第二讲翻译中的形合与意合-汉英翻译-教学.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,形合与意合：英汉互译的基础,包饺子,美国人制订修改法律和中国人包饺子一样,就像中国人包顿饺子那样，馅用什么料，咸了淡了，面和软了硬了，每每免不了要一番吵吵嚷嚷,Make dumplings,The US-styled legislation(立法）and law review(修改法律）is very much comparable to making dumplings in China.,It is just as likely contain the same types of familiar and bitter arguments such as whether certain ingredients are to be used in the filler,or whether filling itself tastes too bland or salty,or whether the dough is to dry or too soft to use.,形合hypataxis,意合-parataxis,王力:,“西洋语的结构好象连环,虽则环与环都联络起来,毕竟有联络的痕迹,中国语的结构好象无缝天衣,只是一块一块的硬凑,凑起来还不让它有痕迹.所以西洋的语法是硬的,没有弹性的;中文的语法是软的,富有弹性的.”,英语注重形合，注重结构形式，常常借助各种连接手段，因而比较严谨（preciseness);汉语注重意合，注重功能意义，常常不用或少用连接手段，因而比较简洁（conciseness),今天,食堂吃,饺子。,叉子吃,不好,吃筷子,吧。,吃食堂,味道不好。,1）江山易改，本性难移(隐含对比）,It is easy to change rivers and mountains but hard to change a persons nature.,聪明一世，糊涂一时,Smart as a rule,but this time a fool.,2)良药苦口,忠言腻耳.(隐含类比）,Faithful words offend the ears just as good medicine tastes bitter.,3)有饭大家吃（隐含条件）,Let everybody share the food if there is any.,4)他老是见异思迁（隐含时间）,He is always changing his mind as soon as he sees something new.,5)早知今日，何必当初？（隐含假设）,If I had known it would come to this,I would have acted differently.,我于冬日前去参观，但见衰柳寒烟，一水茫茫而已。(沈复“浮生六记”）,“衰柳寒烟”，“一水茫茫”,马致远 秋思,枯藤老树昏鸦，,小桥流水人家，,古道西风瘦马，,夕阳西下，,断肠人在天涯。,A body,in,motion remains,in,motion,at,a constant speed,in,a straight line unless acted upon by an external force.,没有外力作用，运动物体就连续作匀速直线运动,It had been a fine,golden autumn,a lovely farewell to those,who,would lose their youth,and,some of them their lives,before,the leaves turned again in the peacetime fall.,那是个天气晴朗、金黄可爱的秋天，美好的秋色为那些青年们送别。待到战后和平时期，黄叶纷飞的秋天再度来临时，当日的青年已经失去了青春，有的丧失了生命。,1）汉语轻时态，英语重时态,增词法，减词法,2）汉语是动作性语言，英语是静态性语言,词性转换法,3）汉语是流散性语言，英语是聚集性语言,长句翻译，篇章翻译的组织与安排,习题:,将下列句子译成英语:,抓住了主要矛盾,一切问题就可以迎刃而解.,物极必反,玩火自焚,念死书念出来的学问是没有多大用处的,学是学了,没有结果;做了做了,没有成功,抓住了主要矛盾,一切问题就可以迎刃而解.,Once the principal contradiction is grasped,all problems can be readily solved.,物极必反,Once a certain limit is reached,a change in the opposition is inevitable.,玩火自焚,Whoever plays with fire will perish by fire.,念死书念出来的学问是没有多大用处的,Learning by rote will be unprofitable.,学是学了,没有结果;做了做了,没有成功,I have made proposals,but in vain;I have made attempts but without success.,We,the human species,are confronting a planetary emergencea threat to the survival of our civilization that is gathering ominous and destructive potential even as we gather here.But there is hopeful news as well:we have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worstthough not all-of its consequences,if we act boldly,decisively and quickly.,However,too many of the worlds leaders are still best described in the words of Winston Churchill applied to those who ignored Adolf Hitlers threat:“They go on in strange paradox,decided only to be undecided,resolved to be irresolute,all powerful to be impotent.”,So today,we dumped another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution into the thin shell of atmosphere surrounding our planet,as if it were an open sewer.And tomorrow,we will dump a slightly larger amount,with the cumulative concentrations now trapping more and more heat from the sun.,平行文本：,Thomas Gray “An Elegy on English Churchya rd”,墓畔挽歌卞之琳,