JohnSnowdefeatsKingcholera阅读.pptx
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1、Unit 1 Great scientistsReadingPre-reading 1.What impresses you most in 2003?Which person impresses you most during the SARS?What other infectious diseases do you know?For example:When you eat some food that is not freshYou may feelMaybe you have got _.Choleradraw a conclusionthink of a methodcollect
2、 resultsmake a questionfind a problemanalyse the resultsfind supporting evidencefind a problemmake a questionthink of a methodcollect resultsanalyse the resultsdraw a conclusionHow to prove a new idea in scientific research?find supporting evidenceJohn Snow defeats“King cholera”John Snow defeats“kin
3、g cholera”What can you learn from the title?人物:人物:事件:事件:defeats cholera Who is John Snow?What happened to them?attended her as her personal physicianQueen VictoriaJohn Snow 约翰约翰.斯诺斯诺(1813 1858),英国麻醉学家、英国麻醉学家、流行病专家。他首次提出了流行病专家。他首次提出了预防霍乱的措施。预防霍乱的措施。1854年年,伦敦霍乱流行伦敦霍乱流行,斯诺通过研究斯诺通过研究霍乱病死者的日常生活情况霍乱病死者的日常
4、生活情况,寻找到他们的共同行为模式寻找到他们的共同行为模式,发现了霍乱与饮用不洁水的发现了霍乱与饮用不洁水的关系关系,由于及时切断了二者由于及时切断了二者的联系的联系,有效制止了霍乱的有效制止了霍乱的流行。流行。Four outbreaks of cholera in the 1830s and 1840s killed many people in England.In 1854,“the most terrible outbreak of cholera which ever occurred in the kingdom”began.It was so violent and sudde
5、n that 127 people died in the first three days.The terrible choleraBacteria/germs of cholera Name of illness cholera(霍乱霍乱)Symptom(症状症状)severe vomiting(呕吐呕吐)and diarrhoea(腹泻腹泻)Aftereffect(后果后果)die quickly from a loss of liquidWhat was the cause of this illness?How did John Snow find it out?Skim the t
6、ext and find the main idea of the text.The passage is mainly about:_ How John Snow found the cause of the cholera and defeated it.Fastreading:Read the passage quickly and find the number below and the relevant happenings in the passage.Two theoriesIn 1854500,10The first suggested thatmultiplied in t
7、he air;The second suggestedabsorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.Another outbreak hit London.More than 500 people had died in 10 days.16,37,38 and 4020,21;8,97These numbers in Broad Street near the water pump had many of the deaths20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Stree
8、t had no deaths.They didnt drink the water from the Broad Street pump.These families worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.16372089pump3840BROAD STREETCAMBRIDGE STREET21John Snows Cholera Map7PubWhat is the problem?The cholera was the most deadly disease of its day.Neither its cause,nor its cure w
9、as understood.What caused cholera?Make a question:Which theory to believe in?Cholera multiplied in the air without reason.A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.People absorbed it with their meals.Which one do you believe more?What about John Snow?A map of Broad Stree
10、tWhat method did he use?Broad StreetMany deaths happened here.No death happened here.It seemed the water from the pump was to blame.What did he do next?Public houseanalyze the results:What happened to the pump water?The water was from the river which had been polluted by the dirty water from London.
11、find supporting evidence:What extra evidence did he find?A woman and her daughter who lived far away but drank the water also died.draw a conclusion with certaintyThe polluted water carried the disease.(Para 6)What was another supporting evidence?(Para 5)He looked into the source of the waterJohn Sn
12、ow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.Read the passage and number these events in the order that they happened.John Snow began to test two theories.An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.He announced that the water carried the disease.John Snow marked the de
13、aths on a map.2147Carefulreading:King Cholera was defeated.He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.He had the handle removed from the water pump.John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.38561.Draw a conclusion:(得出结论得出结论)2.Think of a method:(找出研究方法找出研究方法)3
14、.Collect results:(收集材料收集材料)4.Make a question:(形成研究主题形成研究主题)5.Find a problem:(发现问题发现问题)6.Analyse results:(分析材料分析材料)7.Find supporting evidence(找到能确证的证据找到能确证的证据)5423671Stages in examining a new scientific idea:Para-graphStages in an experimentExample in this investigation1Find a problem2Make a question
15、3Think of a methodWhat caused cholera?Which theory is correct?Collect data on those who were ill or died and where they got their water.Fill in the blanks.4Collect results5Analyse results6find supporting evidence7Draw a conclusionPlot information on a map to find out where people died or did not die
16、.Analyse the water to see if that is the cause of the illness.Find other evidence to support the analysis.The water is to blame.The source of all drinking water should be examined so that it is safe.draw a conclusionfind a problemmake a questionthink of a methodcollect resultsanalyse the resultsrepe
17、at if necessaryMatch themPara 1Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5Para 6Para 7Prevention of Cholera1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right.How did he finally prove it?John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera,collected information and was able to tie cases
18、 outside the area to the polluted water.Read and answer the questions.2.Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?Give a reason.No.The map helped John Snow organize his ideas.He was able to identify those households that had many deaths and check their water-drinking habi
19、ts.He identified those houses that had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits.The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3.Cholera was a 19th century disease.What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?Four diseases,which are similar today,are SARS,AIDS,TB(肺结核
20、肺结核)and bird-flu,because they are both very serious,have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.1.The passage mainly tells us that _.A.the cause of cholera was polluted water B.John Snow was a well-known doctor in LondonC.the source of all drinking water should be examinedD.John
21、Snow did some research and helped to solve“King Cholera”Choose the best answer.D 2.What was the key help for John Snows discovery?A.The government.B.The woman moving away from Broad Street.C.The water company.D.The map made by himself.D John Snow was a well-known _ in London in the _ century.He want
22、ed to find the _ of cholera in order to _ it.In 1854 when a cholera _ out,he began to gather information.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokeHe _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the _ died.So he decided that the polluted water carri
23、ed cholera.He suggested that the _ of all water supply be _ and new methods of _ with polluted water be found.Finally,“King Cholera”was defeated.markedpumpsourceexamineddealingWhat should we pay attention to in our daily life in order not to get infected with cholera?Heat the food left overnightCook
24、 raw food thoroughlyWash hands oftenKeep away from flieschoose fresh sea foodKeep the kitchen cleanDispose rubbish properly.Drink boiled waterDiscussion1.know about 了解有关了解有关的情况的情况know of 听说过听说过1)有些事我想了解一下。有些事我想了解一下。There is something I want to know about.2)我听说过那件事我听说过那件事,但不很清楚。但不很清楚。I know of it,but
25、 I didnt know it well.Language points2.conclude:v.作结论作结论,断定断定 The jury concluded that he was guilty.陪审团认定他有罪。陪审团认定他有罪。to conclude:总而言之总而言之,总之总之 To conclude,I want to thank you for your help.conclusion:n.结论结论得出结论得出结论arrive atdraw/reach come toa conclusion1)那些都是事实那些都是事实,你能从中得出什么结论你能从中得出什么结论?Those are
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