高中英语选修8-英语-北师大版.ppt

*,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,高中英语选修8-英语-北师大版281,高中英语选修8-英语-北师大版281高中英语选修8-英语-北师大版281高中英语选修模块82,高中英语选修模块,8,2,目录,第,22,讲,Unit22,Environmental Protection,第,23,讲,Unit23 Conflict,第,24,讲,Unit,24 Society,高中英语选修模块,8,新课标,北师大版,3,第,22,讲,Unit 22 Environmental Protection,第,22,讲,Unit 22 Environmental Protection,4,第,22,讲,美文欣赏,美文欣赏,全球气候变暖是目前人类面临的最大环境问题。请你根据以下提示，写一篇英语短文，为,“节能减排”献计献策。,背景：随着经济的发展，更多的温室气体被排放，其中大约,70%,为二氧化碳，这也是全球变暖的主要原因之一。,后果：海平面上升；自然灾害频繁。,措施：,5,1多使用清洁能源，少用煤、油；,2在可能的情况下以步行代替驾车；,3,4,要求：1.短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥，措施中3、4点由考生自由发挥；,2词数：100左右。,第,22,讲,美文欣赏,6,【,精彩美文,】,With the development of economy,，,more and more greenhouse gases are being,discharged into,the air.CO,2,makes up,about 70%of the greenhouse gases,which is considered to be one of the greatest causes of global warming.,It has harmful effects,causing,the sea level,to rise and,many natural disasters,to strike,.,第,22,讲,美文欣赏,7,So,we must,take effective measures to save our planet,.,Firstly,we should use more clean energy and less coal and oil.,Secondly,we should go to work on foot or by bus instead of driving a car if possible.,Thirdly,we should plant more trees,because plants can turn CO,2,into oxygen.More importantly,we should,form the habit of,saving energy in our daily life.,第,22,讲,美文欣赏,8,【,全品点睛,】,行文逻辑：提出观点解释原因提出建议。较好地使用了连接词，如：,so,firstly,secondly,thirdly,more importantly,等。,词汇短语：运用了较高难度的词汇。如：,discharge into,，,make up,，,take effective measures,form the habit of,等。,句式句法：运用了较多的句式和句法结构。如：定语从句：,which is considered to be one of the greatest causes of global warming,；原因状语从句：,because plants can turn CO,2,into oxygen,；非谓语动词结构：,causingto rise andto strike/to save our planet.,等。,第,22,讲,美文欣赏,9,基础梳理,.,单词荟萃,1._,adj,.,植物的，植物学的,_,n,.,植物学,2._,adj,.,有关的,_,n,.,有关，切题,_,adv,.,有关地，切题地,3._,n,.,农业,_,adj,.,农业的,4._,n,.,巧合,_,adj,.,一致的，巧合的,5._,n,.,灌溉,_,vt,.,灌溉,6._,adj,.,艰难的，粗糙的，粗野的,_,adv,.,艰难地，粗略地，粗鲁地,第,22,讲,基础梳理,botanical,botany,relevant,relevance,relevantly,agriculture,agricultural,coincidence,coincident,irrigation,irrigate,rough,roughly,10,7._,vt,.,建造,_,n,.,建造，建设,8._,n,.,潜力，可能性,adj,.,潜在的，有可能的,_,adv,.,潜在地,_,n,.,潜力,9._,adj,.,想得周到的，体贴的,_,n,.,考虑，体贴,_,v,.,考虑,_,adj,.,相当大的,10._,n,.,资金，金融,_,adj,.,金融的，财政的,_,adv,.,金融上，财政上,第,22,讲,基础梳理,construct,construction,potential,potentially,potentiality,considerate,consideration,consider,considerable,finance,financial,financially,11,.,短语检测,1,超出,的控制,2,在,前面,3,除了,之外,4,负责任,5,要求结束某事,6,代表,7,总的说来,8,导致,9,谋生,10,事实上,第,22,讲,基础梳理,beyond ones control,ahead of,apart from,answer for,call for an end to sth.,on ones behalf,all in all,result in,earn ones living,as a matter of fact,12,.,佳句再现,1._,the suns rays would bounce back into space _ the Earth cold and impossible to live on.,如果没有这些自然存在的气体，太阳的光线将会离开地球，返回到太空，使地球变得寒冷，人类将无法居住。