高一英语时态语态.doc
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1、I. 讲解时态是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。常用的时态有:一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时。形式时间一般进行完成现在dodoesamis doingarehave donehas过去didwasdoingwerehad done将来shalldowillwill be doingshall have donewill过去将来Shoulddowouldwould be doing(一)一般现在时1通常表示现阶段经常发生的动作、存在状态或经常的习惯性的动作。常与often, usually, always
2、, sometimes, today, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用。The old man _ (go)to park every morning. 2表示永恒的真理以及客观事实。The earth _ (go) round the sun. 3表示按规定或计划要发生的动作。The train _ (start) at seven in the morning. 4在时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。Ill go with you, if you _ (be) free tomorrow. (二)一般过去时1一般过去时表示过去某一时间发生的动作
3、或情况。常与表示过去的时间状语ago, yesterday , last week, in the old days ,when I was five years old, in 1995 等连用。They _ (begin)to work two months ago. 2一般过去时多和表示过去了的时间状语连用。但是有时候句子并没有过去的时间状语,这时就要通过语境、说话人的口气来判断。I _ (not expect) you were waiting for us. 3used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”,暗含“现在不做了”之意。be used to do sth. 意为“
4、被用于做某事”,不定式表示目的,可用于多种时态。be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事。He used to _ (get up) early . He will be used to _ (get up) early . Wood is used to _ (make) paper. (三)一般将来时1、表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用的时间状语有later(on), soon, in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow等。I _ (be) eighteen years old next year. He _ (not go
5、) to the airport to meet her this afternoon. 2、一般将来时的其它表示形式(1)一般现在时表将来按照计划或时刻表要发生的事情。The new library _ (open) next month. The plane _ (take off) at 3:00 P.m. 在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。If you _ (leave) tomorrow , Ill see you at the airport. When she _ (e), Ill tell her about it. (2)现在进行时表将来现在进行时表示将来,往
6、往是指计划好或准备要做的事。一些表示动作转换的终止性动词,如go, e, leave, start, begin,stay,take off,arrive等,或者也称为位移性动词,其进行时表示马上要做某事。I _ (take) the kids to the zoo this Sunday. He _(leave) school in one years time.(3)be to do sth结构表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务和要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。The president _(visit) Japan in May.I _ (get) married next year. (
7、4)be about to do. 结构表示“刚要做某事,马上要做某事,正要做某事”,强调动作即将发生(不跟表将来的时间状语连用)。We are about to _ (discuss) this problem.They were about to _(leave) when the telephone rang. 3、will和be going to的区别。(1)will多表示带意愿色彩的将来或客观上将来要发生的事,也可表示临时做出决定将要做的事。I _(stay) with you and help you. You have left the light on. Oh, so I ha
8、ve. I _ (go) and turn it off. (2)be going to常用于口语中,主要用来表示将发生的动作或存在的状态、打算或准备要做的事或根据某种迹象判断可能将要发生的事。There_ (be) an English film this evening. Look at those clouds. It_(rain). 看那些乌云,要下雨了。(四)现在完成时1、表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与already, ever, never, just ,yet等副词连用。I _ just _(finish) my homework. 2、表示从过去某
9、时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续持续下去,此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for加一段时间,或加一个现在时间。I _ (know) him for three years. He _ (live) here since 1995.他自1995年以来就住在这儿。【注意】(1)因为含有for加一段时间或since加一时间点这样的时间状语的完成时,有延续性的特点,所以不能使用瞬间动词。My sister _ (marry) for 5 years.My sister_ (marry). Dont disturb her. (2)在This/That
10、/It is the first/second/third/.time that.句型里,从句要用现在完成时。This is the second time that the products of our pany _(show) in the International Exhibition.(3)句型It is/has been.since.所使用的两种时态都正确。It _(be) 10 years since I last saw him. (五)过去完成时1、过去完成时是一个相对时态,表示过去的过去,只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来。When we got to the
11、station, the train _ (leave).2、过去完成时表示截止到过去某一时间已经完成的动作。By the end of last month, we _(review) four books. 3、表示思维的动词用过去完成时,意为“原本(但事与愿违)”。I _ (think) that he would win. We _(believe) that he could tell the truth. (六)现在进行时1、现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。Listen, someone _ (cry). What _ you _ (do) these days? 2、
12、有时,现在进行时也与always等副词连用,表示反复出现的习惯性动作,用以表达说话人赞扬、讨厌等情绪。He _ always _ (ask) the same question.(厌烦)3、动词go, e, leave, arrive, start, begin, end等表将要发生的动作时也用现在进行时。They _ (leave) for Shanghai. 4、状态动词be, have, belong to, remember, know, love, like, prefer, remember, forget, hope, wish, want, see, hear, find, f
13、eel等一般不用于进行时。_ you _ (know) where he is? (七)过去进行时1、表示在过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在发生的动作。I _ (do) my homework at this time yesterday. 2、如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时,则另一个句子常用过去进行时。I _ (wash) my hair when you knocked at the door. 你敲门的时候我正在洗头发。【辨析】现在完成时与一般过去时现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带,它强调过去的动作对现在的影响;一般过去时只表示过去的某个具体
14、时间里发生的动作,与现在没有联系。试比较:He _ (work) in that hospital for 8 years. (表示他从过去开始工作,一直工作到现在,可能现在仍在那家医院工作。)He _ (work) in that hospital for 8 years. (这只是讲述一个过去的事实,表示他现在已经不在那家医院了。)_ you_ (have) your lunch? What _ you _ (have) for lunch? I _ the Great Wall, and I _ there last summer. 我去过长城,我去年夏天去的。II巩固练习1. Here
15、 _ the bus!A. is ing B. es C. has e D. has been ing2. Its the third time I _ him this month.A. had seen B. seeC. sawD. have seen3. If you go to the western suburbs of the city, you _ a lot of new buildings.A. will see B.have seenC. see D. are going to see4. I have bought an English -Chinese dictiona
16、ry. When and where _ you _ it?A. do buyB.did buy C. havebought D. had bought5. She showed him the photo she _ the day before.A. has taken B. took C. was takingD. had taken6. While Tom _, his sister is writing. A. reads B. has readC. has been readingD. is reading7. By the time he was ten, Edison _ ex
17、periments in chemistry.A. had alreadydoneB. already had doneC. was already doingD. alreadydid8. I dont know if it _ or not tomorrow.A. will snow B. snows C. has snowed D. is snowing9. He was sixty-eight.In two years he _ seventy.A. was going to beB. wouldbe C. had beenD. will be10. Tom _ for more th
18、an a week.A. has left B. has gone away C. went awayD. has been away11. He said that honesty _ the key to success.A. was B. will be C. is D. is being12. Joan has gone to London this morning. She _ there till next Monday.A. will have stayedB. has stayedC. is staying D. has been staying13. We _ each ot
19、her since I left Shanghai.A. havent seen B. hadnt seen C. didnt see D. wouldnt see14.Ill return the book to the libraryas soon as I _ it.A. will finish B. am going to finishC. finished D. have finished15. She has bought some cloth; she _ herself a dress.A. makes B. is going to make C. would make D.
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