1.代替,先行词;2.它还在定语从句中,担任,一定,成份,;3.同时,连接,先行词与它引导定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）,选择关系代词三步骤：,1.找出整个句子,主谓宾主干,2.找出先行词,确定先行词,在从句中成份,3.确定,关系代词人称与数，及定语从句时态,指人：who(主/宾格)that whom(宾格)whose,指物：that which,指人或物:that whose,5/68,1.The man is a worker.,2.,The man is speaking at the meeting.,合并句子:,The man,who,is speaking at the,meeting,is a worker.,3.The house is very beautiful.,They live in the house.,The house,that,they live in,is very beautiful.,6/68,关系代词,1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,The man,(,who),I talked with is our teacher.,A person,who,steals things is called a thief.,2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如,介词提前则不能省,),The man,(whom/who),I talked to is Mr.Li.,The man,to whom,I talked is Mr.Li.,7/68,关系代词,3.whose 是代词全部格形式,它既能够代人也能够代物。,Please show me the,book,.,Its,cover is red.,Please show me the,book,whose cover,is red.,I saw a,woman,.,Her bag,was stolen.,I saw a,woman,whose bag,was stolen.,8/68,4.which 指物，作主语或宾语(作宾,语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),These are the trees,which,were planted last year.,The TV set(,which),he bought yesterday is,made in Japan.,Is this the library,(which),you borrow books from?,Is this the library,from which,you borrow books?,9/68,关系副词,关系副词,是用来引导定语从句，它和关系代词一样,在从句中代替先行词,在句中,作状语,。,Where,:,在从句中作,地点状语,指代地点.,When,:,在从句中作,时间状语,指代时间。,How,:在从句中作,方式状语,指代方式。,Why,:在从句中作,原因状语,指代原因。,1.The,hotel,wasnt clean.,+,We stayed,at the hotel,.,The,hotel,where,we stayed wasnt clean.,The,hotel,at which,we stayed wasnt clean.,The,hotel,(which),we stayed at wasnt clean.,10/68,2.Ill never forget,the day,.,I joined the League,on that day,.,Ill never forget,the day,when,I joined the League.,=Ill never forget,the day,on which,I joined the League.,3.I have explained the,reason,why I was late.,最终，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致.,注:1),定语从句时态不受主句限制,。,The woman,who/that,spoke,at the meeting yesterday,is,my,mother.,(主句)The woman is my mother,.(叙述客观事实 用普通现在时),(从句)The woman(who/that)spoke at the meeting yesterday.,(句中yesterday表示过去时间),11/68,2),在从句中不能再重复使用相当于先行词词,eg:This is the right book that you are looking for,the book,.,This is the right book that you are looking for,it,.,This is the right book that you are,looking for,.,1.,关系代词that,which引导定语从句:,假如,先行词,是表示物名词或代词，关系代词应用that、which.(作,主语,或,宾语,),12/68,This is a dream.,The dream will never come true.,This is a dream,which never come true.,The dog has been found.,The dog was lost.,The dog,which was lost,has been found.,Practise:,This is the house,which is for sale.,2.,The book,which is lying on the floor,is mine.,which/that 作主语.,(不能省),/that,（作主语）,13/68,which/that 作宾语,：（,可省略）,This is the card.,Ive just received the card.,This is the card,which/that Ive just received.,只就是我总是犯错误,This is the mistake,which/that I always make.,我依然保留她写给我信,I still keep the letters,which she wrote to me.,我把我父亲给我买钢笔丢了,I lost the pen,which my father bought me.,(),（作宾语）,14/68,A plane is a machine,that/which,can fly.,A plane is a machine.It can fly.,He is the man.I told you about him.,He is the man,(that/who/whom),I told you about.,注意：,介词提前时只能用which 而不能用,that。,from that,Is this the library,you borrow books?,from which,15/68,which/that,(which/that),(which/that),(1)These are the trees,were planted,last year.,(2)This recorder,he is using is,made in Japan.,(3)Is this the library,you borrow,books,from,?,(4)Is this the library,you borrow,books?,from which,16/68,2.关系代词that,which引导定语从句:,who/that 作主语.(不能省),This is the film star.,The film star is very popular in China.,This is the film star,who is very popular in China.