,2._this data,_the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.,鉴于这些数据，好像人类活动与正在升高的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅是巧合。,第,22,讲,基础梳理,Without these naturally occurring gases,leaving,Given,it seems that,13,3._the Titanic was the largest,the most beautiful,the most technologically advanced and the safest ship _,and this made people believe that it was unsinkable.,人们声称泰坦尼克号是所造的最大、最豪华、技术最高超、最安全的船只，这就使人们相信它是不可能沉没的。,4,How can we _ these disasters _,?,我们如何才能防止这些灾难的发生呢？,5._terrible flooding in Asia,Africa,America and Oceania.,亚洲、非洲、美洲和大洋洲都发生过严重的洪涝灾害。,第,22,讲,基础梳理,It had been declared that,that had ever been built,from happening,stop,There has been,14,第,22,讲,单词点睛,单词点睛,1,reserve,v,(put aside or keep sth.for a later occasion or special use),保留，储备,(,强调为某一特殊目的,),；,(order or set aside such as seats,accommodation,etc.for use by a particular person at a future time),订,(,座位,),，预定,【,温馨提示,】,preserve,vt,.,保护；维持；保养；防止,(,食物,),腐坏,(,强调使不受破坏,),。如：,You can preserve meat or fish in salt.,你可以用盐保存肉或鱼。,15,【,活学活用,】,1,根据汉语提示或汉语意思完成句子,(1)I _for you at the hotel.,我已在旅馆为你预订了一个房间。,(2)Ill _(,保留我的看法,)at this time.,(3)Policemen _(,维持秩序,)in the streets.,(4)The Ancient Egyptians knew _,_(,如何保存尸体使之不会腐烂,).,第,22,讲,单词点睛,have reserved a room,reserve my opinion,preserve order,how to preserve dead,bodies from decay,16,2,单项填空,At minus 130,，,a living cell can be _ for a thousand years.,A,spared,B,protected,C,preserved D,developed,解析,C,考查动词词义辨析。句意：在零下,130,的低温下，活细胞能被保存上千年。只有,preserve,有“保存”之意。,第,22,讲,单词点睛,17,2,means,n,方法；手段,(,单复数同形,),by means _,用,办法，借助,a means of,一种,的方式,by _ means,当然可以；尽一切办法,by any means,无论如何,by_means,绝不，一点也不,(,位于句首，用部分倒装结构,),means of transportation,交通方式,第,22,讲,单词点睛,of,all,no,18,【,词语辨析,】,method,way,means,与,approach,(1)method,指系统、有条理地办事或解决问题的方法，较正式，常和介词,with,搭配。,(2)way,是常用词，常和介词,in,搭配。,(3)means,指为达到某种目的或目标而采用的方法、手段或途径，常和介词,by,搭配。,(4)approach,指从事某事的特别方法、途径。,【,注意事项,】,means,表示“方式，方法”时，单复数同形。当,means,作主语且有,every,each,等修饰时，谓语动词用单数；由,some,，,several,，,few,many,等修饰时，谓语动词用复数。,第,22,讲,单词点睛,19,【活学活用】,1根据汉语提示或汉语意思完成句子,(1)He is a strong determined person and _(绝不)will he give in to difficulties.,(2)You must realize your dream _(尽一切办法),(3)He let himself down slowly _.,他借助一根绳子慢慢地下来了。