高考英语一轮复习 语法专题12课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,走向高考,高考总复习,英语,高三册,Unit 9-12 SB,首页,上页,下页,末页,考 点 精 析,考 点 训 练,语法专题十二虚拟语气,虚拟语气主要考查虚拟语气的概念,(,表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实,),及其用法。,1,条件状语从句中的虚拟,(1),条件从句与现在事实不一致时的句型：,If,主语过去时，主语,should(could,would,，或,might),动词原形。,(2),条件从句与过去事实不一致时的句型：,If,主语,had,过去分词，主语,should(could,would,，或,might),have,过去分词。,(3),条件从句与将来事实不一致时的句型：,If,主语过去时,/should,动词原形,/were to,动词原形，主语,should(could,would,，或,might),动词原形。,(4),根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现,“,混合虚拟,”,的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都要遵守上述句型。,(5),在条件句中如果出现,were,had,should,可省去,if,，将,were,had,should,用于句首，引起倒装。,2,名词性从句中的虚拟语气,(1),主语从句中的虚拟语气。主要取决于某些形容词和过去分词，用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等。其形式为：,(should),动词原形。这样用的形容词有：,appropriate,适当的；,advisable,适当的，合理的；,better,较好的；,desirable,理想的；,essential,精华的；,imperative,迫切的；,important,重要的；,insistent,坚持的；,natural,自然的；,necessary,必要的；,preferable,优越的，较好的；,strange,奇怪的；,urgent,紧迫的；,vital,极其重要的，过去分词有：,desired,demanded,ordered,requested,suggested,recommended,required,等。,(2),表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气。在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气。其形式为：,(should),动词原形。常这样用的名词有：,resolution,决心，决议,pray,恳求,decision,决议,motion,提议,suggestion,建议,preference,选择,proposal,提议,advice,劝告,recommendation,推荐,desire,愿望,demand,要求,requirement,要求,order,命令,necessity,必要性,request,要求,idea,主意、想法。,(3),某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气，用来表示建议、命令和要求等。其形式为：,(should),动词原形。常这样用的动词有：,ask,要求,advise,劝告,determine,决定,decide,决定,command,命令,insist,坚持,intend,打算,move,提议,prefer,宁愿,propose,提议,order,命令,recommend,推荐,request,要求,require,要求,suggest,建议,urge,主张,demand,要求,desire,渴望,direct,命令等。,3,虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句,(1)It,s time,句型：当,It,s time,后用,that,从句时应该用,should,动词原形，或用过去式。,(2)If only,引起的感叹句相当于,“,How I wish,宾语从句,”,。,(3)would rather,as,if(though,),引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时。,(4)without,but,but for,but that,otherwise,引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。,(5)If it were not for./If it hadn,t been for.(,要不是因为,),，其后面的主句也需使用虚拟。,(6)wish,后的宾语从句：表示对现在情况的虚拟：,wish,主语动词过去式或,were,表示对过去情况的虚拟：,wish,主语,had,过去分词表示对将来情况的虚拟：,wish,主语,would,动词原形。,注意：在解虚拟语气题时，应注意下列问题：,1,弄清虚拟语气的概念；,2,分清是虚拟语气还是陈述语气；,3,虚拟语气在各种句式中的构成；,4,看清混合条件句中表示时间的关键词；,5,注意前后句的暗示，准确判断属哪种情形的虚拟语气。,1.,(2009,浙江,),The doctor recommended that you _ swim after eating a large meal.,A.wouldn,t,B.couldn,t,C.needn,t D.shouldn,t,2,(2009,天津,),This printer is of good quality.If it _ break down within the first year,we would repair it at our expense.,A.would B.should,C.could D.might,3,(2009,安徽,),But for their help,we _ the program in time.,A.can not finish B.will not finish,C.had not finished D.could not have finished,4,(2009,福建,),But for the help of my English teacher,I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.,A.would not win B.would not have won,C.would win D.would have won,5,(2009,海淀区期中,),We _ last night,but we went to appreciate the flowerbeds and streetlights in,Tian,s,anmen,Square instead.,A.might study B.could study,C.should have studied D.must have studied,6,(2009,泉州毕业班质检,),Mike,it,s a pity you didn,t come to last night,s concert.It was really great!,Really?If I _ so busy,I would have gone with you.,A.hadn,t been