高中化学常用方程式大全.pdf

中学化学常用方程式大全 总目录一、无机化学方程式 二、热化学方程式 三、有机反应方程式 四、离子方程式 五、电极方程式分目录表、无机化学方程式.6A.6Ag.6Al.6As.7B.7Ba.7Be.7Br.7C.7C.7Ca.8Cl.9Cu.9F.10F2.10Fe.10H.11H2.11Hg.12HF.12HC1.12HBr.12HI.12H2O.12H2O2.13H2S.13H2c。3.13HC10.13HNO3.13H3PO4.13H2SO3.14H2SO4.141.15K.15K.15K2O、K2O2.16KOH.16K2CO3.16KH83.16KCIO3.16KI.16KA1(SO4)2.16KMn O4.16KSCN.17KH.17L.17Li.17Li2O.17LiOH.17Li2c O3.17LiHCO3.17M.17Mg.17MgO.18Mg(OH)2.18MgCO3.18Mg(HCO3)2.18MgSO4.18Mn O2.18N.18N2.18NO、NO2、N2O5.18NH3.19NH4HCO3、(NHD2CO3.19NH4CI.19NH4NO3.20(NH4)2SO3(NH4)2SO4.20Na、Na?。、Na2O2.20Na H.20Na OH.20Na AlO2.21Na Cl、Na ClO、Na Br、Na i.21Na 2c o3、Na HCO3.21Na NCh、Na NO2.22Na 3Po4、Na H2Po4、Na2HPO4.22NazS、Na HS.22Na 2so4、Na 2so3、Na2S2O3.22Na2SiO3.22C6H5ONa.22O.22O2.22O3.23P.23P.23P2O3、P2O5.24Pb、PbO2.24（CH3COO）2Pb.24R.24S.24S.24SO2.25SO3.25Si.25SiO2.25Z.26Zn.26Zn O.26Zn（OH）2.26二、热化学方程式.26B.26C.26H.27N.28P.28S.28三、有机反应方程式.28（一）烷妙.28（二）烯煌.28（三）快烧.29（四）芳香煌.29（五）石油.29（六）卤代燃.29（七）醇类.30（八）酚类.30（九）醛类.30（十）竣酸.31（H一）糖类.31（十二）酯、油脂.31（十三）氨基酸.32四、离子方程式.32A.32Al.32Ag.33As.34B.34Ba.34Br.34C.34CO32 CO2.34Ca.35Cl.35CN.36Cr.36Cu.36CxHyOz.36F.37F2.37Fe.37H.38H+.38H2O.38H2O2.38H2c O3 系列.38H3P（二 系歹U.39H2s系列.39H2s。3 系列.401.40L.40M.41Mg.41Mn.41N.41Na.41NN3系列.41NO2 NO3-.42O.42P.42S.43S.43Si.44Z.44五、电极方程式.44（一）原电池电极方程式.441.Cu-H2so 4-Zn 原电池.442.Cu-FeCbY 原电池.453.钢铁在潮湿的空气中发生吸氧腐蚀.454.氢氧燃料电池（中性介质）.455.氢氧燃料电池（酸性介质）.456.氢氧燃料电池（碱性介质）.457.铅蓄电池（放电）.458.Al-Na OH-Mg 原电池.459.CH4燃料电池（碱性介质）.4610.熔融碳酸盐燃料电池.4611.银锌纽扣电池（碱性介质）.46（二）电解电极方程式.461.电解Cu Cb溶液.462.电解精炼铜.463.电镀铜.464.电解饱和食盐水.465.电解HC1溶液.476.电解Na OH溶液.477.电解H2so4溶液.478.电解KNO3溶液.479.电解Cu SC）4溶液.4710.电解AgNC）3溶液.4711.铅蓄电池（充电）.47正文部分一、无机化学方程式AAgAg+2HNO3()=AgNO3+NO2T+H2O2AgCl=2Ag+CbT(见光或受热)AgNO3+Na Cl=AgCl；+Na NO3AgNOs+Na i-Agl|+Na NOsAl占燃 d-4A1+3O2 j=272。3(纯氧)AgNOs+Na Br=AgBr+Na NOsAg3Po 4+3HNO3=H3PO4+3AgNC32A1+3S=A12S32A1+3C12=2A1C134Al+3Mn O2=2Al2O3+3Mn2Al+Fe2O3=Al2O3+2Fe2A1+6HC1=2A1C13+3H2T2Al+Cr2O3=A12O3+2Cr2Al+3FeO=Al2O3+3Fe2A1+3H2sO4=A12(SO4)3+3H2T2A1+6H2so4(侬)=A12(SO4)3+3SC2T+6H2OAl+4HNO3(ft)=Al(NO3)3+NOT+2H2O(Ak Fe 在冷、浓的硫酸、硝酸中钝化)2Al+2Na OH+2H2O=2Na AlO2+3H2TA1(OH)3筮:摆魏二弟盘也岁。