,第,22,讲,单词点睛,by no means,by all means,by means of a rope,20,2用means，way，method填空,(1)Children should learn the proper _ of brushing teeth.,(2)Only in this _ can you find out the truth.,(3)We express our thoughts by _ of words.,第,22,讲,单词点睛,method,way,means,21,3,单项填空,Ive tried very hard to improve my English.But by no means _ with my progress.,A,the teacher is not satisfied,B,is the teacher not satisfied,C,the teacher is satisfied,D,is the teacher satisfied,解析,D,本题有“,by no means”,这个带有否定意义的状语在句首，句子要用部分倒装，即将动词放在主语的前面，所以选择,D,。,第,22,讲,单词点睛,22,3,threat,n,恐吓，威胁；凶兆,(1)a threat to/of sb./sth.,对,构成威胁,(2)threaten,v,恐吓，预示,的凶兆,threaten sb.(with sth.)(,用某物,),威胁某人,threaten to do sth.,恐吓要做某事,(3)threatened,adj,.,受到威胁的,threatening,adj,.,威胁的；阴沉沉的,threateningly,adv,.,威胁地；危险地,第,22,讲,单词点睛,23,【活学活用】,(1)Terrorism _to the whole country.,恐怖主义是整个国家的威胁。,(2)He _make the photos public yesterday.,昨天，他扬言把照片公之于众。,(3)The attacker _.,袭击者用枪威胁我。,第,22,讲,单词点睛,is a threat,threatened to,threatens me with a gun,24,4,claim,vt,.&,n,.,要求；夺走；声称；索取,(1)claim sth./to do sth.,声称某事,(,物,)/,要做某事,claim compensation,要求赔偿损失,claim sth.back,要回某物；索回某物,claim for sth.,索赔,(2)make/advance/put forward a claim,提出要求,accept a claim for compensation,接受赔偿要求,(a)claim for sth.,索款；索要,lay claim to sth.,声称对某事物有权利,第,22,讲,单词点睛,25,【词语辨析】,announce,declare与claim,(1)announce侧重于“通知，宣布(结果、决定等)”。如：,She announced that the singer would give one extra song.她宣布歌手将再加唱一首歌。,(2)declare的意思是“宣布(公告、法律等)，声明”。如：,They declared martial law in the mining communities.,他们宣布对矿区实行军事管制。,第,22,讲,单词点睛,26,(3)claim意为“声称要求得到；认领”。如：,If anybody owns this camera,will he or she please,come forward and claim it?,这是谁的相机？请失主前来认领。,第,22,讲,单词点睛,27,【活学活用】,1根据汉语意思完成句子,(1)After the battle,both sides _ victory.,战斗结束后，双方都声称胜利了。,(2)Does she _for damages?,她提出赔偿损害的要求了吗？,(3)He _ the ownership of the house.,他要求那座房屋的所有权。,(4)She _the ring was stolen,not lost.,她声称那只戒指是被偷了，而不是遗失了。,第,22,讲,单词点睛,claimed,make/advance/put forward a claim,claimed,claimed that,28,(5)She _a good pianist.,她声称自己是位优秀的钢琴家。,第,22,讲,单词点睛,claims to be,29,2,单项填空,He _ that he could finish the work without any help.,A,claimed,B,required,C,demanded D,denounced,解析,A,句意：他宣称他不需要任何帮助能够完成工作。,claim,表示“声称，宣称”；,require,表示“要求，需要”；,demand,表示“要求，请求”；,denounce,表示“指责，谴责”。,第,22,讲,单词点睛,30,5,flee,vi,.(fled,fled),逃走，消失，逃避；,(,时间,),飞逝,vt,.,逃离,(1)flee from,从,逃走,flee to,逃到,flee away/past (,时间等,),飞逝，消失,(2)run away from,逃走,make off,逃走,第,22,讲,单词点睛,31,【活学活用】,(1)The mists _before the rising sun.,太阳慢慢升起，薄雾渐渐消失。,(2)The frightened people _.,人们惊恐万状地逃离了火灾现场。