B.weren,t,C.shouldn,t be D.wouldn,t be,7,(2009,潍坊教学检测,),How I wish I _ my mouth before I shouted at my mum!,A.shut B.have shut,C.had shut D.would shut,8,(2009,东北三校联合模拟,),Why are you so late?,I got stuck in the traffic jam,or I _ earlier.,A.arrived B.have arrived,C.would arrive D.would have arrived,9,(2009,南昌调研,),If you _ that film late last night,you wouldn,t be so sleepy.,A.didn,t see B.haven,t seen,C.wouldn,t have seen D.hadn,t seen,10,(2009,南京调研,),Dad,can I surf the Internet?,Again?I wish that you _ going online _ your health.,A.know;will do harm to,B.knew;is doing harm to,C.know;have done harm to,D.knew;were doing harm to,11,(2009,南昌调研,),If he _ his legs in the last training,he _ the coming World Cup,which he has been longing to compete in.,A.didn,t hurt;would go in for,B.hadn,t hurt;would have taken part in,C.hadn,t hurt;would join in,D.didn,t hurt;would have taken part in,12,(2009,西安八校联考,),_ in my present work,I would be quite willing to do what you ask me to.,A.If I am not engaged B.Were I not engaged,C.If I don,t engage D.Didn,t I engage,13,(2009,东北三校联合模拟,),Where are you going to find a job after graduation?,I don,t know.But it,s about time _ for myself.,A.I,d provide B.I provided,C.I provide D.I,m providing,14,(2009,潍坊教学检测,),“,It is strongly recommended,，,”,added the firefighter during an interview on a fire accident in a three,star hotel,“,that nobody _ back to your room to collect your belongings during a fire.,”,A.goes B.went,C.go D.will go,15,(2009,保定模拟,),If only he _ himself and explained who he was,then,of course I should have given him proper service.,A.had introduced B.introduced,C.has introduced D.have introduced,16,(2009,西城抽样,),Time flies.Seven days have passed.I want to go back to my hometown.,Yeah!How fast time runs!But take your time;I,d rather you _ here a little longer.,A.had stayed B.are staying,C.should stay D.stayed,17,(2009,东城模拟,),I would have come earlier,but I _ that you were waiting for me.,A.hadn,t known B.didn,t know,C.would have known D.haven,t known,18,(2009,安徽联考,),Yao,Ming and Yi,Jianlian,have finished their season in NBA this year.,Yes.They _ better but for the injuries.,A.could have done B.can do,C.couldn,t have done D.can,t do,19,(2009,吉林高三模拟,),You won,t believe what Jake did last night!He moved his bed by himself.,You are kidding.He _ that.He could have broken his back.,A.wouldn,t have done B.mustn,t have done,C.needn,t have done D.shouldn,t have done,20,(2009,山东期末考,),_,，,he would have been fired.,A.Had he lied to the boss,B.Did he lie to the boss,C.If he has lied to the boss,D.If he lies to the boss,21,(2010,安徽芜湖调研,),Oh,what a pity!It _ so easy for me to bring those photographs I wanted to show you,but I,ve left them at home.,A.would have been B.would be,C.had been D.was,22,(2009,湖南联考,),Did you go to watch the basketball match last night?,No.I didn,t feel well but I would have gone if I _.,A.were B.did,C.should D.had,23,(2009,青岛质检,),The leader,_ the rule unfair for women,suggested it _.,A.finding;banned B.to find;banned,C.found;to be banned D.finding;be banned,24,(2009,青岛质检,),Some women _ a good salary in a job instead of staying home,but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.,A.could have made B.should have made,C.would make D.must make,25,(2009,潍坊质检二,),_ this afternoon,you would have to come again next