卜AI2O3是两性氧化物)2A1(OH)3=A12O3+3H2OA1(OH)3+3HC1=A1C13+3H2O2Al(OH)3+3H2so 4=Ab(SO4)3+6H2OAl(OH)3+Na OH=Na AlO2+2H2O铝盐AlCl3+3Na OH=A 1(OH)3；+3Na Cl A1C13+3NH3-H2O=Al(OH)3i+3NH4Cl2Aleb+3Na 2c o 3+3H2O=2Al(OH)31+3c O2T+6Na ClAlCl3+3Na HCO3=Al(OH)3i+3CO2T+3Na ClAlC13+3Na AlO2+6H2O=4Al(OH)3i+3Na ClAlCl3+4Na 0H=Na A102+3Na Cl+2H2OAl2(SO4)3+3Na2S+6H2O=2Al(OH)3i+3H2St+3 Na 2so4AI4C3+I2H2O=4Al(OH)31+3CH4TAsAs2O3+6Zn+12HC1=2AsH3T+6Zn Cb+3H2O3 As2s3+28HNO3(稀)+4H2O=6H3AsO4+9H2SO4+28NOtAs2s3+28HNO3(浓)=2H3AsO4+3H2SO4+28NO2T+8H2OBBaBa(0H)2+C02=Ba C03；+H20Ba(0H)2+H2SO4=Ba S04；+2H2OBa Cl2+H2SO4=Ba SO4；+2HC1Ba CO3+2HCl=Ba C12+CO2T+H2OBa Ch+H2so4(稀尸=Ba SC)4j+H2C)2BeBe+2HCl=BeCb+H2TBeCb+2Na 0H=Be(OH)21+2Na ClBe(OH)2+2Na OH=Na2BeO2+2H2OBa(0H)2+2c o 2(过量)=Ba(HCO3)23Ba(OH)2+2H3PO4=Ba3(PO4)2；+6H2OBa Cb+Na zSCU=Ba SOR+ZNa ClBa CO3+2HNO3=Ba(NO3)2+CO2T+H2OBe+2Na 0H=Na 2BeC)2+H2 TBe(OH)2+2HCl=BeCl2+2H2OBrBr2+H2 2HBr3Br 2+2Fe=2FeBr 3Br 2+2FeBr 2=2FeBr 3Br 2+2Na I=2Na Br+bBr2+2Hl=2HBr+I2Br 2+H2O=HBr+HBr OBr 2+2Na OH=-=Na Br+Na Br O+H2。Br 2+SO2+2H2O=H2SC)4+2HBrBn+H2s=S+2HBrcc占燃C+2F2=CF4占燃C+2C12=CC142C+C）2（少量）点燃2COC+C）2（足量）i=C02C+CO22COC+H2O理昼C0+H2（生成水煤气）2C+SiC）2建矍Si+2c Of（制得粗硅）C+Si SiC（金刚砂）C+2S CS2电炉3C+Ca O=Ca C2+COf电炉3C+SiO2=SiC+2COtC+2H2so，浓）=CO2T+2SO2T+2H2OC+4HNO3（浓）=CO2T+4NO2T+2H2O2CO+O22CO2CO+Cu O=Cu+CO23CO+Fe2O3=2Fe+3CO2co+h2o 高温 CO2+H2占燃CO2+2Mg=2MgO+Ccc）2+H2O=h2c o3CC）2+2Na OH（过量尸=Na 2CO3+H2。C02（过量）+Na 0H=Na HC03CO2+Ca（OH）2（过量产=Ca CO31+H2。2c。2（过量）+Ca（OH）2=Ca（HCO3）2CO2+2Na AlO2+3H2O=2Al（OH）3i+Na2CO3CO2+C6H5ONa+H2O=C6H5OH+Na HCC）3CC）2+Na 2O=Na 2c O32c o 2+2Na 2（）2=2Na 2c o 3+O2CO2+NH3+Na Cl+H2O=Na HCO31+NH4c1（侯氏制碱法）CaCa O+H2O=Ca（OH）2 Ca O+SiO2 Ca SiO32Ca(OH)2+2Cl2=Ca C12+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O Ca(OH)2+SO3=Ca SO4；+H2OCa