第四章-货物运输保险.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/8/9 Sunday,#,2026/11/11,第四章 货物运输保险,Section 1Brief Introduction of Cargo Transportation Insurance,11/11/2026,2,1.Functions of Cargo Transportation Insurance,(1)Risks Transfer,Insurance is a risk transfer mechanisms,whereby the individual or the business enterprises can shift some of the uncertainty of life onto the shoulders of others.,(2)Risk Spreading,Base on the principle that the fortunate helps the unfortunate,the industry of insurance has been developed to overcome these financial losses.,(3)Indemnity,This concept is concerned with the value of compensation.,11/11/2026,3,2.The Basic Factors of Cargo Transportation Insurance,(1)Insured,(2)Insurer(Underwriter),(3)Subject of Insurance,(4)Insurance Policy,(5)Conditions,(6)Insured Amount,(7)Insurance Premium,(8)Insurance Claim,11/11/2026,4,Section 2The Content of Cargo Transportation Insurance,11/11/2026,5,1.The Classification of Risks,Risks,Natural Calanities,Fortuitous Accidents,Special Extraneous Risks,Common Extraneous Risks,Perils of Sea,Extraneous Risks,11/11/2026,6,(1)Perils of the Sea,Perils of the sea are those caused by natural calamities and fortuitous.,i.Natural calamities,ii.Fortuitous Accidents,(2)Extraneous Risks,General extraneous risks include:theft or pilferage,rain,shortage,contamination,leakage,breakage,taint of odor,dampness,heating,rusting,hooking,etc.,Special extraneous risks include:war risks,strikes,non-delivery of cargo,refusal to receive cargo,etc.,11/11/2026,7,2.Losses,Losses,Actual Total loss,Constructive Total Loss,General Average,Particular Average,Total Loss,Partial Loss,11/11/2026,8,(1)Total Loss,Total loss refers to the loss of the entire shipment caused by the occurrence of one of the perils of the sea,fire,or some other reasons.,i.Actual total loss,ii.Constructive total loss,(2)Partial Loss,Partial loss means the total loss of part of the insured cargo.,i.General Average,ii.Particular Average,11/11/2026,9,3.Expenses,Transportation insurance not only insures the losses caused by risks but also the losses of expenses.The main expenses include:,i.Sue and labor expenses,ii.Salvage charges,11/11/2026,10,Section 3Marine Insurance Coverage and Clauses,11/11/2026,11,1.Basic Coverage,(1)FPA(Free from Particular Average),The FPA policy provides coverage for total losses and general average emerging from actual“marine perils”.,(2)WPA(With Particular Average),This insurance covers wider than FPA.,(3)All Risks,Besides the risks covered by FPA and WPA,All Risks also provides cover against some extraneous risks of loss or damage.,11/11/2026,12,2.Additional Risks,(1)General Additional Risks,i.Theft,pilferage and/or non-delivery clause,ii.Fresh water and/or rain damage clause,iii.Shortage clause,iv.Intermixture and contamination clause,v.Leakage clause,vi.Clash and breakage clause,vii.Taint of odor clause,viii.Sweat and heating clause,ix.Hooks damage clause,x.Breakage of packing clause,xi.Rust clause,(2)Special Additional Risks,11/11/2026,13,3.Special Coverage,(1)Ocean Marine Insurance Clause on Frozen Products,It is classified into two kinds,that are Frozen Risk and Frozen All Risk.,(2)Ocean Marine Insurance Clause on Wood Oil Bulk,It is established especially for the wood oil bulk,so that it could be covered independently.,11/11/2026,14,4.The Duration of Ocean Marine Insurance,(1)The Duration of Basic Coverage,(2)The Duration of War Risk,(3)The Duration of Strike Risk,(4)Marine Cargo Extension Clause,(5)The Duration of Special Coverage,11/11/2026,15,Section 4London Insurance Institute Clause,11/11/2026,16,1.The Classification of Institute Cargo Clause(ICC),Institute Cargo Cause A.,Institute Cargo Cause B.,Institute Cargo Cause C.,Institute War Clause-Cargo.,Institute Strike Clause-Cargo.,Malicious Damage Clause.,11/11/2026,17,2.Institute Cargo Clause and