(作主语),The boy,who broke the window,is called Roy.,Do you know the man,who spoke at the meeting yesterday?,The girl,who is watering the flowers,is my cousin.,/that,17/68,who/whom/that 作宾语：(可省略),The man is a famous writer.,He described the man just now.,The man,(who/whom/that)he described just now,is a famous writer.,(作宾语）,The boy,who(m)I m looking for,is my friend.,The thief has been sent to prison.,The police caught the thief last night.,The thief,whom the police caught last night,has been sent to prison.,18/68,小结：,that 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，能够省略。,which指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，能够省略.,who 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，能够省略,（惯用whom）,注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句谓语动词形式由先行词定。,19/68,3.,whose 作定语,表示所属关系。,The boy is my classmate.,The boys father is a detective.,The boy,whose father is a detective,is my classmate.,whose =of whom,=,The boy,the father of whom,is a detective,is my classmate.,=The boy,of whom the father,is a detective,is my classmate.,20/68,There are 20 students in this class,_ are different.,A.whose backgrounds,B.the backgrounds of whom,C.of whom the backgrounds,D.the backgrounds of whose,21/68,when 作时间状语:,She will never forget the day.,She was married on that day.,She will never forget the day,when(=on which),she was married.,It was the year.,The World War I broke out in the year.,It was the year,when(=in which)the World,War I broke out.,When=介词 +which,22/68,where 作地点状语,I want to know the place.,I was born there.,I want to know the place,where(=in which)I was born,.,The table,where(=at which),she is sitting,is a new one.,where =介词 +which,23/68,why 作原因状语,其先行词经常是the reason,.,That is the reason,why(=for which)Im late.,I know the reason,why he said it.,why =for which,24/68,The girl,in a hat,is Lucy.,=The girl,who/that is in a hat,is Lucy.,The cup,filled with water,was put on the table.,=The cup,that/which was filled with water,was put on the table.,介词短语作后置定语与定语从句交换：,_,_,She is one of,those women,who,have,cars.,25/68,定语从句同意句转换:,1.The teacher,who wears,a pair of glasses is Miss Wang.,=The teacher,wearing,a pair of glasses is Miss Wang.,2.The machine,that is made,in China is dear.,=The machine,made,in China is dear.,3.The novel,that is written,by him sells well.,=The novel,written,by him sells well.,4.The dinosaurs,(which)were discovered by them,are on show.,=The dinosaurs,discovered by them,are.,26/68,小结：引导定语从句关系词,1),关系代词起代词作用，关系副词起副词作用,。,所以一样先行词，,因为在从句中担任位置不一样需要挑选不一样关系词。,eg:This is,the place,where he works.,关系词作状语=in the place,This is,the place,which we visited.,关系词作宾语=the place,2)在口语中that,可代替关系副词,eg:This is the place,that,he works.,3)有时为了句子平衡，,较短定语,插入定语从句和先行词中间,27/68,eg:I was the only person,in my office,that was invited.,4)关系代词做从句主语时，,从句谓语人称与先行词一至。,eg:,Those,who,are going come here.,5),先行词为句子时,，从句谓语应为第三人称单数。,eg:,The exams were put off,which,was,exactly what we wanted.,6),关系代词与介词,:,关系代词或“介词+关系代词”在从句中作定语时，,被修饰次要提前,。,介词放在关系代词前面时,介词宾语只能用,which,代物,用,whom,代人,。(介词在末尾时,关系词能够省略),28/68,1,This is the,hero,(whom),we are proud of.,This is the hero,of whom,we are proud.,This is the hero,(that),we are proud of.,2,The,room,(that),I live in is very big.,The,room,(,which),I live in is very big.,The,room,in which,I live is very big.,The,room,where,I live is very big.,注意:固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.比如:,look after,look at,eg:Is this the watch,which,he is,looking for,?,The old man,whom,the nurses are,looking after,is very well now.,29/68,1.The house _ we live is very old.,A.which B.that C.whom D.in which,2.Can you show me the dress _ you bought,yesterday?,A.who B.whom C.where D.which,30/68,(五)注意几个问题,1）若定语从句引导词为关系代词that,which,whom,在句中作宾语时，则引导词均可省略。