Internationallogistics.ppt

Clique para editar o estilo do ttulo mestre,Clique para editar os estilos do texto mestre,Segundo nvel,Terceiro nvel,Quarto nvel,Quinto nvel,*,INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS,Source,:,International Business,(1998).,Fifth Edition,.,Zinkota,M.,Ronkainen,I.,and Moffett,M.,Fort Worth,:,The Dryden Press,I-INTRODUCTION,For,the international firm,customer locations and sourcing opportunities,are,widely dispersed,.,The firm can attain,a,strategically advantageous position only if it is able,to,successfully manage complex networks,consisting of its vendors,suppliers,other third parties,and its customers,.,Logistics costs comprise between,10%,and,30%,of the,total,landed costs of an international order,.,Thus,international logistics is,a,competitive tool,.,Effective international logistics and supply,-,chain management can produce higher earnings and greater corporate efficiency,.,II-DEFINITION,International Logistics is design and management of,a,system that controls the flow of materials into,through,and out of the international corporation,.,By taking,a,systems approach,the firm explicitly recognizes the linkages among the traditionally separate logistics components within and outside the corporation,A,Materials Management,:,timely movement of raw materials Parts,and supplies into and through the firm,;,and,B-,Physical Distribution,:,movements of the firms finished products,to,its customers,.,Basic goal of logistics,:,effective coordination of,:,III-SUPPLY MANAGEMENT,Supply,-,Chain Management,:a series,of value,-,adding activities connect,a,companys supply side with its demand side,.,This approach views the supply chain of the entire extended enterprise,beginning with the suppliers suppliers and ending with consumers or end users,.,Close collaboration with suppliers is required,to,develop,a,just,-,in,-time,inventory system,which in turn may be,crucial to,maintaining manufacturing costs at globally competitive levels,.,In,the,U.S.40%,of shipments,are,under,a,just,-,in,-time/,quick,response regime.,Distance,Currency variation,Border,-,Crossing Process,(,additional intermediaries,),Transportation modes,Packaging and Labeling requirements,Infrastructure,A,Differences between Domestic and International Logistics,B,International Transportation Issues,Some,countries may have excellent inbound and outbound transportation systems but weak internal transportation,links.,New routs of commerce have opened up,Extreme,variations also exist in the frequency of transportation services,.,C,Availability of Modes,Ocean Shipping,:,liner service,(,regularly scheduled passage,);,tramp service,(,available,for irregular,routes and scheduled on demand,),Container ships,Roll,-,on,-,Roll,-,off,(RORO),Air Shipping,D,Choice of Modes,Predictability,:,tracking,Transit,Time,Noneconomic Factors,IV-EXPORT DOCUMENTATION AND TERMS,A,Bill of Lading,:,contract between the exporter and the carrier indicating that the carrier has accepted responsibility,for,the goods and will provide transportation in return,for,payment,.,B,Commercial Invoice,:,is,a,bill,for,the goods stating basic information about the transaction,including,a,description of the merchandise,total,cost,address of the shipper and seller,and delivery and payment terms,V-INCOTERMS,The responsibilities of the buyer and the seller should be spelled out,as,they,relate to,what is and what is not included in the price quotation and when ownership of goods,passes,from seller,to,buyer,.,Incoterms,:are,the internationally accepted,standard,definition,for,terms of sale by the International Chamber of Commerce,.,A,Ex,-,works,(EXW),:,apply only at the point of origin,B,Free Carrier,(FCA),:,applies only at,a,designated inland shipping point,C,Free Alongside Ship,(FAS),:,exporter quotes,a,price,for,the goods,including charges,for,delivery of the goods alongside,a,vessel at the port,.,D,Free on Board,(FOB),:,applies only,to,vessel shipments,.,The seller quotes,a,price covering all expenses up,to,and including delivery of goods,.,E,Cost and Freight,(CFR),:,seller quotes,a,price,for,the goods,including the cost of transportation,to,the named port of debarkation,.,F,Cost,Insurance,and Freight,(CIF),:,price includes insurance,all transportation,and port charges,documentation charges,freight fowarder fees,and other insurance charges,.,G,Delivery Duty Paid,(DDD),:,the seller delivers the goods,with import duties paid,including inland transportation from import point,to,the buyers premises,VI INTERNATIONAL PACKAGING ISSUES,Packaging is of,particular,importance in international logistics because it is,instrumental,in getting the merchandise,to,the ultimate destination in,a:,a),Safe,b),Maintainable,and,c),Presentable condition,The responsibility,for,appropriate packaging rests with the shipper of goods,!,Packaging decisions must take into account,:,a),climate,b),weight of packaging,c),packaging,material,Stresses in Intermodal Movement,:,a),Acceleration,vibrations,b),Dropping Impact,c),Rolling,Swaying,