week.,A.The boss didn,t return,B.The boss were not to return,C.Were the boss not to return,D.Didn,t the boss return,26,(2009,日照一模,),They are still discussing whether I _ to the meeting yesterday,which I think was not necessary at all.,A.could come B.should have come,C.should come D.must have come,27,(2009,福建质检,),Why are you so late?,I got stuck in the traffic jam,or I _ earlier.,A.arrived B.had arrived,C.would arrive D.would have arrived,28,(2009,南昌调研,),I hear your journey was not very pleasant.,But for the sudden rain we _ a wonderful time.,A.will have B.should have had,C.should have D.had,29,(2009,贵阳调研,),It,s suggested by the hotel management that radios _ after 10 o,clock at night.,A.were not played B.not to play,C.not be played D.did not play,30,(2009,石家庄质检,),It is required that the students _ mobile phones in their school,so seldom _ them using one.,A.not use;will you see,B.should not use;you will see,C.don,t use;will you see,D.not use;you will see,31,(2009,南京调研,),Congratulations.,Thank you.But for your help,we _ in the experiment.,A.will never succeed,B.shouldn,t have succeeded,C.couldn,t have succeeded,D.mustn,t have succeeded,32,(2009,山东威海,),It is too late to take the plane.We _ off earlier.,A.must set B.should set,C.may have set D.should have set,33,(2009,杭州质检,),It is requested that every driver _ the safety belt while driving.,A.wears B.wear,C.should have wear D.must wear,34,(2009,南通调研,),I _ such a foolish mistake if I had been a little more careful.,A.wouldn,t make B.wouldn,t have made,C.hadn,t made D.didn,t make,35,(2009,郑州质检,),I can,t tell you anything about the new plan.,But it is important that you _.,A.helped B.would help,C.should help D.shall help,36,(2009,西安八校联考,),When you phoned me,I was having a meeting,otherwise I _ your call.,A.answered B.would answer,C.had answered D.would have answered,37,(2009,启东调研,),It is suggested that our plan for the project _ as soon as possible.,A.is changed B.be changed,C.must be changed D.will be changed,38,(2009,南京调研,),I drove my car at a speed of 150,kilometres,an hour this afternoon.It was great fun!,Did you go crazy?You _ yourself.,A.might kill B.could have killed,C.could kill D.must have killed,39,(2009,威海质检,),Sally _ to come swimming with us.,What a shame she had to take a test.,A.would love B.would have loved,C.should love D.should have loved,40,(2009,威海质检,),You understand not only what the rule says but what it means,as if you _ it yourself.,A.make B.made,C.have made D.had made,答案,1,D,。考查虚拟语气。,recommend,suggest,demand,等词后面的宾语从句应该用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词用,“,should,do,”,，,should,可以省略。故这里选,D,项。,2,B,。考查虚拟语气。句意：这种打印机质量优良。如果它在第一年中出了毛病，我们将无偿维修。这是在条件句中对将来情况的虚拟，用,should,动词原形。,3,D,。考查虚拟语气。,but for,相当于,without,，可以用,if,引导的非真实条件句替换。由句意可知，这里表达的是与过去事实相反的情况，所以用,could not,have done,，表示,“,过去不可能做了某事,”,。,4,B,。考查虚拟语气。句中,but for,一词给出了暗示：没有英语老师的帮助，自己不会在英语写作竞赛中获奖是对过去的虚拟，需用,“,情态动词,have done,”,结构，而,D,项逻辑错误。,5,C,。考查虚拟语气。依据题干中的,last night,可知，,A,、,B,两项错误，此处不是表猜测；而,must have done,表,“,一定做过某事,”,；,should have done,表,“,本应该做某事而实际上没做,”,。,6,A,。根据语境可知，这是一个,if,引导的虚拟条件句，在表示与过去事实相反的假设时，从句要用过去完成时，故,A,项正确。,7,C,。该题考查虚拟语气。,wish,后跟从句，从句要用虚拟语气，因为后面是过去时，故此处表示与过去事实相反，要用过去完成时。,8,D,。考查虚拟语气。答句句意为,“,我遇到交通堵塞了，否则我就可以早一点到,”,。言外之意是如果不是交通堵塞，就可以早点到达，因此此处是虚拟语气，相当于,“,If I hadn,t got stuck in the traffic jam,I would have arrived earlier.,”,。