,第,22,讲,单词点睛,was fleeing,fled from the fire,32,1,speed up,(,使,),加速,slow _,减缓,(,速度,),_a speed of,以,速度,at high/low/full speed,以高,/,低,/,全速,pick up speed,开足马力,speed limit,速度限制,第,22,讲,短语储存,短语储存,down,at,33,【活学活用】,(1)The train left for the destination _(以全速),(2)They _(已经加快了)production.,第,22,讲,短语储存,at full speed,have speeded up,34,2,all in all,总而言之,in all,总计,not at all,一点也不,_ all,毕竟,above all,最重要的是,【,知识拓展,】,英语中表示“总共，总而言之”的单词和短语有：,in total,to sum up,to conclude,in conclusion,altogether,totally,。,第,22,讲,短语储存,after,35,【活学活用】,(1)_，the party was a great success,and for everyone it was very happy.,AAll in all BNot at all,CIn all DIn total,(2)Having lived in the countryside for 20 years,the old man isnt accustomed to the busy city life _.,Aalready Bpartly,Cin all Dat all,第,22,讲,短语储存,36,(3)Children need many things,but _ they need love.,A,the most important B,above all,C,to their satisfaction D,in genera,答案,(1)A,(2)D,(3)B,第,22,讲,短语储存,37,3,die from,死于,(,外因,),(1)die off,相继死去,die away (,声音、光线、风等,),逐渐平息,die _ (,火、兴奋等,),渐弱，渐息,die for,急切想要,die _(,动植物物种,),灭绝；,(,风俗、习惯等,),逐渐消失；,(,火,),熄灭,die of,因,致死，死于,(,内因,),(2)dying,adj,.,临死的；垂死的,(be)dying to do/for sth.,渴望,(,做,),某事,(3)dead,adj,.,死的,death,n,.,死；死亡,第,22,讲,短语储存,down,out,38,【注意事项】,(1)die的现在分词dying还表示“奄奄一息的”之意，不要与dead混淆。,(2)die of 因而死(原因多来自内部，如死于情感、冻、饿、生病等)。常见的搭配有：,die of hunger(cold,poison,illness/a disease,old age,boredom,thirst,sorrow,disappointed love,a fever,heat)死于饥饿(寒冷、中毒、病、年老、无聊、渴、忧伤、失恋、发烧、热),第,22,讲,短语储存,39,(3)die from 由于而死(原因常是来自外部)。常见的搭配有：,die from a wound(lack of food,accident,overwork,carelessness,drinking,some unknown cause)死于受伤(缺乏食物、事故、工作过度、粗心、饮酒过量、不明原因),第,22,讲,短语储存,40,【活学活用】,1根据括号中的提示完成句子,(1)We cant figure out the reason for more and more animals _(die)out.,(2)The animals _(死于)starvation in the snow.,(3)_(他们都渴望看)the new movies directed by Zhang Yimou.,(4)At last,the music _(渐渐弱了下来)and we could sleep.,第,22,讲,短语储存,dying,died of,All of them are dying to see,died away,41,2,单项填空,The species is threatened with _,，,which really worries the animal conservationists.,A,extinct,B,extinction,C,extinguish D,die out,解析,B,词性辨析题。句意：这种物种面临着灭绝的威胁，使得动物保护主义者很担心。,extinct,是形容词；,extinction,是名词。,第,22,讲,短语储存,42,4,apart from,除了,；除了,(,还有,),in addition to,除了,besides,除,之外,except,除了,之外,except for,除,之外；只是,except that(what/when/where),除了,【,词语辨析,】,in addition(to),apart from,except,except for,与,besides,(1)in addition,是副词短语，意为“加之，又，另外,(,包括除去内容在内,)”,。如：,第,22,讲,短语储存,43,There was an earthquake and，in addition，there were tidal waves.除了地震之外，还有海啸。,(2)in addition to是介词短语，意为“加之；除之外(包括除去内容在内)”。