雅思写作步骤.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Judge the type of topic,判断题目类型,题目,1,：,Some people argue that the government should discourage private car ownership while other people suggest that they can choose any means of travel as they like.Discuss both views and give your opinion.,题目,2,：,More and more people travel by car today,instead of using public transport.Do you think it is a positive or negative development,？,题目,3,：,Some people argue that car users should rely on public transport rather than their own cars.To what extent do you agree or disagree?,题目,4,：,More and more people travel by car today,instead of using public transport.How does it affect individuals and society?What measures should be taken to solve this problem?,题目,5,：,More and more people travel by car today,instead of using public transport.Why has this happened?How does it affect individuals and society?,Task2,作文第,2,步 思考观点,雅思作文大致可分为两种题材：,非教育类和教育类,非教育类：经济（效率；收益和成本）,科技（进步；缺陷）,社会（价值和传统观念；环境；社会关系）,个人（生活方式；基本权利；健康快乐；,行为）,教育类：身体健康,学习能力,社会能力和实践经验（与人相处、调节情绪等）,工作能力（动手能力、价值观和道德观、,遵守法律等）,Task2,作文第,3,步,写开头段,讨论类文章的开头段：,Sentence 1,：,background,（,general statement,）,文章的背景（一般的介绍）,Sentence 2,：,rephrase the topic,（,thesis statement,）,改写题目（点明论题）,Sentence 3,：,personal opinion or brief description of,the main body,个人立场或者中间主题部分的简单描述,（,注：考生在考场上可以按照实际情况，自由掌握句子的数量，未必一定要写三句。）,如何写背景句,三种方法：,方法,1,：强调某个话题一直是争论的焦点，或者强调某个长期存在的现象。,e.g.,There has long been controversy about,the negative effect of travelling by car.,e.g.Travelling different places,has long been,a leisure activity on vacation.,方法,2,：讨论类题目之所以热门，往往因为最近某个事情的发生，可以就此事情进行描述。,e.g.Some societies,have seen,the erosion(,削弱,)of some traditional values recently.,e.g.,(,As,an increasing number of students study overseas,),it is interesting to,analyse,the value of finishing a university education in a foreign country.,方法,3,：定义某个具体的对象或者人，包括特点、功能等。,e.g.,The main duty of government,is,to improve citizens living standard.,（适合题目：讨论政府使用资源）,e.g.,The university,is,normally considered as a place for increasing knowledge and conducting academic studies.,（适合题目：讨论大学的职能）,如何改写题目,注意：考生切记照抄题目，或者只修改少数几个单词,改写题目的两种主要方法：,1.,使用替换词,2.,改写句子结构（加入并列结构或者从句）,Practice,Example1,：,Nowadays it is more convenient and easier for people to travel to other countries.Is it development a positive or negative effect,?(,真题,2012,年,10,月,20,日）,Example1,：,Nowadays,it is,more convenient and easier,for people to travel,to other countries,.Is it development a positive or negative effect?(,真题,2012,年,10,月,20,日）,方法一：替换词,nowadays,in the modern world/in the contemporary world,more convenient and easier,can be achieved easily/,realistic,to other world,overseas,Example1,：,Nowadays,it is,more convenient and easier,for people to travel,to other countries,.Is it development a positive or negative effect?(,真题,2012,年,10,月,20,日）,方法二：改变句子结构,In the modern world,travelling overseas can be achieved easily.,加入并列结构或者从句,easily,especially for those from rich countries.,Practice,（,Homework,）,Example2:In some countries,young people are not only richer but also safer and healthier than ever before.However,they are less happy.Why has it happened and how to deal with it?