CO3+2HNO3=Ca(NO3)2+H2O+CO2T(用HNO3和浓硫酸不能制备H2S、HI、HBr等还原性气体)Ca CO3+SiO2=Ca SiO3+CO2TCa Fz+H2so4(浓尸=Ca SO4+2HFTCa 3(PC4)2+3H2so4(浓)=3Ca SCU+2H3Po4Ca 3(PO4)2+2H2so4(浓)=2Ca SO4+Ca(H2Po4)2Ca 3(PCU)2+4H3Po 4=3Ca(H2Po4)2(重钙)Ca H2+2H2O=Ca(OH)2+2H2tClCl2+H2=2HC1(光照或点燃)3C12+2P 兽=2PCb 3C12+2Fe=4S=FeCl3Cl2+2FeCl2=2FeCl3Cl2+2KI=2KC1+I2Cl2+Na 2s=2Na Cl+S1CI2+SO2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HC1C12+H2O=HC1+HC10Cl2+2Na OH=Na Cl+Na C10+H20 2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2=Ca C12+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O 3C12+6K0H(热、浓)=5KC1+KC1O3+3H2OCu2Cu+O2=2CuO 2Cu+SCl2+2Na-2Na ClCl2+PCI3 PC15Cl2+Cu-Cu Cl2Cl2+2Na Br=2Na Cl+Br2*5C12+I2+6H2O=2HIO3+10HC1Cl2+H2s=2HC1+SCb+H2sO3+H2O=H2SO4+2HC1Cl2+H2O2=2HC1+O2Cu2S Cu+Cl2 Cu Cl23CuO+2NH3=3Cu+N2+3H2OCuO+2HC1=CuC12+H2OCu(OH)2+2HC1=CuC12+2H2OCu(OH)2=Cu O+H20Cu Cl2+H2S=Cu Si+2HClC11SO4+H2s=CuSJ+H2SC)4Cu SO4+Ba(OH)2=Cu(OH)2i+Ba SO4iCuO+H2SO4=CuSO4+H2OCu(OH)2+H2SO4=CuSO4+2H2OCu Cl2+2Na OH=Cu(OH)2i+2Na ClCu SO4+2Na OH=Cu(OH)21+Na 2so4Ca C2Ca C2+2H2O=CH=CHT+Ca(OH)2F2F2+H2=2HF2F2+2H2O=4HF+O2Fe占燃2Fe+3c b=a2FeC13Fe+S=:FeSFe+b-FebFe+2HCl=FeCl2+H2fFe+Sn C14=FeC12+Sn C12Fe+H2S=FeS+H2T占燃3Fe+2O2=be3O42Fe+3Br 2=2FeBr 33Fe+4H2O(g)=Fe3O4+4H2Fe+Cu Cl2=FeCl2+Cu2Fe+6H2so4(浓尸=Fe2(SO4)3+3SO2T+6H2OFe+H2so4(稀尸=FeS04+H2TFe+6HNO3=Fe(NO3)3+3NO2T+3H2OFe+4HNO3=Fe(NO3)3+NOt+2H2O8Fe+30HNO3=8Fe(NO3)3+3N2OT+15H2O1 OFe+36HNO3=10Fe(NO3)3+3N2T+18H2O8Fe+30HNO3=8Fe(NO3)3+3NH4NO3+9H2OFe(Al)+H2so4(浓)室温下钝化Fe+(CH3COO)2Cu=Cu+(CH3COO)2Fe3FeO+2Al=Al2O3+3FeFeO+4HNO3=Fe(NO3)3+NO2T+2H2O6FeO+C)2 2Fe3(Z)4Fe2O3Fe2O3+2Al=Al2O3+2FeFe2O3+3H2=2Fe+3H2O(制还原铁粉)Fe2O3+3C0=2Fe+3C02Fe2O3+6HCl=2FeC13+3H2O迤4Fe3O4+4H2:=3Fe+4H2。