,2）定语从句中主谓一致问题,Who,which,that,在从句中作主语时，,从句谓语人，数，必须和先行词一至。,eg:鲍勃是其中一个努力学习一个学生,Bob is one of the students who,study,hard.,鲍勃是努力学习学生们其中仅有一个一个,Bod is,the only,one,of the students who,studies,hard.,31/68,有时只能用 that,不用 which,常见情况有六种：,),当先行词是 all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,no one,the one等不定代词修饰时,或被它们修饰时。,eg:Thats all,that I know.,Is there anything,that I can do for you?,He answered few questions,that the teacher asked.,2)当先行词被,形容词最高级或序数词,数词,(last),修饰,时,That is the most interesting book,that I have ever read.,32/68,The first thing,that I should do is to review my lessons.,3)当先行词有,the very,the only,the same,only,all,no,one of,等修饰时,。,eg:Thats the only thing,that I can do now.,These are the very words,that he used.,4),当主句以,who 或 which开头特殊疑问句,，定语从句关系词,用 that,而不用 which 或 who.,eg:Who is the girl,that spoke to you just now?,Which is the pen,that you lost?,33/68,5),先行词同时包含人或物时，关系词用that.,The man and his dog,that I always meet,are standing by the gate.,6),当关系代词在从句中作表语时。,China is not the country,that it was.,34/68,只用 which,不用that 情况：,1.,关系代词前有介词时。,This is the cage,that/which,Polly lives,in.,=,This is the cage,in which,Polly lives.,in that(),=This is the cage,where,Polly lives.,2.先行词本身为 that.,The clock is,that,which,tells the time.,3.在非限制性定语从句中,。,His English,which used to be poor,is exellent now.,35/68,注:who、that在指人能够通用，,但以下,宜用,who,不用that,1).先行词是anyone,someone,those时关系词使用who,Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up,here.,Is there anyone who wants to go there?,2).在there be 句型中，先行词指人,关系词用who,There is an old man who wants to see you.,There are many young men who are against him.,36/68,(1)The scientist is very famous in the world.,We met her yesterday.,(2)The dress is new.,She is wearing it.,whom,who,that,The scientist,we met yesterday is very famous,in the world.,which,that,The dress,she is wearing is new.,37/68,(3)He is the kind person.,I have ever worked with him.,(4)This is the best film.,I have ever seen this film.,who,that,whom,He is the kind person,I have ever worked with.,that,This is the best film,I have ever seen.,38/68,不用that，而用which，who，whom情况,He made the same mistakes again,_ made his parents very angry.,Yesterday I bought a dictionary,_ cost me more than 100 yuan.,Mr Smith,_ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.,My uncle has come back from abroad,_ I havent met for along time.,which,which,who,whom,在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom。,在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom,。,39/68,Her bag,in _ she put all her money,has been stolen.,This is the ring on _ she spent 1000 dollars.,Xiao Wang,with _ I went to the concert,enjoy it very much.,which,which,whom/who,2.关系代词who,that引导定语从句:假如,先行词,是,表示人名词或代词，关系代词应用who,that,(作,主语,或,宾语,)whom(作,宾语,),40/68,(六)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,1）限制性定语从句,起限定作用，,是主句不可缺乏部分，先行词前,无逗号，,翻译时常,译成前置定语。,eg:In our school there are eight foreign teachers who come from Australia.,(8为来自澳大利亚老师，还有可能不是澳大利亚人),2）非限制性定语从句,起补充说明作用，,省略后并不影响主句意思，,而且,用逗号隔开,，翻译时常译成并列分句,（从不用that 关联词）,eg:In our school there are eight foreign teachers，who come from Australia.,(8为来自澳大利亚老师全是澳大利亚人),41/68,Exercise,1.I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.,who/that,which/that,whose,3.,The man _ leg broke in a,match used to be a football player.,2.Yesterday Emily was wearing the,new dress _ I gave her.,42/68,4,.,My parents live in a house_,is more than 100 years old.,5.,The boy with _ John spoke is,my brother.,which/that,whom,6.,Kevin is reading a book _,is too difficult for him.,which/that,43/68,7.Is there anything _ you want,to buy in the town.,8.All _ we can do is to study hard.,9.The first