跨文化交际期末复习资料.doc
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1、Final examPart 1 prehensive Check (15*2)每课的练习APart 2 Multiple Choice (25*1)每课的练习E复习题的变体;另外请中看第五章Part 3 E-C Translation(10*1)每课的练习CPart 4 Term-matching(10*1)Part 5 Multiple function(5*5)其中三道是简答题,两道是案例分析。Terms/questions:1. Economic globalization: the integration of national economies into the internat
2、ional economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology. 2. Barber system Farming munities traded their surplus produce in exchange for products and services without the medium of money. Human society has always traded goods across great distanc
3、es. 3. Global village:real time events 、the time and space pression All the different parts of the world form one munity linked together by electronic munications, especially the Internet. 4. Melting-pot大熔炉: a socio-cultural assimilation of people of different backgrounds and nationalities.5. Divers
4、ity: refers to the mix of people from various backgrounds in the labor force with a full mix of cultures and sub-cultures to which members belong. 6. Intercultural munication: refer to munication between people whose cultural backgrounds are distinct enough to alter their munication event. Perceptio
5、n 7. Culture: can been seen as shared knowledge, what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given culture.Culture: a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people8. Enculturation(文化习得): all the
6、 activities of learning ones culture are called enculturation9. Acculturation(文化适应): the process which adopts the changes brought about by another culture and develops an increased similarity between the two cultures.10. Ethnocentric(文化中心主义): the belief that your own cultural background is superior.
7、11. munication: mean to share with or to make mon, as in giving to another a part or share of your thoughts, hopes, and knowledge.12. ponents of munication:Source交际邀请The source is the person with an idea he or she desires to municate.Encoding编码Unfortunately (or perhaps fortunately), humans are not a
8、ble to share thoughts directly. Your munication is in the form of a symbol representing the idea you desire to municate. Encoding is the process of putting an idea into a symbol.Message编码信息The term message identifies the encoded thought. Encoding is the process, the verb; the message is the resultin
9、g object.Channel交际渠道The term channel is used technically to refer to the means by which the encoded message is transmitted. The channel or medium, then, may be print, electronic, or the light and sound waves of the face-to-face munication.Noise干扰The term noise technically refers to anything that dis
10、torts the message the source encodes.Receiver交际接受The receiver is the person who attends to the message.Decoding解码Decoding is the opposite process of encoding and just as much an active process. The receiver is actively involved in the munication process by assigning meaning to the symbols received.R
11、eceiver response接受反应The receiver is the person who attends to the message. Receiver response refers to anything the receiver does after having attended to and decoded the message.Feedback反馈Feedback refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source has knowledge and to which the sou
12、rce attends and assigns meaning.Context场景The final ponent of munication is context. Generally, context can be defined as the environment in which the munication takes place and which helps define the munication.13. Pragmatics语用学: the study of the effect that language has on human perceptions and beh
13、avior.14. Semantics语义学:a system that associates words to meaning. It is the study of the meaning of words.15. Denotation:the literal meaning or definition of a word - the explicit, particular, defined meaning. 16. Connotation:the suggestive meaning of a word - all the values, judgment, and beliefs i
14、mplied by a word the historical and associative accretion of the unspoken significance behind the literal meaning.17. Taboo禁忌语:refers to some objects, words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for religious or social reasons. 18. Euphemism委婉语:means the
15、act of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive.19. Chronemics(时间学):The study of how people perceive and use time. 20. Proxemics(空间学): refers to the perception and use of space.21. kinesics(肢体语言):The study of body language . 22. Paralanguage(副语言):Inv
16、olving sounds but not word and lying between verbal and nonverbal munication . 23. Monochronic time一元时间观念: means paying attention to and doing only one thing at a time.24. Polychronic time多元时间观念: means being involved with many things at once25. Planetary culture行星文化: is explored, which integrates Ea
17、stern mysticism with Western science and rationalism.26.Intercultural personhood(跨文化人格):Represents someone whose cognitive, affective, and behavioral characteristics are not limited but open to growth beyond the psychological parameters of his or her own culture.1. What are the four trends that lead
18、 to the development of the global village? P89Four trends that lead to the development of the global village: Convenient transportation systems/ Innovative munication systems/ Economic globalization/Widespread migrations2. What are the three aspects where cultural differences exist?Verbal difference
19、: language, thought patternsNon-verbal munication: body-language, time concept, spacious language, paralanguage, environmentPerception: values, worldviews, beliefs, attitudes3. What are three ingredients of culture? 文化的三个成分(three Ingredients)P56An shared artifact(the material and spiritual products
20、people produce)shared Behavior(what they do)shared Concepts(beliefs, values, world viewswhat they think)4. How to understand cultural Iceberg?P67Like an iceberg what we can see about culture is just the tip of the iceberg; the majority of it is intangible, beyond sight. and the part of culture that
21、is visible is only a small part of a much bigger whole. It is said nine-tenth of culture is below the surface. (Just as an iceberg which has a visible section above the waterline and a larger invisible section below the waterline, culture has some aspects that are observable and others that can only
22、 be suspected and imagined. Also like an iceberg, the part of culture that is visible is only a small part of a much bigger whole. It is said nine-tenth of culture is below the surface. (P7)5. What are the tour characteristics of culture? Dynamic/ shared/ learned/ ethnocentricCulture is shared. All
23、munications take place by means of symbols.Culture is learned. Culture is learned, not inherited. It derives from ones social environment, not from ones genes. Enculturation(文化习得): All the activities of learning ones culture are called enculturation .Culture is dynamic. (P6)Culture is subject to cha
24、nge. Its dynamic rather than static, constantly changing and evolving under the impact of events and through contact with other cultures. Acculturation(文化适应): the process which adopts the changes brought about by another culture and develops an increased similarity between the two cultures.Culture i
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