一Fe3(D4+8HCl(侬)=FeC12+2FeCb+4H2OFe(OH)2、Fe(OH)34Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O=4 Fe(OH)32Fe(OH)3=Fe2O3+3H2OFeCl?2FeCl2+Cl2=2FeCl3 FeCl2+Mg=Fe+MgCl2FeCls2FeCl3+Fe=3FeCl2 2FeC13+Cu=2FeCb+Cu C12(用于雕亥 U 铜线路板)2FeCl3+H2SO3+H2O=H2SO4+2FeC12+2HCl2FeCl3+Zn=2FeCl2+Zn Cl2 2FeCl3+H2S=2FeCl2+2HCl+S;2FeCl3+2KI=2FeCl2+2KCl+I2FeCl3+3NH3H2O=Fe(OH)3；+3NH4Cl2FeCb+3Na 2c o 3+3H2O=2Fe(OH)31+3CO2T+6Na ClFeCl3+3Na HCO3=Fe(OH)3；+3CO2T+3Na Cl2FeCl3+SO2+2H2O=2FeCl2+H2SO4+2HC1FeCl3+3KSCN=Fe(SCN)3+3KC1FeSFeS+2HCl=FeCl2+H2S$FeS+H2SO4=FeSO4+H2St其它Fe化合物占燃4FeS2+1102 2Fe2O3+8SO2Fe2(SO4)3+2Ag=2FeSO4+Ag2so4(较难反应)Fe(NO3)3+Ag 不反应HHiH2+F2=2HF(冷暗处爆炸)H2+C12=2HC1(光照或点燃)3H2+N2 催化剂 2NH3 高温、高压6H2+P4=4PH3h2+s=h2s 心2H2+SiCL=Si(纯)+4HClH2+2Na=2Na H3H2+Fe2()3：2Fe+3H2O（制还原铁粉）4H2+Fe3C)4：3Fe+4H2O2H2+SiO2Si+2H2O3Hg+8HNC3(稀)=3Hg(NO3)2+2N0$+4H2OHg+4HNO3(浓)=Hg(NC3)2+2NO2T+2H2OHF4HF+SiO2=SiF4T+2H2OHC16HC1+2Al=2AlCb+3H2T4HC1(浓)+Mn O2=Mn C12+CbT+2H2O16HCl+2KMn O4=2KCl+2Mn Cl2+5C12T+8H2O 14HCl+K2Cr 2O7=2KCl+2Cr C13+3C12T+7H2O2HC1+FeO=FeCl2+H2O8HC1(浓)+Fe3O4=FeC12+2FeC13+4H2OHC1+Na2HPO4=Na H2PO4+Na ClHC1+Na2CO3=Na HCO3+Na ClHBrHBr+Na OH=Na Br+H202HBr+C12=2HC1+Br2HI2HI=H2+I22HI+C12=2HC1+I2H2O2F2+2H2O=4HF+O22Na+2H2O=2Na OH+H2T3Fe+4H2O(g)=Fe3O4+4H22HC1+Fe=FeCl2+H2T4HCl(g)+O2=2Cl2+2H2OHC1+NH3=NH4c1(白烟)6HC1+Fe2O3=2FeCl3+3H2OHC1+Na3PO4=Na2HPO4+Na ClHC1+Na H2PO4=H3PO4+Na ClHC1+Na HCO3=Na Cl+H2O+CO2THI+Na OH=Na I+H20C12+H2O=HC1+HC1OMg+2H2(3=Mg(OH)2+H2T2H2O=2H2T+O2TSC)2+H2O=H2sO3SO3+H2O=H2SO43NO2+H2O=2HNO3+NO N2O5+H2O=2HNO3P2O5+H2（X 冷）=2HPO3 P2O5+3H2O（热）=2H3PC）4cc）2+H2O=h2c o3H2O22H2O2 二02 2HQ+O2T H2O2+C12=2HC1+O25H2O2+2KMn O4+6HC1=2Mn Cl2+2KC1+5O2?+8H2OH2SH2S+Cb=2HCl+S H2S+Mg=MgS+H22H2S+3C2（足量）=2SO2+2H2。2H2S+C2（少量尸=2S+2H2O2H2S+SC）2=3S1+2H2O ES+HzSOK 浓）=S+SO2+2H2。H2S=H2+S；3H2s+2HNC3（稀）=3S+2NO+4H2。5H2S+2KMl1CU+3H2so 4=2Mn SO4+K2so 4+5SJ+8H2O*3H2S+K2Cr 2（）7+4H2so 4=Cr 2（SO4）3+K2so 4+3SJ+7H2O*H2S+4Na 2O2+2H2O=Na2SO4+6Na OHH2S+Fe=FeS+H2 H2S+Cu Cl2=Cu Si+2HClH2S+HgCl2=HgS|+2HCl H2S+4NO2=4NO+SO3+H2O理CQ3H2c o 3=CC）2T+H2OHC1O2HC1O=2HC1+02THNO33HNO3+Ag3Po 4=H3Po 4+3AgNC）3A1+4HNO3（稀尸二二二A1（NO3）3+NOT+2H2O3 As2s3+28HNO3+4H2O=6H3AsO4+9H2SO4+28NO$4HNC3（浓）+c=CO2T+4NO2T+2H2。