跨文化交际期末复习.doc
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1、跨文化交际期末复习Unit1Term interpretationEconomic globalization 经济全球化The integration of national economics of national economics into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of the technology.Barter System 物物交换Farming munities traded their
2、 surplus produce in exchange for products and services without the medium of moneyGlobal Village地球村All the different parts of the world from one munity linked together by electronic munications, especially the Internet.Melting pot大熔炉To assimilate the cultures of different backgroundsCultural Diversi
3、ty文化多样性Countries have been mixed instead of assimilateBrief Answer1.What are the four trends that lead to the development of the global village?1)convenient transportation systems2)Innovative munication systems3)Economic globalization4)widespread migration2.What are the three aspects where the cultu
4、ral differences exist?(选择)1)verbal difference; language, thought patterns2)Non-verbal munication; body-language, time concept, spacious language, paralanguage3)values; world views, beliefs, attitudesUnit 1 后半Term interpretationCultureCulture can be seen as shared knowledge, what people need to know
5、in order to act appropriately in a given cultureEnculturation 文化习得The process of learning ones own cultureAcculturation 文化适应Adapt the cultures learning by the other cultures Ps:文化习得,文化适应需要对比Ethnocentrism 文化中心主义Think your culture is superior to the othersBrief AnswerWhat are the three ingreduents of
6、culture?Products, behaviors, and ideas.How to understand cultural iceberg?Culture like an iceberg can be divided into two parts: culture above the waterline and culture below the waterline. Culture above the waterline is explicit, visible, tangible, easy to change with time, a tip of the iceberg. Cu
7、lture below the waterline is implicit, invisible, intangible, hard to change with time, the majorityWhat are the characteristic of culture?Culture is dynamic, shared, learned, ethnocentric(文化中心主义)Unit 2 Term interpretationSource发出信息的人Person who send out informationEncoding 编码The process of putting y
8、our thoughts into symbolsMessage Encoded thoughtsChannel渠道The way the message is deliveredDecoding解码Assign a meaning to the wordsReceiverPerson who attends to the informationContext内容The physical environment that surround usBrief AnswerWhat are the three characteristics of munication?(简答/选择)municati
9、on is transactional(互换性), dynamic, irreversible, symbolic, systematic and contextual.What are the three basic aspects to munication? And on which aspect does the success of interpretation munication greatly depend on?Our individual personality, the culture we operate in, the physical environment tha
10、t surrounds us.Depend on the culture we operate in.Unit2后半Term interpretationVerbal Intercultural munication非言语行为People from different cultural backgrounds municate with other people through languagePragmatics语言学The study of the effect that language has on human perceptions(感知) and behaviorShort ans
11、wer question1. How is Chinese addressing different from American addressing?In Chinese, the surname is put before the given name.In American, vice versa, the name order.In recent years, many English-speaking people tend to address others by their given names, even when meeting for the first time. Bu
12、t in Chinese, we tend to address each other with the full name.Another mon Chinese form of address is the use of a persons title office, or professionTherefore, one can conclude that the Chinese customs of addressing members with the kinship terms(亲戚关系) even not related by blood or marriage2. Who sh
13、ould be introduced first in the west?The senior, the female, the guest3. How is Chinese hospitality different from American hospitality?A: In China, a guest usually observes the principle of avoiding bringing trouble to the host.In American, in contrast, it is the host who tries to avoid interfering
14、 in guests freedom of action by leaving room for the guests to make choices.B: The Chinese host usually goes to trouble to make sure there is something left after the meal; the “wastefulness” of this practice has been criticized in American, and some advocate ordering more sensible quantities.PS: 1.
15、appropriate topics i .e Jim SmithUncle Jim2. response to plaint3. make apologyUnit3Term interpretationA cultural assumption 文化定式A cultural assumption Is when we assume that a person has particular values and attitudes based on their cultural backgrounds.Brief AnswerHow would Americans misunderstand
16、the Chinese responses to the pliments?1.In the first case, the implication was that the praisor had poor judgement2.The praisor was not sincere3.The Chinese would be suspected of “fishing for pliments”Why are the Chinese reluctant to pay a pliment?1.The same pliment was given by a Chinese man to a C
17、hinese woman, the pliment can be.taken as a kind of flirtation(调戏)2.People are cautious about drawing a line between pliment and flattery.3.A positive subtle form of request.(重要)How is the Chinese different from Americans in expressing gratitude?1.Chinese people dont usually say thank you to those w
18、ho are very close and who are in a lower position. Thank you is very mon in American, so they tend to thank people all day long regardless of relationship2.Traditional Chinese customs dont require people to express thanks for the small favors The Americans would thank you all the way for very small
19、and most ordinary things.Unit4Term interpretationSemantics 语意学The study of the meaning of wordsDenotation 本义The literal(字面意义) meaning or definition of a word-the explict, particular, defined meaningConnotation 延伸义Extended meaning of associated meanings, the suggestive (隐含)meaning.Taboo 禁忌语Some words
20、, objects or actions that you should avoid in a certain culture.Euphemism 委婉语The act of substituting a mild, indirect or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensiveBrief AnswerWhat are the 4 major verbal differences between Chinese and English ?1.A term in one language doesnt necessaril
21、y have a counterpart(对等的人事物) in the other language.2.Words or terms in both languages appear to refer to the same object or concept only on the surface, but actually refer to quite different things3.Things or concepts are represented by one or perhaps two terms in one language, but by many more term
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