,9,D,。考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你昨晚没有熬夜看那部电影，那么,(,现在,),你就不会这么困了。题干中的时间状语,last night,暗示从句陈述的是与过去事实相反的情况，因此从句应用过去完成时。,10,B,。本题中,wish,后的宾语从句通常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的愿望。,11,C,。考查虚拟语气。,in the last training,暗示第一空是对过去的虚拟，从句应该用过去完成时，又根据主句中,the coming World Cup,可知第二空表示对将来的虚拟，所以应该用,would,动词原形。,12,B,。由,“,I would be quite willing to do.,”,可知这个句子用了虚拟语气，而且是对现在的虚拟，条件句要用一般过去时，即：,If I were not engaged in my present work,，但是选项中没有这样的答案。这里考查省略了,if,的虚拟条件句，故正确答案为,B,。,13,B,。考查句式结构。答句句意：我不知道，但该是我自己养活自己的时候了。,It,s(about,)time(that),.,是虚拟语气句式，意为,“,是,时候了,”,，从句谓语动词要用一般过去时。,14,C,。考查虚拟语气。,recommend,“,劝告，建议,”,，其引导的从句谓语用,“,(should,),动词原形,”,结构。,15,A,。考查虚拟语气。,if only,后的从句用虚拟语气，从后面主句用,should have given,可知，句子表示的是与过去事实相反的假设，故从句用过去完成时。,16,D,。考查虚拟语气。,would rather,后跟从句时，从句要用一般过去时表示现在或将来的动作，故选,D,项。,17,B,。考查虚拟语气。,I would have come earlier,是假设，,but,后面表示过去的客观事实，因此应用一般过去时。,18,A,。考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是受伤的话，他们可能会打得更好。由前句,“,已经打完了,”,确定，此处表示与过去事实相反，主句中应用,could have done,。,19,D,。考查虚拟语气。,Jake,一个人搬动床，让人感到很惊讶，,“,他有可能会伤着背的,”,，所以,“,他本不该这样做的,”,，故选,D,项，,should not have done,sth,.,意思是,“,本不该做某事而实际做了,”,。,20,A,。本题考查虚拟语气。从题干中的,would have done,可知是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故条件句要用过去完成时。,A,项是将,if,省略，将,had,提前。,21,A,。考查虚拟语气。句意：哦，多可惜啊！对我而言把那些我想展示给你看的照片带来该是件多么容易的事啊，但我把它们落在家里了。,“,What a pity,！,”,表示可惜，说明后面的事本可以做到；,“,I,ve left them at home,”,暗示前面的事情是发生在过去的本可以做到的事，即与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故用,would have done,。,22,D,。考查虚拟语气。结合问句和答语的时态可知是对过去事实的虚拟，所以用过去完成时。补充完整是：,.I would have gone if I had felt well.,23,D,。考查非谓语动词和,suggest,后接从句时使用虚拟语气的用法。,finding the rule unfair for women,在句中充当原因状语，,suggested it,后省略了,should,。,24,A,。考查虚拟语气。,could have done,表示,“,本来可以做,，而实际上却没有做,”,。,25,C,。虚拟语气及倒装语序。由主句中的,“,would have to.next week,”,判断，这是对将来发生事情的虚拟，所以从句用,“,were to,动词原形,”,结构。把,were,放在句首，,if,可以省略。,26,B,。本题考查虚拟语气。,should have done,表示,“,本应该做,而实际上没有做,”,。句意：他们现在还在讨论我昨天是否应该来开会，我认为这根本没有必要。,27,D,。考查虚拟语气。答话人的言外之意显然是说假如没有遇到交通堵塞，会来得更早一些。此句相当于,“,If I hadn,t got stuck in the traffic jam,I would have arrived earlier.,”,是对过去情况的虚拟。,28,B,。考查虚拟语气。第二句的意思是,“,若不是因为突如其来的雨，我们本可以玩得很开心,”,。根据上一句可知是对过去情况的叙述，而,but for,经常用于虚拟语气中，所以是对过去事实的假设。,29,C,。考查虚拟语气和语态。,suggest,表示,“,建议,”,时，其后面的从句一般用,(should,),动词原形，结合从句的意思知此处应该用被动语态。,30,A,。考查虚拟语气和倒装。前半句是虚拟语气，即,“,require,主语,(should),do,sth,.,”,，,not use,前省略了,should;seldom,本身表示否定含义，位于句首时句子需要倒装。,31,C,。考查虚拟语气。,But for your help,是介词短语表示虚拟条件，很明显是与过去事实相反，主句意为：我们本来不能够成功做成实验的。,32,D,。,should have done,sth,.,表示,“,本来应当做某事，但实际上并没有做,”,。句意：太晚了，已赶不上这趟飞机了。我们应当早点出发的。,33,B,。,request,后面的名词性从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气的形式，通常为,should,动词原形，,should,常省略。,34,B,。考查虚拟语气。从句是过去完成时，主句要用,would have done,结构。,35,C,。考查虚拟语气。,“,it is/was,形容词,that.should,结构,”,是虚拟语气的一种结构，类似,“,表示建议的,”,。,36,D,。考查虚拟语气。如果没开会的话，我就会接你的电话。表示和过去事实相反。,37,B,。考查虚拟语气。,suggest,后的宾语从句或主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用,should,动词原形，,should,可以省略，故选,B,。,38,B,。本题考查虚拟语气。由第一句,I drove my car at a speed of 150,kilometres,an hour this afternoon.,可知此句是对过去的虚拟。,must have killed,是对过去的肯定性推测，不表虚拟。,39,B,。本题考查虚拟语气。由第二句可知：,Sally,本来想和我们一块游泳，但实际却没有，表达对过去事实相反的一种假设，故选,B,；,D,含有责备的口气，不符合语境要求。,40,D,。本题考查虚拟语气。句意：你不仅理解规则的内容而且还理解它的含义，就好像你自己制定的一样。,“,制定,”,是发生过的事情，对过去的虚拟从句用过去完成时。如果是对现在虚拟则用一般过去时。如：,I,ve loved you as if you were my son.,我一直爱你就好像你是我的儿子。,