篇章模式.ppt
《篇章模式.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《篇章模式.ppt(34页珍藏版)》请在咨信网上搜索。
1、语篇模式1语篇的定义及特征语篇,又称篇章,也就是英文的text与discourse.一般而言,语篇是指一段有意义、传达一个完整信息、逻辑连贯、语言衔接、具有一定交际目的和功能的语言单位或交际事件,既可以是一个单词(wait,stop)、一组句子、一段诗歌,也可以是一篇文章甚至一部小说。2语篇分析及其意义据胡壮麟(1994),语篇分析就是立足于整个篇章,重视分析篇章的建构和解读,通过还原作者组织语言表达思想内容的原始过程来实现理解的目的。具体来说,语篇分析包括语境分析、宏观结构分析、语篇的衔接与连贯和信息结构分析。3宏观结构分析及其意义Van Dijk(1980):宏观结构与知识的组织有关,任何
2、语篇处理如果不考虑信息的宏观结构及其过程都是不合理的。作为一个读者,在理解一个语篇时,并不是单纯地只依靠理解语句来实现其阅读的目的,尤其是在阅读一些行文跳跃,文字晦涩的作品时,更要立足于整个篇章,以其宏观结构为导线来解读。更何况,语篇的宏观结构也具有明确的语言表现(linguistic manifestation).4常见的语篇模式概括-具体模式(general-specific)也称一般特殊模式(general-particular)或预览细节模式(preview-detailed)问题解决模式(problem-solution)含提问回答模式(question-answer pattern
3、)主张反主张模式(claim-counterclaim)叙述模式(narrative)5概括-具体模式图示 具体陈述1具体陈述2具体陈述3具体陈述4 概括陈述更具体陈述更具体陈述更具体陈述更具体陈述概括陈述概括陈述A概括陈述B6u概括陈述:Para 1 complaint of the work heavy work+poor pay+terrible working conditions u具体陈述1:Para 2 huge demands made by the job on my strength long hours+heavy boxes+great amount of worku具
4、体陈述2:poor paythe lowest pay+extra work with still little moneyu具体陈述3:Para 3 the terrible working conditions little rest+laboring in low temperatures+cleaning aloneu概括陈述:repetition of the top sentence in Para 1 in similar language.7概括陈述:But how you can say it can be quite tricky(topic sentence)具体陈述1
5、Im sorry I got angry with you butYou shouldnt have expected an apology for my injuring you.具体陈述2(another)Im sorry you are upset.You shouldnt have been upset by what the other has done.具体陈述3:(then)Im useless as a parent.It avoids recognizing a specific particularly hurtful act.概括陈述:evaluation of the
6、tricky/false/covering apologies8Which would be the title of the passage?A.Make sure that you dont make false apologies.B.How you should teach your children to say sorry.C.You should provide your children with necessary aid in making real apologies.D.Many parents seem to apologize without being reall
7、y sorry.9问题解决模式(1)一篇组织完好(well-formed)的篇章由以下四个部分构成situation problemresponseevaluation/result(2)常见于在记叙文、议论文科学论文、试验报告、新闻报道甚至文学作品中10exampleI was on sentry duty.I saw the enemy approaching.I opened fire.I beat off the attack.situation:I was on sentry duty.problem:I saw the enemy approaching.response:I op
8、ened fire.evaluation:I beat off the attack.11大模式嵌入小模式I was on sentry duty.I saw the enemy approaching.I tried to open fire.The guns bolt jammed.Staying calm,I applied a drop of oil.That did the trick.I opened fire.I beat off the attack.嵌入情景:I tried to open fire.嵌入问题:The guns bolt jammed.嵌入反应:I appli
9、ed a drop of oil.嵌入评价:That did the trick.12another exampleMost people like to take a camera with them when they travel abroad.But all air ports have X-ray security screening and X rays can damage film.One solution to this problem is to purchase a specially designed lead-line pouch.These are cheap an
10、d can protect film from all but strongest X rays.13Part 1/Para 1-situation for the problem in the form of a joke.Part 2/Para 2&3-the problem of animals being killed while crossing the road.Part 3/Para 4,5&6-solution to the problem.Part 4/Para 7-evaluation of the solution in a somewhat humorous way.1