2HNO3+Ca CO3=Ca（NO3）2+H2O+CO2T6HNO3+Fe=Fe（NO3）3+3NO2T+3H2O4HNO3+Fe=Fe（NO3）3+NOT+2H2O30HNO3+8Fe=8Fe（NO3）3+3N2Ot+15H2O36HN03+10Fe=10Fe（N03）3+3N2T+18H2030HNO3+8Fe=8Fe（NO3）3+3NH4NO3+9H2OFeO+4HNO3=Fe（NO3）3+NO2T+2H2O3H2s+2HNO3（稀）=3S+2NO+4H2O4HNO3=4NO2T+O2T+2H2O（见光或受热分解）NH3+HNO3=NH4NO3（白烟）（用HN03和浓硫酸不能制备H2S、HI、HBr,而SO2可用浓硫酸制备）3Na 2s+8HNC）3（稀）=6Na NO3+2NOf+3S1+4H2。3Na 2so 3+2HNO3（稀）=3Na 2so 4+2NOT+H2O*5HNC3（浓）+P=H3Po 4+5NO2T+H2OP4+20HNO3（浓）=4H3Po 4+2ONO2T+4H2OS+6HNO3（浓）=H2SO4+6NO2T+2H2O3s+4HNC）3（稀）=3S02T+4NOf+2H2OH3PO44H3PO4+Ca 3（PCU）2=3Ca（H2Po4）2（重钙）H3POK 浓）+Na Br=Na H2PCU+HBr fH3Po4（浓）+Na I=Na H2PO4+HITH2SO3H2so 3+X2+H2O=H2so 4+2HX（X2 表示。2、Br2 I2）2H2SC）3+O2=2H2sO4H2sO3+H2O2=H2SC）4+H2O5H2so 3+2KMn O4=2Mn SO4+K2so 4+2H2so 4+3H2OH2so 3+2FeCh+H2O=H2so 4+2FeCb+2HClH2SO3=H2O+SO2TH2so 3+2H2s=3S+3H2OH2SO4Zn+H2s O4二二二二Z11SO4+H2 TFe+H2so 4=FeSC）4+H2TMg+H2so4二二二二MgSCU+H2 T2A1+3H2so 4=A12（SO4）3+3H2Td 2A1+6H2so4（浓）=Ab（SO4）3+3SO2T+6H2O2NH3+H2so 4=（NH4）2SO4H2S+H2so 4（浓）=S+SC）2+2H2OP2O5+3H2so 4（浓）=2H3Po 4+3SO3Ba Ch+H2so4（稀尸=Ba SO4+H2（）2Na zCh+H2so4（冷、稀尸=Na 2sO4+H2O2MgO+H2SO4=MgSO4+H2OAbC3+3H2so 4=A12（SO4）3+3H2。.2H2so4（侬）+C=C02T+2sO2T+2H2O2H2so式浓）+S=3SO2T+2H2OH2sOK浓）+Fe（Al）室温下钝化6H2so展浓）+2Fe=Fe2（SO4）3+3SO2T+6H2。2H2so4 浓）+Cu=Cu SO4+SO2T+2H2。H2so 4（侬）+2HBr=SO2+Br 2+2H2。H2SO4（）+2HI=SO2+l2+2H2OH2SO,浓）+Ca F2=Ca SO4+2HFfH2so 4（侬）+Na Cl=Na HSO4+HClTH2so4（浓）+2Na Cl 强热 Na 0SC）4+2HClTH2so 4（浓）+Na NO3=Na HSO4+HNO3T（微热）3H2so，浓）+Ca 3（PO4）2=3Ca SO4+2H3P。42H2so式浓）+Ca 3（PO4）2=2Ca SO4+C a（H2Po4）2II2+H2 2HII2+Fe Fel2I2+2Na OH=Na I+Na lO+H2OKKK+O2=K022K+2H2O=2KOH+H2TK?。、K?。?K20+H2O=2KOHK2O+CC)2=K2c O32K2O2+2c o 2=2K2c O3+022K2O2+2H2O=4KOH+O2TKOH2KOH+CO2=K2CO3+H2OKOH+CO2=KHCO3K2CO3+2HC1=2KC1+CO2T+H20K2CO3+Ca Cl2=Ca CO3；+2KC1K2CO3+2AgNO3=Ag2CO3i+2KNO3KHCO3KHCO3+HC1=KC1+CO2T+H202KHCO3=K2c O3+CO2T+H20KCIO3Mn O,2KC1O3=2KC1+3O2TKCIO3+6HC1=KC1+3C12T+3H2OKI2KI+C12=2KC1+I2KI+AgNO3=AgI；+KNO3KAKSOQz2KA1(SO4)2+6Na OH=K2SO4+3Na2SO4+2A1(OH)3；2KA1(SO4)2+3Ba(OH)2=K2so4+3Ba SO4；+2Al(OHMKA1(SO4)2+2Ba(OH)2=KAlO2+2Ba SO4；+2H2OKMg2KM11O4 K2M11O4+M11O2+02T2KMn O4+16HC1=2KC1+2Mn Cl2+5Cbf+8H2O2KMn O4+5H2O2+6HC1=2KC1+2Mn Cl2+5O2T+8H2OKSCN3KSCN+FeCl3=Fe(SCN)3+3KC1KHKH+H2O=KOH+H2TLLi4Li+02 2Li2O2Li+2H2O=2LiOH+H2TLhQLi2。