如：,He speaks French in addition to English.,他除了英语之外，还会说法语。,(3)apart from是介词短语，意为“除以外(包括或不包括除去内容)”。如：,Apart from a few faults,he is a trustworthy teacher.,除了少许几个缺点外，他是个值得信赖的老师。,第,22,讲,短语储存,44,(4)except，except for 都有“除之外”之意。except指从同类的人或物中排除；except for所排除的不属同一类。如：,He likes everyone except me.,除了我以外，每个人他都喜欢。,(5)besides除之外(还有)(包括被除去内容，和in addition to同义)。如：,There were three more visitors besides me.,除我之外，还有三位访客。,Besides being a scholar,he was a famous writer.,他除了是一位学者，还是一位有名的作家。,第,22,讲,短语储存,45,No one knows it besides me.(疑问句、否定句中和except同义),除我以外，谁也不知道这事。(只有我知道),【注意事项】,apart from后跟名词或动名词，相当于besides除以外(还包括)或except除以外(不包括)。如：,Apart from my mother tongue,I speak several foreign languages as well.,除了母语外，我还会讲好几种外语。,I like all the subjects apart from English.,除了英语外，我喜欢所有学科。,第,22,讲,短语储存,46,【活学活用】,1用apart from/except for/except/except that/besides填空,(1)We go there every day _ Monday.,(2)He is a good man _his bad temper.,(3)Your article is good _there are some spelling mistakes.,(4)_the cost,it will take a lot of time.,(5)_that,everything goes well.,第,22,讲,短语储存,except for/apart from,except that,Apart from/Besides,Apart from/Except for,except,47,2,单项填空,_ being fun and good exercise,swimming is a very useful skill.,A,Apart from,B,As good as,C,In addition D,As well,解析,A,词组,apart from,作“除,之外”讲。如果把,C,项后面加上,to,，也是正确的,。,第,22,讲,短语储存,48,5,lead to,导致；造成,(,后果,),lead,vi,.&,vt,.,领导；带领，率领；通向,n,.,主要角色；领先地位,lead alife,过着,的生活,lead the way,带路,follow the lead,效法,in the lead,领先,take the lead,带路；带头，领先,lead sb.to do sth.,使得,/,诱使某人做某事,第,22,讲,短语储存,49,【活学活用】,1根据汉语意思完成句子,(1)What _,是什么使你这样想的？,(2)_Rome.,条条道路通罗马。,(3)This success _.,这次成功使得他能到许多地方旅游。,第,22,讲,短语储存,led you to think so?,All roads lead to,led him to visit many places,50,2,单项填空,The students in the university are all taking courses _ a degree.,A,sticking to,B,leading to,C,turning to D,referring to,解析,B,考查动词短语辨析。,stick to,坚持；,lead,to,导致，引起；通往；,turn to,求助，转向，查阅；,refer to,指的是；谈论，查阅。句意：大学生都在学习课程，以取得学位。,第,22,讲,短语储存,51,6,break away from,脱离，离开，背弃，与,脱离关系,break down,(,机器、车辆等,),坏了；,(,计划、谈判等,),失败；,(,健康、精神等,),变坏,break in,插嘴，打岔,break into,强行进入；打断，插嘴,break _ (,火灾、战争等,),突然发生或爆发,break _,突破，有重要创见,break up,解散，驱散,第,22,讲,短语储存,out,through,52,【活学活用】,1根据汉语意思，用以上短语的适当形式填空,(1)A fire _ during the night.,夜间发生了火灾。,(2)Scientists say theyre beginning to _ in the fight against cancer.,科学家们说，他们在防治癌症方面开始有所突破。,(3)The police _ the crowd.,警察驱散了人群。,(4)He _ the discussion with a shout of warning.他大声警告，打断了讨论。