Exclusions,(1)ICC(A),i.Exclusions,ii.Exclusions of Unseaworthiness and unfitness of the carrying vessel or lighter,including the containers,iii.Exclusions of War,iv.Exclusions of Strike,(2)ICC(B),(3)ICC(C),11/11/2026,18,Section 5Insurance of Land,Air and Postal Transportation,11/11/2026,19,1.Insurance of Land,A high volume of business is now conveyed by rail and road.It is essential that adequate cover be obtained for the land carriage.Again,the insurance broker or trade association can give valuable advice.Insurance coverage for land transportation can be divided into two categories:Land Transportation Risk,almost equivalent to WPA,and All Risks for land transportation,almost equivalent to Marine All Risks.,11/11/2026,20,2.Insurance of Air,By the nature of air movements,short transit times,lighter packing required,quick clearance at destination points and,in most places,stricter theft-pilferage control,a significant number of export dispatches are sent by air these days.While an air disaster is spectacular and concentrates the public attention exceptionally,it is true that air traffic is one of the safest methods of moving goods.,There are also two types of coverage:Air transportation risk and air transportation All Risks.,11/11/2026,21,3.Insurance of Postal Transportation,Parcel post insurance covers the losses of or damage to the parcels caused by natural calamities,fortuitous accidents or external risks.It includes Parcel Post Risk and parcel post All Risks.On the basis of these two basic coverages,some additional risks may be added if circumstances require.,11/11/2026,22,Section 6Insurance Clauses in Sales Contract,11/11/2026,23,1.Examples of Insurance Clauses in Sales Contract,In FOB,CFR or FCA,CPT contract,the insurance clause may simply be stipulated as:“Insurance:To be covered by the buyer.”,In CIF or CIP contract,the clause should make it clear as to who is responsible for effecting insurance,the risks covered,the methods of ascertaining the insurance amount,and the insurance clauses adopted.,11/11/2026,24,2.Points for Attention,i.,Make clear by which way to cover the cargo,ICC Clause or CIC Clause,ii.Make clear the insured coverage,WPA,FPA or All Risks,as well as the Additional Risk,iii.Make clear who is the insured,iv.Make clear the insurance amount,v.Make clear the validity of insurance clause,vi.The date of policy can not be later than the date of Bill of Lading,vii.Keep the currency of policy same as that of invoice in order to avoid the risk of foreign exchange,viii.Pay attention to trade terms in sales contract as well as the ship-age,11/11/2026,25,Section 7Practice on Marine Cargo Insurance,11/11/2026,26,1.Choosing the Right Coverage,The clear distinction among the clauses FPA,WPA and All Risks is of great practical significance.,Products should be insured in the appropriate category.,A good rule of thumb is that an exporter should insure for the coverage accepted in his particular trade.,11/11/2026,27,2.Insurance Premium,(1)Insurance Amount,If the CIF or the CIP value cannot be determined,the minimum amount of insurance coverage would be 110%of the amount requested under the L/C for payment,acceptance or negotiation,or 110%of the amount of the invoice,whichever is the greater.,(2)Insurance Premium,Insurance amountCIF(CIP)price(1percentage of addition),Premiuminsurance amountpremium rate,11/11/2026,28,3.Insurance Policy,Insurance policy is a written document between an insured person and an insurance company specifying the exact losses to be covered and the cost to the insured person.,When one person is responsible for procuring insurance,the exporter often makes himself the beneficiary.A blank endorsement would then need in order to transfer the policy.However,if the importer or his bank has been made the beneficiary of the insurance policy,no endorsement is necessary for the transfer.,11/11/2026,29,