+CC)2=Li2c O3Li20+H2O=2LiOHLiOH2LiOH+CO2=Li2CO3i+H2OLiOH+CO2=LiHCO3Li2cO3Li2c O3+2HCl=2LiCl+CO2t+H20UH83LiHCO3+HCl=LiCl+CO2T+H202LiHCO3=Li2CO3+CO2T+H2OMMg卢燃 2Mg+O22MgO Mg+2H2O=2Mg(OH)2+H2T占燃 占燃Mg+Cl2MgCl2 2Mg+CO2=2MgO+CMg+S=MgS Mg+Br 2=MgBr 2Mg+2HC1=MgCl2+H2T Mg+H2so4=MgS04+H2T2Mg+TiCL(熔融)=Ti+2MgebMiOMgO+2HCl=MgCb+H2OMgO+H2O=Mg(OH)2；M 或 OH)?Mg(OH)2+2HCl=MgCl2+2H2OMgCOaMgCO3+2HCl=MgCl2+CO2T+H2OMgCO3+H2O Mg(OH)2；+CO2TMgCC)3 COzf+MgOMHCORMg(HCO3)2+2HCl=MgCb+2c O2T+2H2OMg(HCO3)2 Mg(OH)2；+2c o 2TMgSO4+Ba(OH)2=Mg(OH)2；+Ba SO4；MgSO4+2Na OH=Mg(OH)2(+Na 2so4Mud?Mn O2+4HC1(浓)=Mn Cl2+C12T+2H2ON叱催化剂、用+3印高温总压 2NH3 N2+O2 2NO点燃N2+3MgMg3N2 N2+6Na=2Na3NNO、NO?、2NO+O2=2NO2NO+NO2+2Na OH=2Na NO2+H2O（用于制硝酸工业中吸收尾气中的NO和N02）6N0+4NH3=5N2+6H2ONO2+2KI+H2O=NO+I2+2KOH（不能用淀粉KI溶液鉴别漠蒸气和NO2）4NO2+H2S=4NO+SO3+H2ON02+SO2=SO3+NO3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+NON2O5+H2O=2HNO3NH32NH3+3CuO=3Cu+N2+3H2O2NH3+3C12=N2+6HC18NH3+3CI2=N2+6NH4c l，-u一 占燃4NH3+3O2（纯氧）三42氏+6%04NH3+5O2=4NO+6H2O4NH3+6NO型等=5N2+6H2（D（用氨清除 NO）NH3+HC1=NH4C1（白烟）NH3+HNO3=NH4NO3（白烟）2NH3+H2so 4=（NH4）2SO4NH3+Na Cl+H2O+CO2=Na HCO31+NH4c1（侯氏制碱法）2NH3+SO2+H2O=（NH4）2SO3NH3H2O=nh3t+h2onh3+H2Q NH3-h2o=nh4+OHNH4HCO3、（NHa）O3NH4HCO3=NH3T+H2OT+CO2T（NH4）2CO3:2NH3T+H2OT+CO2TNHglNH4C1=NH3+HC12NH4CI+Ca(OH)2=Ca Cl2+2NH3$+2H2ONH4CI+Na OH=Na Cl+NH3$+H2ONH4CI+Na OH=Na Cl+NH3H2ONH4NO3NH4 NO3+Na OH=Na NO3+NH3 H2ONH4 NO3+Na OH=Na NO3+NH3T+H2O5NH4NO3=2HNO3+4N2T+9H2O3至逮5、(NWSOq(NH4)2SO3+SO2+H2O=2NH4HSO3(NH4)2SO4+2Na OH=Na2SO4+2 NH3 H2O(NH4)2SO4+2Na OH=Na2SO4+2NH3T+2H2ONa、Na?。