高中英语人教版(2019)必修第一册Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorld同步教案.docx

Unit 5 English around the world

对比：
British English American English
queue line
pub bar
flat apartment
rubbish garbage
post mail
toilet bathroom
trousers pants
candy sweets
football soccer
primary school elementary school

句子及语法
1. China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through in to modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history, be (widely) known for表示"因…而被(广泛的)熟知 which引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ancient civilization, which在定语从句中作主语。
ups and downs兴衰；浮沉；起落；悲欢；
We are bound to see some ups and downs along the road to recovery. be bound to do sth. 注定做某事
2, There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
why引导限制性定语从句，修饰reasons,在定语从句中作原因状语。
The bad weather is the reason why I come late.
3, It dates several thousand years back to the use of longgu……
date back to = date from 意为“追溯到…
His family story dates back to the 1700s.
His family story dates from 300 years
4, ...it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
when引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词time,在定语从句 中作时间状语。
非谓语动词中的现在分词作状语，表示结果。
I come, running.表示伴随。
She left, crying.表示伴随。
5, That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
be of +抽象名词= be +抽象名词化了的形容词 抽象名词：use, success, help, value, interest, benefit, health, importance, significance...
This medicine is of no use. = This medicine is useful.
You are sure of success. = You are surely successful.
It is of great value. = It is very valuable.
此外，类似的结构还有：
of+colour/age/size/height/weight/shape/type/kind"等，用来说明人在年龄，身高，体重等方面或者
物在度量，大小，颜色，类别等方面的特征。
Tom is of the same weight as his younger brother.
The pencils are of many different colours.
He likes movies of this kind一Gone with the Wind and Morden Times.
6, Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing, no matter(what/how/where/when/whether)…是一个引导让步状语从句的连词结构，意为“无论(什么/怎样/哪儿/何时/是否等) 可放在句首，句中，句尾。 no matter what… =whateter…
No matter how fast the rabbit ran9 it could not escape the wolf.
Any person, no matter who they are, must go through an identity check.
I will leave anyway, no matter what you say. 
7, Written Chinese has also become an important means by which
China's present is connected with its past.
by which引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词means,在定语从句中作状
语。该句子可改写为:
China's present is connected with its past by (through) the means(tool) of written Chinese
Written过去分词作定语,修饰Chinese。表示“书面汉语”。 此外，现在分词也可以作定语。
A developing country 发展中国家 A developed country 发达国家
8, The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese callicraphY, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.
which在句中引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作主语，指代前面的Chinese calligraphyo known as Chinese calligraphy,非谓语动词中的过去分词短语作状语，在此用逗号隔开，作为插入语。
be known as意为“作为…而闻名
9, As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.
a number of意为"很多；好些"，这时number还可以被large, small, good, growing等形容词修饰。
increasing在句中修饰number,表示“不断增加；持续增多”。
A good number of my friends agree with me.
Though she is quite a popular writer, only a small number of her works can be found in public libraries- 
区分 the number of 与 a number of
The number of students is 2000.
The number of the apples is 40-

There are a number of ants on the ground.
A number of my friends think I should take a holiday>
10, I can never quite get the main idea. Any advice? 句中never quite get sth表示说话人往往能听懂部分词句，但 是不敢保证完全听明白了。这种表达的另一种近似说法为 can't always quite get sth.。
I am afraid I can't quite get what you says. He has strong accent, you know.
Any advice?是一个省略句。网络留言是非正式文体。

11, …so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us.
bridge the gap 弥补差距
Sometimes it is really hard to bridge the generation gap.
The differences between two cultures can always be bridged if the people of these areas continue to communicate.
12， 强调句：It is/was... that...结构
It wasn't until the late 1870s, however, when James
Murry joined the project that it began to grow.
not...until...是一个常用句型，until引导时间状语从句。如果要
强调until引导时间的状语从句，常用这样的强调句结构“It is/ was not until ...that…
It was not until midnight that he came back.
It wasn't until the last Sunday that I finished my homework.

特别强调：定语从句中关系副词的用法
引导定语从句的关系副词主要有where（=in +which）, when(on +which), why(for+which),how。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中做状语。
Mary forgot the days when she spent with her students.
Mary忘记了和学生一起的日子。
This is the place where I am looking forward visiting these years.
这就是这些年我想去的地方。
Is this the reason why you leave school early?
这就是你提前离开学校的原因吗？

补充：判断关系代词与关系副词
判断关系代词与关系副词的方法：
1. 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面没有宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
　 判断下列句子的对错
（×） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（×） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（√） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（√） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
2. 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也就能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
　 A. where　B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
　 A. where　　B. that　 C. on which　　D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

注意：当先行词是way时，除了in which，还可以用that来引导定语从句。that还经常省略。
I don’t like the way in which he look at people.
Judging from the way he walked, I believe he was wounded in the leg.