one _ stands up is a,little boy.,that,that,that,44/68,Exercises:,1,.The radio set _ has gone wrong.,A.I bought it last week B.I bought last week,C.which I bought it last week,D.what I bought last week,2,.Ill tell you _ he told me last week.,A.all which B.all what,C.that all D.all,B,D,45/68,3,.This is the biggest lab _ we have ever built in our school.,A.which B.what C.where D./,4,.Is Oxygen(氧气）the only gas _ helps fire burn?,that B./C.which D.it,A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan(孤儿).,A.who B.whose C.whos D.which,A,B,D,46/68,6,.The house _ we saw at the foot of the hill was built a century ago.,which B.where C.what D.in which,7,.Is that the reason _ you are for the plan.,which B.what C.why D.for that,8,.Is this the museum _ some German friends visited last week.,that B.where C.the one D.in which,9.,October 1,1949 is the day _ the PRC was founded.,A.which B.when C.that D.on that,A,C,A,B,47/68,1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A.Which B.where C.what D.in which 2.Do you know the man _?A.whom I spoke B.to who spoke C.I spoke to D.that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month.A.which they stayed B.at that they stayed C.where they stayed at D.where they stayed 4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A.which B.that C.when D.on which 5.That is the day _Ill never forget.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when,A,C,D,C,C,A,48/68,6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here.A.where B.to which C.which D.in which,7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A.where B.that C.which D.there,8.This is one of the best films _.A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked,9.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A.about which you talked B.which you talked C.about that you talked D.that you talked,10.The pen _he is writing is mine.A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which,C,A,A,A,A,49/68,11.They arrived at a farmhouse,in front of _sat a small boy.A.whom B.who C.which D.that,12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A.to whom B.on whom C.with which D.with whom,13.Is there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A.who B.whos C.which D.whose,14.Im interested in _you have said.A.all that B.all what C.that D.which,15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.,A.which B.who C.what D.as 16.He isnt such a man _he used to be.A.who B.whom C.that D.as,C,D,D,A,D,D,50/68,17.He is good at English,_we all know.A.that B.as C.whom D.what,18.Li Ming,_to the concert enjoyed it very much.A.I went with B.with whom I went C.with who I went D.I went with him,19.I dont like _ as you read.A.the novels B.the such novels C.such novels D.same novels,20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A.which B.that C.whom D.what,B,B,C,C,51/68,1.He isnt such a man _he used to be.A.who B.whom C.that D.as,2.He is good at English,_we all know.A.that B.as C.whom D.what,3.Li Ming _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A.I went with B.with whom I went C.with who I went D.I went with him,4.I dont like _ as you read.A.the novels B.the such novels C.such novels D.same novels,5.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A.which B.that C.whom D.what,D,B,B,C,B,52/68,6.The letter is from my sister _is working in Beijing.A.which B.that C.whom D.who,7.In our factory there are 2,000 workers,two thirds of _are women.A.them B.which C.whom D.who,8.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it.A.who;/B./;whom C.whom;/D./;who,9.Last summer we visited the West Lake,_Hangzhou is famous in the world.A.for which B.for that C.in which D