、NazChNa2O2+2Na=2Na2O(此反应用于制备 Na2O)4Na+O2=2Na2O点燃 点燃2Na+O2:-Na2O2 Cl2+2Na-2Na Cl2Na+S=Na 2s(爆炸)2Na+2H2O=2Na OH+H2T 2Na+H22Na H2Na+2NH3=2Na NH2+H24Na+TiCL(熔融)=4Na Cl+TiNa 2O+H2O=2Na OH2Na2O+C)2 2NazC)2Na 2O+SC)3=Na 2so4Na 2O+CO2=Na 2CO3Na2O+2HCl=2Na Cl+H2O2Na 2O2+2H2O=4Na OH+O2T(此反应分两步 Na2O2+2H2O=2Na OH+H2O2；2H2O2=2H2O+O2To H2O2的制备可利用类似的反应)2Na 2O2+2CC)2=2Na 2c o 3+O2Na zCh+H2so4(冷、稀尸=Na 2so 4+H2O2NaHNa H+H2O=Na OH+H2TNaOH2Na OH+Si+H2O=Na2SiO3+2H2T6Na OH+3S=2Na zS+Na 2so 3+3H2O2Na OH+2Al+2H2O=2Na AlO2+3H2T2Na OH（过量）+C02=Na 2c O3+H2ONa OH+CO2（过量尸=Na HCC）32Na OH+SiO2=Na 2SiO3+H2O（常温下强碱缓慢腐蚀玻璃）2Na OH+Al2O3=2Na AlO2+H2O2Na OH+Cl2=Na Cl+Na ClO+H2ONa OH+HCl=Na Cl+H2ONa OH+H2s（足量尸=Na HS+HzO2Na OH+H2s（少量尸=Na zS+2H2O3Na OH+AlCl3=A 1（OH）3 1+3Na ClNa OH+Al（OH）3=Na AlO2+2H2ONa OH+NH4Cl=Na Cl+NH3t+H2O4Na OH+AlCl3=Na A102+3Na Cl+2H2O6Na OH+P2O5=2Na3PO4+3H2ONaAlO?2Na AlO2+CO2+3H2O=2Al（OH）3i+Na2CO33Na AlO2+AlC13+6H2O=4Al（OH）3i+3Na ClNaCl、NaClO、NaBr、Nai、4 Na Cl+H2so4（侬）=Na HSO4+HClT112so4（浓）+2Na Cl Na2SO4+2IIClf2Na I+Cl2=2Na Cl+I2Na Br+H3Po4（浓尸=Na H2P04+HBr TNa l+H3Po4（浓尸=Na H2PC）4+HITNa2cNaHCOaNa 2c o 3+SiC）2高温Na2SiO3+CO2TNa2CO3+HCl=Na HCO3+Na ClNa HCO3+HCl=Na Cl+H2O+CO2f3Na 2c o 3+2AlCb+3H2O=2Al(OH)31+3CO2T+6Na Cl3Na 2c o 3+2FeCb+3H2O=2Fe(0H)3l+3c O2f+6Na Cl3Na HCO3+AlCl3=Al(OH)3i+3CO2T+3Na Cl3Na HCO3+FeC13=Fe(OH)3i+3CO2T+3Na Cl2Na HCO3=Na2CO3+CO2T+H203Na 2c O3+2Br2+H2O=2Na HCO3+2Na Br O+2Na Br+CO2TNa HCO3+Br2=Na Br+HBr O+CO2TNaNOa、NaNO?2Na NO3=2Na NO2+02TH2so4(浓)+Na NO3=Na HSC)4+HNO3T(微热)Na NO2+NH4Cl=Na Cl+N2T+2H2ONa3PO、NaH2PO4、NaHPOqNa3PO4+HCl=Na2HPO4+Na ClNa2HPO4+HCl=Na H2PO4+Na ClNa H2PO4+HCl=H3PO4+Na ClNa?S、NaHSNa2S+C12=2Na Cl+S3Na 2s+8HNC)3(稀)=6Na NO3+2NO+3S1+4H2O3Na 2S+Ab(SO4)3+6H2O=2Al(OH)31+3H2ST+3Na 2so4Na2S+FeCl2=FeSi+2Na ClNa HS+HCl=Na Cl+H2StNa2so4、NaSOa、NaSzOw3Na 2so 3+2HNO3(稀)=3Na 2so 4+2NOT+H2O2Na 2so 3+O2=2Na 2so4Na 2s2O3+H2SC)4=Na 2sO4+SI+SO2T+H2ONa 2sO3+SO2+H2O=2Na HSC)32Na HSO3;Na 2sO3+SO2T+H20Na2SiO3+2HC1=H2SiO3i+2Na Clc 蚪 QNaC6H5ONa+CO2+H2O=C6H5OH+Na HCO3Q2占燃 02+2H2 2H2。O2+K=K02占燃2O2+3Fe=Fe3O4占燃o2+s=s o202+N2-2NO 3。