,第,22,讲,短语储存,broke out,break through,broke up,broke into,53,(5)The secretary _to say that a telegram had just arrived.,秘书插话说刚收到一个电报。,(6)Cant you _from old habits?,你不能摆脱掉旧习惯吗？,(7)The car _after an hours driving.,车子开了一个小时就坏了。,第,22,讲,短语储存,broke in,break away,broke down,54,2,单项填空,How about your journey to Mount Emei?,Everything was wonderful except that our car _ twice on the way.,A,slowed down,B,broke down,C,got down D,put down,解析,B,考查动词短语的区别。答语的意思是：一切都进展顺利除了我们的汽车在途中抛锚了两次外。,break down,抛锚；,slow down,慢下来；,get down,记下，写下；,put down,记下；镇压。,第,22,讲,短语储存,55,1,Given this data,it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.,根据这一数据推断，人类活动与全球变暖之间的关系不仅仅是一个巧合。,句型公式,given,sth./that,从句,第,22,讲,句型透视,句型透视,56,【相关拓展】,supposing/providing/providedthat从句,以为条件；假如,seeing/consideringthat从句,鉴于，由于；考虑到,regarding sth.关于，对于,第,22,讲,句型透视,57,【注意事项】,given后接名词、代词或that从句，意为“考虑到(某事物)；假如”，相当于taking(sth.)into account，或者由if引导的条件状语从句。如：,Given that she is interested in children,I am sure teaching is the right career for her.考虑到她喜欢孩子，我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。,第,22,讲,句型透视,58,【,活学活用,】,1,根据汉语意思完成句子,(1)I shall go _.,假如不下雨，我就去。,(2)_,well stay at home.,因为天气不好，我们要待在家里了。,(3)_,he arrived very quickly.,鉴于路程较远，他来得够快了。,(4)_,he knows quite a lot about it.,考虑到他只是刚刚开始，他对此的了解已经不少了。,第,22,讲,句型透视,providing/provided,(that)it doesnt rain,Seeing(that)the weather is bad,Considering the distance,Considering hes only just started,59,(5)She said nothing _.,你所作出的要求她只字未提。,2,单项填空,_ enough time and money,the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field.,A,Giving,B,To give,C,Given D,Being given,解析,C,句意：如果有足够的时间和资金，研究者本可以在这个领域有更多的发现。,given,在这里作介词，表示“考虑到；如果；就,来说”。,第,22,讲,句型透视,regarding your request,60,2,But why wait around for governments to take action?,但是为什么要等政府采取行动呢？,句型公式,Why,动词原形,？,为什么,？,【,相关拓展,】,(1)Why not,动词原形？,为什么不,？,(2)Why dont you,动词原形？,为什么不,？,(3)Lets,动词原形！,让我们,第,22,讲,句型透视,61,【注意事项】,(1)“Why 动词原形”表示反问语气，表示某事不可取或不必要。,(2)“Why not 动词原形”是用来“提出建议”的一种句式，它可以和“Why dont you 动词原形”或“Lets 动词原形”互换。,第,22,讲,句型透视,62,【,活学活用,】,1,根据汉语意思完成句子,(1)_,?,Well see him tomorrow.,还写信干什么？我们明天就见到他了。,(2)_accept her idea?,为什么不采纳她的建议？,(3)_by introducing ourselves!,让我们先自我介绍吧！,第,22,讲,句型透视,Why bother to write,Why not/Why dont you,Lets start,63,2,单项填空,Its a long time since I saw my sister.,_ her this weekend?,A,Why not visit,B,Why not to visit,C,Why not visiting,D,Why dont visit,解析,A,“,why not,动词原形”表示“为什么不,”,，是向对方提出建议的一种方式。,第,22,讲,句型透视,64,3,It is important to preserve forests because otherwise a lot of animals will have nowhere to live.,保护森林之所以重要，是因为如果不这样的话，很多动物将无处