11、4提问回答模式(1)有时,先预设一个情景(situation)(2)总是在篇章开头设置一个显性的、用提问方式表达的问题,有时篇章的标题就是全文要回答探讨的问题(problem)(3)篇章的发展主要是寻求对这一问题的令人满意的答案(response)(4)不少篇章的作者都对会上述的可能反应作出评价(evaluation)广泛见于多种语篇类型中,如演说、政论、说教、广告、报道等等15What would you think if you went back to school on Monday and there were no desks or chairs in your classroom
12、?Thats what some fourth-and-fifth-graders at a school in Minnesota discovered earlier this year when they took part in a research project to see if changing their classroom would make them more active.Researchers-were concerned about reports that as many as half of American kids could be overweight
13、by 1000.So they set up a different kind of classroom-.162024/4/22 周一17question44.What would be the title for the text?A.No Desks or Chairs in the ClassroomB.New Classrooms in the FutureC.School Takes a Stand against OverweightD.Washing Dishes by Hand in the Classroom18(1)Have you ever wondered why b
14、irds sing?Maybe you thought that they were just happy.After all,you probably sing or whistle when you are happy.questionquestion(2)Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy.However,they sing most of the time for a very different reason.Their singing is a
15、ctually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory.answer to the question as topic(3)Do you know what a“territory”is?A territory is an area that an animal,usually the male,claims as its own.Only he and his family are welcome there.No other families of the same species are welcome.Your y
16、ard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome.If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you,you might shout.Probably this would be enough to frighten him away.definition of“territory19(4)If so,you have actually scared the stranger away without having to
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 篇章 模式
1、咨信平台为文档C2C交易模式,即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,收益归上传人(含作者)所有;本站仅是提供信息存储空间和展示预览,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容不做任何修改或编辑。所展示的作品文档包括内容和图片全部来源于网络用户和作者上传投稿,我们不确定上传用户享有完全著作权,根据《信息网络传播权保护条例》,如果侵犯了您的版权、权益或隐私,请联系我们,核实后会尽快下架及时删除,并可随时和客服了解处理情况,尊重保护知识产权我们共同努力。
2、文档的总页数、文档格式和文档大小以系统显示为准(内容中显示的页数不一定正确),网站客服只以系统显示的页数、文件格式、文档大小作为仲裁依据,个别因单元格分列造成显示页码不一将协商解决,平台无法对文档的真实性、完整性、权威性、准确性、专业性及其观点立场做任何保证或承诺,下载前须认真查看,确认无误后再购买,务必慎重购买;若有违法违纪将进行移交司法处理,若涉侵权平台将进行基本处罚并下架。
3、本站所有内容均由用户上传,付费前请自行鉴别,如您付费,意味着您已接受本站规则且自行承担风险,本站不进行额外附加服务,虚拟产品一经售出概不退款(未进行购买下载可退充值款),文档一经付费(服务费)、不意味着购买了该文档的版权,仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用,不得用于商业用途,未经授权,严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等,侵权必究。
4、如你看到网页展示的文档有www.zixin.com.cn水印,是因预览和防盗链等技术需要对页面进行转换压缩成图而已,我们并不对上传的文档进行任何编辑或修改,文档下载后都不会有水印标识(原文档上传前个别存留的除外),下载后原文更清晰;试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓;PPT和DOC文档可被视为“模板”,允许上传人保留章节、目录结构的情况下删减部份的内容;PDF文档不管是原文档转换或图片扫描而得,本站不作要求视为允许,下载前自行私信或留言给上传者【精****】。
5、本文档所展示的图片、画像、字体、音乐的版权可能需版权方额外授权,请谨慎使用;网站提供的党政主题相关内容(国旗、国徽、党徽--等)目的在于配合国家政策宣传,仅限个人学习分享使用,禁止用于任何广告和商用目的。
6、文档遇到问题,请及时私信或留言给本站上传会员【精****】,需本站解决可联系【 微信客服】、【 QQ客服】,若有其他问题请点击或扫码反馈【 服务填表】;文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等,请点击“【 版权申诉】”(推荐),意见反馈和侵权处理邮箱:1219186828@qq.com;也可以拔打客服电话:4008-655-100;投诉/维权电话:4009-655-100。