中考湖南省中考英语总复习-语法专题一-名词讲义.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,PK,中考英语湖南,语法专题一 名词,中考名题体验,1.,（,2016,年衡阳）,The last bus has left.What should we do?,Let,s take a taxi.We have no other _ now.,A.choice B.reason C.habit,2.,（2016年青岛改编）,Nancy took her temperature and found she had a _.,A.cough B.toothache C.fever,A,C,3.Can I help you?,Yes,，,please.I,need some,and drinks.,A.potato,B.apple,C.beef,4.,(20,16年黑龙江龙东地区,),How far is your home from school?,About,_,walk.,A.five minute,s B.five minutes,C.five minutes,C,B,一、可数名词,可数名词有单、复数形式。,（一）名词复数形式的规则变化,1,：,一般在词尾加,-s exercise,deskdesks,2,：,以,s,x,sh,ch,结尾的加,-es,watchwatches boxboxes,3,：,以,“,辅音字母,+y”,结尾的词，把,y,变,i,，再加,-es factory,ladyladies,exercises,factories,4,：,以,f,或,fe,结尾的词，一般把,f,或,fe,改为,v,，加,-es,。,wolf,knifeknives,5,：,以,o,结尾的可数名词，有生命的加,-es,，,无生命的加,-s,。,potato,potatoes,piano,pianos,wolves,（二）名词复数的不规则变化,1.,单复数同形,Chinese,Chinese,sheepsheep,JapaneseJapanese,2.,改变元音字母,manmen,womanwomen,footfeet,toothteeth,policewomanpolicewomen,3.,只有复数形式的名词,trousers scissors pants glasses shoes,4.,其他变化,mousemice,childchildren,（三）名词修饰名词的复数构成,1.,通常名词作定语修饰名词时，复数形式是将后面的名词变为复数。如,boy students,。,2.,将两部分都变为复数的。如,women teachers,、,men singers,。,3.sport,修饰名词时，不论中心词是单数还是复数，,sport,通常用复数形式。,a sports club,、,sports shoes,（四）集体名词的数,1.,通常做复数的集体名词。如,police,，,people,。,2.,通常做不可数名词的集体名词。如,furniture,（家具），,equipment,（装备）。,3.,既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词。如,audience,（观众），,class,（班级），,family,，,goverment,，,public,（公众）。如将这些词视为一个整体时，其后的谓语动词用单数；如强调的是集体的各个成员时，,其后的谓语,动词用复数。,二、不可数名词,1.,概念：不可数名词只有一种形式，无单、复数之分。不可数名词不能以个数计算。物质名词和抽象名词和专有名词通常为不可数名词。物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质和材料的词。如,rice,，,glass,，,mutton,，,paper,，,air,，,wood,等。抽象名词是表示状态、品质、行为、感情的词。如,knowledge,，,danger,health,homework,happiness,等。,2.,用法：,不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。不可数名词其前不能用不定冠词,a,，,an,和数词修饰。但可以用,the,修饰。,（,1,）不可数名词可以用,little,，,a little of,，,some,，,any,，,a lot of,，,lots of,，,much,等表示不定量的词修饰,。,一些 牛奶,a lot of,water,许多水,注意：,a lot of/lots of/some,等词既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。,a little milk,（,2,）不可数名词计数要用单位词。常见的单位词,有,a piece of,，,a bottle of,，,a cup of,，,a pair of,，,a group of,，,a bag of,等。若要表复数概念，要把单位词变复数。,a piece of news,一则消息,两瓶牛奶,注意：单位词既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。如,a group of people,。,two bottles of milk,三、既可以作可数名词，也可作不可数名词的词，但意义有所不同。,名词,可数,不可数,名词,可数,不可数,paper,报纸、试卷、文件,纸张,chicken,鸡,鸡肉,glass,玻璃杯,玻璃,fish,鱼,鱼肉,orange,橘子,橘汁,exercise,练习,锻炼,room,房间,空间,experience,经历,经验,time,倍数、次数,时间,work,作品,工作,四、名词所有格,名词所有格通常是用来表示一个名词和另一个名词之间的所属关系。,1.,构成,类别,构成方法,举例,单数名词,在词尾直接加,s,Jims room,吉姆的房间,词尾已有,-s,的复数名词,在词尾只加,Students rooms,学生们的房间,词尾不带,-s,的复数名词,在词尾直接加,s,Childrens Day,儿童节,表示两者或两者以上共有的所有关系,在最后一个词的词尾加,s,Jane and Mary,s,room,简和玛丽的房间（指两个人共用一个房间,）,表示两者或两者以上各自的所有关系,在每个词的词尾加,s,Jane,s and Mary,s,rooms简和玛丽各自的房间,(,指分别所有,),表示某人的家、店铺、办公室等,在词尾加,s,，省略其后名词,at my uncle,s,在我叔叔家,2.,of,所有格,无生命的名词的所属关系一般要用介词,of,短语来构成。如,a map of China,，,at the end of this term,。但表时间、距离、世界、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词直接在词尾加,-s,或,-,。,five minutes walk,3.,双重所有格,表示所属物的名词前有冠词（,a/an,），数词（,one,，,two.,），不定代词（,some,，,all,，,any.,），物主代词（,my,，,your.,），指示代词（,this,，,that.,时，常用“,of+s,所有格”形式，即双重所有格来表示所属关系。,a photo of my sisters,我妹妹的一张照片,this book of my classmates,我同学的这本书,五、名词修饰名词,名词作定语，要用单数名词修饰名词。如要变复数，只是被修饰词变复数。,two apple trees,两棵苹果树,health problem,健康问题,1.,We need some more_.Can you go and get some,please?,A.potato B.potatos C.potatoes,2.Please remember to give the horse some tree_.,A.leafs B.leaves C.leaf,3.,Can we have some _?,-Yes,please.,A.banana B.oranges C.apple,C,B,B,4.,Did you hear any strange _ when the quake happened?,No,I was in my garden with my flowers and was enjoying the beautiful _ of my birds at that time.,A.voice;noise B.noise;sound,C.sound;voice,5.Would you like _ tea?,No,thanks.I have drunk two_.,A.any;bottles of orange B.some;bottles of orange,C.many;bottles of oranges,B,B,6,.Mr Li was sent to teach Chinese in an American high school last year.,Yes,I know.He told me he would never forget his pleasant _ while working there.,A.experiments B.expressions,C.experiences,7.,On the table there are five_.,A.tomatos B.piece of tomatoes C.tomatoes,C,C,8.,The theme park is about _ ride from the museum.You should start out right now.,A.two hour B.two hours,C.two hours,C,