2 里一2O3占燃/一 44P+5O2三PQ/常写成 P2O5)占蛛C+02(足量)金三82Si(粉)+O20=SiO24Na+O2=2Na 2O 2Na2O+C)22Na2C)22Na+C)2 Na2()2卢燃2Mg+O2=2MgO占燃4A1+3O2=2A12O3催化剂4NH3+5O2=4NO+6H2O2SO2+O2=2SO3占燃 2CO+O2=2CO26FeQ+Q2 2Fe3Q42H2so 3+O2=2H2so44Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O=4Fe(OH)32Na 2SC)3+O2=2Na 2sO4032O3=3O2O3+2HI=b+。2+氏0PP占燃 2P+3C12 2PC13 PC13+C12=PC15P4+6H2=4PH34P+502TP40io（常写成 P2O5）P4+20HNO3（浓）=4H3Po 4+2ONO2T+4H2O11P+15CuSO4+24H2O=5Cu3P+6H3PO4+I5H2sO4PH3+2O2=H3PO4PzQs P2Q3P2O5+H2CX 冷）=2HPO3P2O5+3H2CK 热）=2H3Po4（P2O5极易吸水、可作气体干燥剂）*P2O5+3H2so4（浓）=2H3Po 4+3SO3P2O5+6Na 0H=2Na 3PO4+3H2OPb、PbO?Pb+2HCl=PbCl2+H2T、一PbO2+4HC1（浓）=PbC12+CbT+2H2O（CH3coO）zPb（CH38O）2Pb+H2S=PbS|+2CH3COOHRb2Rb+2H2O=2RbOH+H2TRbOH+HCl=RbCl+H20sss+h2-h2s2S+C-c s2S+Fe-FeSS+2Cu,Cu 2s3S+2A1=Al2s3S+ZnZn SS+O2-点燃 ccOU?S+6HNO3(浓尸=H2so 4+6NO2T+2H2O3s+4HNC)3(稀)=3S02T+4N0f+2H2O3s+6Na OH=2Na 2S+Na 2so3+3氏0S+2Na=二二Na 2s(爆炸)S+Mg=MgSS+2H2so4(浓)=3SO2f+2H2OSO22SO2+O2=2SO32so 2+O2+2H2(D=2H2so4SO2+Cb+2H2O=H2so 4+2HCISO2+Br 2+2H2O=H2so 4+2HBrSO2+l2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HISO2+2H2s=3S|+2H2OSO2+H2O=H2SO3SO2+2NH3+H2O=(NH4)2SO3SO2+(NH4)2SO3+H2O=2NH4HSO3SO2+Ca(OH)2=Ca SO3i+H2O(不能用澄清石灰水鉴别SO2和C02,可用品红鉴别)2Na OH+SO2(少量)=Na 2SC)3+H2ONa 0H+SC2(足量)=Na HSC)3SO3SC)3+H2O=H2sO4SO3+MgO=MgSO4SO3+Ca（OH）2=Ca SO4i+H2OSC）3+Na 2O=Na 2so4SiSi（粗）+2CbSiCL SiCL+2H2Si（纯）+4HClSi（粉）+。2二02 Si+CSiC（金刚砂）Si+2Na OH+H2O=Na2SiO3+2H2TSiOg2C+SiO2Si+2c o M 制得粗硅）电炉3C+SiO2=SiC+2COt占燃2Mg+SiO2=2MgO+Si4HF+SiO2=SiF4+2H2OSiO2+2H2=Si+2H2O*SiO2+2Mg=2MgO+SiSiO2+Ca O=Ca SiO3SiO2+2Na OH=Na2SiO3+H2O（常温下强碱缓慢腐蚀玻璃）SiOz+Na 2c。3=里 Na zSiOs+CO2TSiO2+Ca CO3Ca SiO3+CO2T2Na OH+SiO2=Na2SiO3+H2OZZn 一Zn+S=Zn SZn+2HC1=Zn Cl2+H2TZn+H2SO4=Zn S04+H2TZn+2Na 0H=-Na zZn O?+H2TZn+2FeCb=2FeC12+Zn ChZnOZn O+2HCl=Zn Cl2+H2OZn O+2Na OH 二二二二Na zZn O?+H2OZn(OH)2Zn(OH)2+2HCl=Zn Cl2+2H2OZn(OH)2+2Na OH=Na2Zn O2+2H2OZn(OH)2+4NH3H2O=Zn(NH3)4(OH)2+4H2O Zn(OH)2=Zn O+H20二、热化学方程式BB2H6(g)+3O2(g)=B2O3(s)+3