名词性从句的用法.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,名词性从句的用法,名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。根据这些从句的共同特性，名词性从句的连词主要可以分成三类：,that,if/whether,和,wh,-(,疑问词,),。,1,如果一个陈述句被用来作为另一个句子的主语、表语、宾语或同位语，那么我们一般要用,that,作为连词。,that,本身在句子中没有意思，只起连接作用。,主语从句：,That science is developing very fast is known to all.,表语从句：,The fact is that science is developing very fast.,宾语从句：,Everyone knows that science is developing very fast.,同位语从句：,The fact that science is developing very fast is known to all,2.,如果一个一般疑问句被用来作为另一个句子的主语、表语、宾语或同位语，那么我们要用,whether,或,if,作为连词。,whether/if,在句子中的意思是“是否”。变成名词性从句后，原来的疑问句的词序要改成陈述句的词序（主语,+,谓语,),。,关于,if,与,whether,：两者都可引导宾语从句，常可换用；但若引导主语从句，则用,whether,（不用,if,），,一般疑问句：,Shall we have a meeting this afternoon?,主语从句：,Whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon hasnt been decided yet.,或：,It hasnt been decided yet whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon.,表语从句：,The question is whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon.,宾语从句：,Do you know whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon?,同位语从句：,None of us can answer the question whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon.,3.,如果一个特殊疑问句被用来作为另一个句子主语、表语、宾语或同位语，那么我们就保留原来的疑问词作为连词，这些疑问词的意思也保留在从句中。变成名词性从句之后，原来的疑问句的词序要改成陈述句的词序（主语,+,谓语）,特殊疑问句：,Why did the river be polluted?,主语从句：,Why the river was polluted must be found out immediately.,表语从句：,The problem is why the river was polluted.,宾语从句：,Scientists are trying to find out why the river was polluted.,同位语从句：,Scientists are trying to solve the problem why the river was polluted.,陈述句：,Science is developing very fast.,主语从句,：,That science is developing very fast is known to all.,通常主语从句用,it,做形式主语来表达，而真正的主语放在后面,It is known to all that science is developing very fast.,Its a pity that you did not go to see the film.,Its in the morning that murder took place(,强调句，与其的区别,),但也有主语从句不能放在句首的情况,It is said that the mayor will visit our school next week(right),That mayor will visit our school next week is said(wrong),It happened,it occurred,也不能,It occurred to me that I failed to examination.,It doesnt matter how/whether,也不能,It doesnt matter whether he is right or not.,.,宾语从句,就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。,1.,作动词的宾语,(1),由,that,引导的宾语从句（,that,通常可以省略）,例如：,I heard that he joined the army.,(2),由,what,whether(if),引导的宾语从句，例如：,1)She did not know what had happened.,2)I wonder whether you can change this note for me.,(3),动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：,She told me that she would accept my invitation.2.,作介词的宾语例如：,Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.,3.,作形容词的宾语例如：,I am afraid(that)Ive made a mistake.,That,引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：,4.It,可以作为形式宾语,It,不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语,that,从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：,We heard it that she would get married next month.,否定转移,1),将,think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine,等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。,I dont think I know you.,我想我并不认识你。,I don t believe he will come.,我相信他不回来。,注意：若谓语动词为,hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。,I hope you werent ill.,我想你没有生病吧。,三表语从句,表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有,be,look,remain,seem,等。引导表语从句的,that,常可省略。另外，常用的还有,the reason is that,和,It is because,等结构。例如：,1)The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.,2)This is why we cant get the support of the people,3)But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.,4)The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.,同位语从句,对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由,that,引导，例如：,1)The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.,2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.,2.,同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：,He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.,3.,同位语从句与定语从句的区别,(1),定语从句中的,that,既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的,that,是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。,What,和,that,引导主语从句的区别,What,引导主语从句在从句中充当成分，而,that,则不是，如,What you said is right.,That she is still alive is a miracle.,1)The news,that,he told me is,that,Tom would go abroad next year.,（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个,that,引导的从句是定语从句，,that,在从句中作宾语）,2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.,（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，,that,在句中不作任何成分,1.,_,is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.,There B.This C.That D.It,2.A computer can only do,_,_ you have instructed it to do,A,how B,after C,what D,When,3.He asked _ for a violin,A.did I pay how much B.I paid how much,C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid,4.What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon,when B.how C.whether D.why,5,It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants.,however B.whatever,C.whichever D.whenever,6._leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.,A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who,7.I still remember _ this used to be a quiet village.,when B.how C.where D.what,8.Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.,while B.that C when D.as,9.I think it is going to be a big problem.,Yes,it could be.,I wonder _ we can do about it.,A,、,if B,、,how C,、,what D,、,that,10.I think _ he needs is more practice,Yes,_ he needs more practice is clear,A,what,，,What B,that,，,ThatC,what,，,That D,that,，,What,11.No one can be sure _ in a million years.A.what man will look like B.what will man look likeC.man will look like what D.what look will man like,12._ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A.What;what B.what;that C.That;that D.That;what,13._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather,A,If B,Whether C,That D,When14_ you dont like him is none of my business.A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether,15.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full.A.it B.that C.this D.them,