(,真题,2012,年,9,月,22,日）,替换词,in some countries in many parts of the world,richer more affluent/,economically better off,healthier or happier well-being,改变句子结构,In many parts of the world,young people are economically better off,but their well being does not improve.,加入并列结构或从句,In many parts of the world,young people are economically better off,and able to afford luxury goods,but their well-being does not improve.,如何写第三句话,两种方法,方法,1,：表明立场,e.g.,I am of the opinion that,car ownership should be discouraged.,e.g.,From a personal point of view,it is necessary to discourage non-essential travel.,方法,2,：简单介绍主体部分或讨论的内容，并不表明立场,e.g.The problem and benefits of car ownership,will be discussed below,.,e.g.,This essay will briefly review,the pros and cons of imprisonment on comparison with job training.,问题类文章的开头段,方法：（背景,+,主体部分简单介绍）,e.g.It seems that people today are not as friendly as they used to be.,In addition to,outlining the causes of this problem,this essay will,propose solutions.,e.g.Today,children appear to spend most of their free time watching TV and playing computer games.,The focus of this essay is on,the causes of and solutions to this problem.,Task 2,作文第,4,步 写中间段,题目：,The unlimited use of cars may cause many problems.What are those problems?In order to reduce the problems,should we discourage people from using cars?(2007,年,9,月,8,日,),题目：,The unlimited use of cars may cause many problems.What are those problems?In order to reduce the problems,should we discourage people from using cars?(2007,年,9,月,8,日,),Step1,：,阅读题目，确定题目的要求,此题讨论的是汽车的影响。,混合类题目：第一个问题是报告类，需要说清楚汽车使用的问题；第二个问题是观点类，需要说清楚是否应该鼓励人们不用汽车。,Step2,：思考观点,私人汽车会造成污染。,Step3,：思考原因和结果（注意逻辑关系）,燃烧汽油（原因）产生废气（结果）,Step4,：转化成英文,。,Private car use can cause air pollution.It involves fuel consumption and creates exhaust fumes.,Step5,：使用并列句、,3,大从句（名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句）进行拓展。,Private car use,is a major environmental issue around the world,because,it can cause air,pollution.,It is a habit that,involves fuel consumption and creates exhaust fumes.,Step6,：使用举例、对比、强调结果的方法拓展段落。,Private car use is a major environmental issue around the world,because it can cause air pollution.It is a habit that involves fuel consumption and creates exhaust fumes.,As air quality deteriorates,many people can suffer from respiratory diseases and hospital admission will increase considerably,.,Task 2,作文第,5,步 写总结段,写作流程：,总结段一般有两个任务（大概是两至三句话）,1.,重新阐述你的立场和观点,2.,重新总结主体部分讨论过的要点,（注：问题类题目不需要阐述立场）,e.g.,In conclusion,advertising plays an essential role in society,not only,making consumers well-informed buyers,but also,stimulating sales.,However,consumers should be aware that advertising can give an exaggerated account of products in many cases.,雅思作文需要注意的几个问题,：,1.,不要用自己不熟悉的词,2.,避免过分使用从句,3.,少用名言,4.,杜绝中国谚语,5.,减少使用第一人称和第二人称,6.,避免口语化的词语,7.,尽量避免使用问号或者感叹号,8.,单词拼写：单词拼写要用英式拼法，而不是美式拼写,A.E.B.E.,or vs.our,-,ze,vs.se,-,ll,vs.l,-,er,vs.re,-,ense,vs.,ence,-ling vs.,lling,-ed.vs.t,9.,不要用缩写,：,dont,改成,do not,，,isnt,改成,is not,等等,10.,不要用比喻,11.,连接词,主体段落的句子连接有两种方法,:,第一是使用连接词：,引言,：,in general,as a general rule,more often than not,in may cases,in most cases,by and large,not surprisingly,undoubtedly,并列或者递进,：,besides,in addition,moreover,furthermore,whats more,let alone,last but not least,likewise,in extreme cases,转折,：,however,nonetheless,meanwhile,nevertheless,nevertheless,on the other hand,at the other extreme,on the negative side,on the positive/plus side,on the downside,under exceptional circumstances,conversely,选择,：,alternatively,instead,rather,conversely,对比和比较,：,by comparison,by contrast,in contrast,结果,：,therefore,as such,for this reason,hence,thus,given this,in view of this,举例,：,for example,for instance,主体段落的段落末句总结,：,in brief,in a word,put simply,第二种方法：使用短语或者句子。,如,:It is also true that,it is however important to note that,another reason is that,。,Task 2,作文要点总结：,1.,观点最好是符合常识的观点，切记标新立异而又不知道如何论证。,2.,观点一般体现在段落的中心句上。,3.,中心句最好出现题目的关键词，直接回应题目。,4.,主体段落的论述注意两点：第一，解释原因；第二，阐述结果和影响。,5.,整篇文章最好不要出现信息和单词上的大量重复。,6.,结论段不要给建议。,