最全却最简洁最重点的英美文学考试重点.doc
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1、一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类:pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作:The Song of Beowulf (national epic民族史诗)metaphor alliteration。3、Angles, Saxons and Jutes.二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)1、The Roman Conquest: In 1066, the Duke of Normandy William led the Norman army to invade Eng
2、land. The result of this war was William became the king of England. After the conquest, feudal system was established in English society. Chivalry was introduced by the Normans into England. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight头韵2、传奇ramances:描写骑士的冒险精神和典雅爱情文学。seek adventures , fighting for his lord in ba
3、ttle,humility,honor,sacrifice,brave,honesty,love with women三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)(反封建、反教会、追求个性自由)1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、purely English(the London dialect伦敦方言)3、heroic couplet英雄双韵体 4、Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.5、代表作:The Canterbury Tales (英国文学史的开端) 内容:The pilgrims a
4、re people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.特点:Each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. The story was endowed with what medieval romance lacked-interest of character as well as incid
5、ent.观点:He believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions and a blind belief in fate.主要故事: The Knights Tale The Pardoners Tale The Merchants Tale The Wife of Bath四、The Renaissance (16世纪) 1、背景:14-17century,a period of the breaking of feudal relatio
6、ns and the establishing the foundations of capitalism. New monarchy. It is a revival of classical arts and sciences.2、主要文学成就:Poetry: Wyatt: first to introduce the sonnet into English literature. Sidney Spenser: the poets poet.Drama: Marlowe: blank verse(无韵诗) the principal vehicle of expression in dr
7、ama. . William Shakespeare(1564-1616)Novels:John Lyly Thomas Loge Thomas NasheEssays /prose: Francis Bacon(1561-1626)、Thomas More(1478-1535)3 works of shakespeare:37palys ,tow narrative poems and 154sonnetsFirst period (1590-1600):comdies: 皆大欢喜; 第十二夜; 仲夏夜之梦; 威尼斯商人Second period(16011608):tragedies哈姆莱
8、特; 奥赛罗; 李尔王; 麦克白Third period(16091612)histories Lyric poem:Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg Sonnet 18: Theme:The poet writes beautifully on the conventional theme that his poetry will bring eternity to the one he loves and eulogizes.Sonnet 29: Theme:The poet complains of his own miseri
9、es and dissatisfaction in life and then becomes happy upon the thought of the one he loves. Here Shakespeare is supposed to reveal his own thoughts and feelings, especially in the first octet.The character of Hamlet:Hamlet was a humanist, a man who is from medieval prejudices and superstitions.Start
10、ing from his humanist love of man, he turns to those around him with the same eagerness.His intellectual genius is outstanding.Hamlets melancholy is not the negative, hair-splitting and fruitless kind. It is rather the result of his penetrating habit of mind.五、The Period of Revolution and Restoratio
11、n (17C)1、文学特点 concerned with the tremendous social upheavals, influence by puritan.光荣革命意义the supremacy of parliament, beginning of modern England,final triumph of the political liberty2、代表人物:John Donne “metaphysical poets玄学A. Metaphysical poetry is characterized by: verbal wit, irregular rhythms, in
12、genious structure and strange images or “conceits奇喻”.a kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two different things.B. A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning意象:compasses、golden beaten(金箔)union of body and soul,physically and spirituallyJohn MiltonThe indomitable Puritan sprit finds its noblest
13、expression in him.诗歌:Paradise Lost失乐园freedom knowledge oppose to monarchy Paradise Regained复乐园戏剧:Samson Agonistes力士参孙Shorter poems: LAllegro Il Penseroso ;Lycidas ComusPrincipal pamphlets: Areopagitica : attacks the censorship of the press and appeals for the freedom of the pressEikonoklaste: justif
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